2024-12. Seeing the Signs: The Imamate in Sayyid Kāẓim al-Rashtī’s (d. 1259/1843) Sharḥ Duʿāʾ al-simāt. Gianni Izzo. The role of interpretation in al-Rashtí's "Commentary on the supplication of signs" in articulating Shaykhi thought; how God interacts with creation through prophetic archetypes. Link to thesis "Devotional Wisdom: Commentaries on Prayer and Supplication." Articles.
1986. Mafia, Mob and Shiism in Iraq: The Rebellion of Ottoman Karbala 1824-1843. Juan Cole, Moojan Momen. On the role of gangs in urban social history of the 19-century Ottoman empire; with a decline in government control, gangs ran protection rackets and acted as a parallel government, making alliances and becoming popular leaders against an alien threat. Articles.