Bibliography 2: #BIB32175

Key	BIB32175
Reference type	Journal Article
Title	The Bahá'ís and the Constitutional Revolution : The Case of Sari, Mazandaran, 1906-1913
Journal	Iranian Studies
Author	Momen, Moojan
Year	2008
Date	June 2008
Issue	3
Volume	41
Abstract	Accounts of the Constitutional Revolution in Iran have tended to ignore the role of the Baha'is in that event. The Baha’is of Sari, capital of Mazandaran, played a major role in initiating the move towards Constitutionalism and in educating people about the reforms envisaged. They were in the forefront of implementing education reforms. The Baha'is established the first modern schools in the town. In this process, Muslim 'ulama in the town equated Constitutionalism and the Baha’i Faith, persecuting the Baha'is of the town for both reasons, leading to the killing of five of the leading Baha'is there in 1913. The article also discusses the attitude of 'Abdu’l-Baha (1844-1921) towards the Constitutional Movement and the Baha'i role. This paper follows the events of 1906-13 in Sari and describes seven swings of the pendulum of power in the town alternating between the Baha’is and Constitutionalists on the one hand and the 'ulama and the royalist forces supporting Muhammad 'Ali Shah on the other. Scholarly failure to understand the Baha’i aspect of these events has led to a failure to account adequately for the developments during this period.
Research notes	First attachment is a reformatted version. The second attachment is as originally published.
Language	English
Keywords	IRAN; SARI; MAZANDARAN; 1906-1913; CONSTITUTIONALISM
Pages	343–363
Legal note	11.
File attachments	internal-pdf://1148924716/Momen - Bahais_and_Constitutional_Revolution.pdf;;;internal-pdf://1285557132/Momen - Bahais_constitutional_Revolution - Ira.pdf

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