Bibliography: XMBCV5DG

key	XMBCV5DG
title	The Arrival of Radio Farda : International Broadcasting to Iran at a Crossroads
author	Biener, Hansjoerg
item type	Journal article
publication year	2003
date	2003-03
publication title	Middle East Review of International Affairs (MERIA) (Israel)
abstract note	On December 19, 2002, Radio Farda, the new U.S. external service in Persian, officially started regular broadcasts on shortwave, mediumwave and satellite. With the reformatting of existing services into a 24-hour news and entertainment channel, external broadcasting to Iran has recently received more attention. Iran, however, has always been the target area of various international broadcasting services.(1) In its first worldwide press-freedom index published on October 23, 2002, Reporters Without Borders ranked Iran 122nd among 139 countries surveyed.(2) So, the need for independent reporting seems obvious, while some question the need for embedding news and information in a music and entertainment format. This article examines the question in the broader context of international broadcasting to Iran, including clandestine and even religious stations.
pages	13-22
issue	1
volume	7
language	English
link attachments	http://meria.idc.ac.il/journal/2003/issue1/biener.pdf
manual tags	IRAN; MEDIA; RADIO; RADIO PAYAM-I-DOOST; SHORTWAVE