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date | event | tags | firsts |
1942 (In the year) 194- |
The House of the Báb in Shíráz was attacked and damaged by fire. [BBD108; BW18p389] | Báb, House of (Shiraz); * Persecution, Iran; - Persecution, Destruction; - Persecution; Shíráz, Iran; Iran | |
1942 – early 194- |
The publication in Iran of The Political Confessions or Memoirs of Prince Dolgoruki (or, simply, Dolgorukov's Memoirs). The book contends that the Bábí Faith was simply an element in a plot to destabilize Iran and Islam. [22 February, 2009 Iran Press Watch]
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Conspiracy theories; Criticism and apologetics; Prince Dolgorukov; * Persecution, Iran; - Persecution; Iran | |
1942 (The early 20th Century) 194- |
Bahá'í Scholarship The publication in 1865 of the Comte de Gobineau's (1816-1882),Les Religions et Les Philosophies dans l'Asie Centrale created an interest in Europe. A scholar that was inspired by Gobineau was E.G.Browne. He travelled to Iran and also visited Bahá'u'lláh in Akka in the latter days of His life. He translated two histories of the new religion and published two other books as well as a number of articles. He also made an important collection of manuscripts that he gave to Cambridge University Library. Bahá'ís have criticized Browne's work for being too sympathetic to Azal, Baha'u'llah's half-brother and implacable enemy. One of the books that Cobineau for Les Religions... was Násikhu't-Taváríkh (the 'history to abrogate all previous historiies') by Lisánu'l-Mulk. This book had been condemned by Bahá'u'lláh as a falsification of history one which even an infidel would not have had the effrontery to produce. [SUR36-37] A.L.M. Nicolas (1864-1939) was a French consular official in Iran who researched and wrote a biography of the Báb as well as translating three of the Báb's major works into French. Just as the Báb was the centre of the scholarly interests of Gobineau, Browne and Nicolas, some Russian scholars who were more interested in Bahá'u'lláh. Baron Viktor Rosen (1849-1908), the director of the Oriental Department of the University of St. Petersburg was assisted by Aleksandr Tumanski (1861-1920). He spent a great deal of time with the Bahá'í community of Ashkhabad and with Mirza Abu'l-Fadl Gulpaygani. Although he did not write as much as Browne or Nicolas, what he did write was derived from a very deep and thorough investigation. [L&E43-83]
There was much interest in scholarship in the early days of the Faith because almost all of the most important disciples of the Báb were Islamic religious scholars, as were many of the leading converts to the Bahá'í Faith in later years. The most important of these was the above mentioned Mirza Abu'l-Fadl Gulpaygani (1844-1914). He was learned in the Zoroastrian and Jewish scriptures and spent some time in the Christian West at the request of 'Abdu'l-Bahá prior to His visit. During the 1930s to 1960s, a second generation of Iranian Bahá'í scholars, such as Fadil Mazandarani (1881-1957), 'Abdul-Hamid Ishraq-Khavari (1902-1972), and 'Azizu'llah Sulaymani (1901-1985) systematized Bahá'í theology and law, developed aids for scholars such as dictionaries of Bahá'í terminology, and wrote histories and biographies. This was of course a more traditional style of scholarship than is current in the West, but it continues to be useful to all present scholars. The above-described initial flurry of interest in the Bábí and Bahá'í religions in the West was not sustained and from the 1920s to the 1970s, there were no Western scholars who were as deeply engaged as the above-named ones and only a handful of studies that can be said to have done much to advance knowledge. From the 1970s onward, there gradually emerged a new stream of scholars who can be said to be a fusion of the above two groups, the Western and the Bahá'í scholars. This new generation of scholars mostly began as Bahá'ís, although some have subsequently left the religion. They use Western academic methodology and most operate from within Western universities but they have access to insider information and resources. Apart from these individuals, the Bahá'í Faith has been very little studied by Western scholars of religion. A word must also be said about what passes for scholarship on the Bahá'í Faith in Iran and to a lesser extent in the rest of the Middle East. Bahá'ís have been persecuted in many Middle Eastern countries and rejected by Islamic leaders, and one form of this discrimination has involved the manipulation of information. For most of the last 100 years, deliberately distorted or falsified information and documents have been created mostly by some within the Islamic religious establishment and then distributed as though these were facts about the Bahá'í Faith. Since the Bahá'ís have had no ability to respond to this material in the Middle East, these distortions have gradually become accepted in the Middle East as the truth. One example is the forged memoirs of Count Dolgorukov, the Russian ambassador to Iran in the 1840s to 1850s. This and other contradictions were so clearly spurious that even some Iranian scholars debunked them when they were first published in the 1940s. But despite this, they are often regularly cited by Middle Eastern writers up to the present day as though they are a reliable source for the history of the religion. Since the Islamic Revolution of 1979, this manufacturing of disinformation and forged material has increased greatly with programs in the media, articles, and books appearing on a frequent basis, especially in the government-run media. The result is that there is almost nothing published in the Middle East that has reliable information about the Bahá'í Faith in it. A little of this sort of scholarship has also appeared in the West; some Christian missionaries, notably Reverend William McElwee Miller(1892-1993)(Also see WOB83) have written anti-Bahá'í material and ex-Bahá'ís have published academic work that is calculated to make the Bahá'í community resemble a cult as portrayed in the anti-cult campaigns that were carried out in the Western media in the 1980s. [The above was copied from the website Patheos and has been edited for brevity. It was contributed by Dr. Natalie Mobini] |
Bahá'í studies; Scholarship; Orientalism; Bábísm; Comte de Gobineau; E. G. Browne; A.L.M. Nicolas; Baron Rosen; Alexander Tumansky; Mírzá Abu'l-Fadl Gulpaygani; Mírzá Asadullah Fadil-i-Mazandarani; `Abdu'l-Hamid Ishraq-Khavari; Azizullah Sulaymani; Reverend William McElwee Miller; Francesco Ficicchia | |
1942 (In the year) 194- |
Dr Malcolm King, a Jamaican who had become a Bahá'í in the United States, introduced the Faith to his homeland. [SDSCp425 note 2]
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- First Bahá'ís by country or area; Jamaica | first Jamaican Baha'i |
1942 (In the year) 194- |
In the village of Daidanaw eleven Bahá'ís were slain. Records, books and documents that had been transferred to Daidanaw from the headquarters in Mandalay and Rangoon were lost when the headquarters building was destroyed by fire. [BW11p33] | Persecution, Myanmar (Burma); - Persecution, Deaths; - Persecution, Destruction; - Persecution; Daidanaw, Myanmar; Mandalay, Myanmar; Yangon, Myanmar; Myanmar | |
1942 (In the year) 194- |
The publication of Selected Writings of Bahá'u'lláh: Author of the Bahá'í Dispensation by the National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of the United States and Canada. It was published by the Bahá'í Publishing Committee in Wilmette. 43p. | * Publications; - Gleanings from the Writings of Bahá'u'lláh | |
1942 1 Jan 194- |
Shoghi Effendi announced the expulsion of his sister Mehrangiz. [Baha'i News #150 January 1942 p1] | Covenant-breaking; - Bahá'í World Centre | |
1942 16 Jan 194- |
The passing of Carole Lombard Gable (b. 6 October 1908 in Ft Wayne, IN) near Las Vegas. She was buried at the Forst Lawn Memorial Park in Glendale, California. She was a second generation Bahá'í, her mother, Elizabeth Peters, had been brought into the Faith my Mrs Orol Platt. Carole, at the age of 14, wrote to 'Abdu'l-Bahá to ask for His permission to pursue a career in Hollywood. His Tablet came, praying for her success. She accepted the Faith in Los Angeles in about April of 1938. Her closest Bahá'í friend was the well-known teacher, Mrs. Beulah Storrs Lewis.
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Carole Lombard; Ft Wayne, IN; Las Vegas, NV; United States (USA) | |
1942 13 Feb 194- |
Ustád Habíbu'lláh Mu'ammarí was martyred in Nayríz, Iran. [BW18:389] | * Persecution, Iran; - Persecution, Deaths; - Persecution; Nayriz, Iran; Iran | |
1942 (In the year) 194- |
The publication of The Bahá'í Temple: House of Worship of a World Faith Commemorating Completion of Exterior Ornamentation 1942, by the National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of the United States and Canada. | Mashriqu'l-Adhkár, Wilmette; * Mashriqu'l-Adhkár (House of Worship); Dedications; * Publications; Chicago, IL; Illinois, USA | |
1942 Ridván 194- |
The first local spiritual assembly in Cuba was established in Havana. [One Country Issue 1 Vol 17 Apr-Jun 2008]
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Local Spiritual Assembly, formation; Havana, Cuba; Cuba | first LSA in Cuba |
1942 Ridván 194- |
The first local assembly in El Salvador was established in San Salvador. | LSA; San Salvador, El Savador | first LSA in El Salvador |
1942 Ridván 194- |
The first local spiritual assembly in Haiti was established in Port-au-Prince. | Local Spiritual Assembly; Port-au-Prince, Haiti | first Local Spiritual Assembly in Haiti |
1942 Jun 194- |
The Spiritual Assembly of San José, Costa Rica, was legally registered with the government, the first local assembly to be incorporated in Latin America. [BW11:46] | Local Spiritual Assembly; San Jose, CA; Costa Rica | firstLocal Spiritual Assembly incorporated in Latin America |
1942 9 Jun - 15 Feb 1943 194- |
John Stearns began sponsoring a radio program
in Quito under the auspices of his small business, "Kandy Kitchen",
which presented classical music and readings from the Bahá'í Writings. These broadcasts came over short wave (32.05 meter,
9355 Kc) Monday evenings at 8:00 PM Eastern Standard Time. The broadcasts could be heard all over South America and
occasionally in Spain.
The Bahá'í Radio Hour, "Words and Music" was broadcasted every Sunday from 3:00 PM to 4:00 PM and a program called "Bahá'í Echo" three times a week Monday, Wednesday and Friday from 9:15 to 9:30 PM. [Heroes of God: History of the Bahá'í Faith in Ecuador, 1940-1979 p5] |
Bahá'í Radio; John Sterns; Quito, Ecuador; Ecuador | |
1942 25 Jun 194- |
'Abdu'l-Jalíl Bey Sa'ad died in Egypt and Shoghi Effendi appointed him to the rank of Hand of the Cause of God on the day of his passing. [LoF57-59; MoCxxii; BW9:597]
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- Hands of the Cause; Hands of the Cause, Births and deaths; - Births and deaths; - In Memoriam; Hands appointed posthumously by Shoghi Effendi; Hands of the Cause, Activities; `Abdu'l-Jalil Bey Saad; Declaration of Trust and By-laws; Haziratul-Quds (Bahá'í centres); Dawn-Breakers (book); Esslemont; - Arabic language; * Translation; Egypt | |
1942 Aug 194- |
Lidia Zamenhof was killed in the gas chambers at Treblinka. [HDBF516]
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Lidia Zamenhof; World War II; Persecution, Poland; Esperanto; Treblinka, Poland; Poland | |
1942 26 Oct 194- |
Marion Lord Maxwell ('Miss Mac') became a Bahá'í, the first Jamaican to accept the Faith. [BW17:429]
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Marion Lord Maxwell; Jamaica | first Bahá'í in Jamaica |
1942 16 Nov 194- |
Manuel Bergés Chupani, of Sánchez, Dominican Republic, became a Bahá'í, perhaps the first native Dominican person to accept the Faith. | - First Bahá'ís by country or area; Dominican Republic | first native Bahá'í in Dominican Republic |
1942 18 Dec 194- |
The Assembly of Egypt, after obtaining government permission to maintain a Bahá'í cemetery, arranged for the transfer of the remains of Abu'l-Fadl and of Lua Moore Getsinger from their respective graves. The members of the National Spiritual Assembly, together with its committee who carried out the transfer, accompanied by representatives of all Bahá'í communities of Egypt, conducted a service at the Bahá'í cemetery during the reinterment. See BW9p82; 83; 87 for photos. After Abdu'l-Fadl passed away in early 1914 the American believers, in gratitude for the contribution he had made to the American Bahá'í community, collected a sum of money for the construction of a suitable monument for his grave. The work was interrupted with the Ascension of the Master and the money collected was reverted the National Fund. That money was now sent to the National Spiritual Assembly of Egypt. [BW9p89] |
Mírzá Abu'l-Fadl Gulpaygani; - Apostles of Bahá'u'lláh; Lua Getsinger; Cemeteries and graves; - In Memoriam; - Births and deaths; Cairo, Egypt; Egypt | |
1942 Late in the year 194- |
Shoghi Effendi asked Sutherland Maxwell to design the superstructure of the Shrine of the Báb. [BBD210; DH140; GBF103–5] | Sutherland Maxwell; Báb, Shrine of (Haifa); Architecture; - Architects; * Shoghi Effendi (chronology); Haifa, Israel; Mount Carmel |
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