Bahai Library Online

Tag "Báb, Martyrdom of"

tag name: Báb, Martyrdom of type: Central figures
web link: Bab,_Martyrdom_of
variations or
mis-spellings:		 execution
related tags: Holy days; Suffering and imprisonment of Central Figures
referring tags: Anís Zunízí (Mírzá Muhammad-`Alíy-i-Zunízí); Báb, Burial of; Báb, Remains of; Báb, Shrine of (Haifa)
Inventory subject: Martyrdom of the Bab; Sacred remains; burial of the Bab
bahaidata.org: Q4615   ·   Links to Bahá'í wikis (bahai9, bahaipedia, etc.)
references: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Execution_of_the_Báb

"Báb, Martyrdom of" has been tagged in:

39 results from the Main Catalog

5 results from the Chronology

from the main catalog (39 results; collapse)

sorted by  
  1. Additional Tablets, Extracts and Talks, by Abdu'l-Bahá, Bahá'í World Centre, trans. (2018/2025). 216 selections, last updated 2025.
  2. Adventures in Persia: To India by the Back Door, by Ronald Sinclair (1988). Travel diary, including a description of Tabriz and a mention of the martyrdom of the Báb.
  3. Báb, Martyrdom of the (July 9), by Christopher Buck (2011-09).
  4. Babi and Bahá'í Religions 1844-1944: Some Contemporary Western Accounts, Moojan Momen, ed. (1981). A lengthy collection of first-hand reports and mentions of the Bábí and Bahá'í religions in contemporaneous accounts and newspapers.
  5. Babi Heroism and the Recovery of the Heroic, by Jack McLean (2009). In defining the three ages of Bábí-Bahá’í history, Shoghi Effendi named the first the Heroic Age, thus aligning the virtue of heroism and the Bahá’í Faith’s metaphor of historical time, with The Bab as the tragic hero.
  6. Behind the Veil in Persia and Turkish Arabia: An Account of an Englishwoman's Eight Years' Residence Amongst the Women of the East, by M. E. Hume-Griffith (1909). Three-page history of the Bab and his execution, with reference to the persecutions in Yazd.
  7. Birth of the Human Being, The: Beyond Religious Traditionalism and Materialist Modernity, by Nader Saiedi (2011). We have arrived at a turning point in human evolution: the moment of the birth of the human being. This paper examines the development of this idea in the Writings of the Báb, Bahá’u’lláh, and ‘Abdu’l-Bahá, and its opposite concept, dehumanization.
  8. Cairo to Persia and Back, by Owen Tweedy (1933). Mention of Tabriz, and the execution of the Báb.
  9. Celebrating a 'revolutionary' who ushered in a new age, by Ted Slavin (2009-10-17). The heretical and progressive message of The Báb.
  10. Chosen Highway, The, by Lady Sarah Louisa Blomfield (1940/1967). Oral Bahá'í histories collected by an eminent early English Bahá'í, first published in 1940.
  11. Concealment and Burial of the Báb, by Peter Terry (2012). This chapter from A.-L.-M. Nicolas' seminal biography Seyyed Ali Mohammed dit le Bab (1905) tells the story of the death and burial of the Bab, compiled from the reports of several eye-witnesses consulted by the author.
  12. Days of Remembrance: Selections from the Writings of Bahá'u'lláh for Bahá'í Holy Days, by Bahá'u'lláh (2017). Forty-five selections revealed for, or relating to, nine Bahá’í Holy Days.
  13. Dramatic Readings, by Marlene Macke (2017-2020). Nineteen screenplays prepared as part of a Writers' collective at Desert Rose Bahá'í Institute, either fictionalized dramatic presentations of pivotal events in Bahá'í history or adapted from historical books.
  14. Dying for God: Martyrdom in the Shii and Babi Religions, by Jonah Winters (1997). Religious and cultural meanings of martyrdom/witnessing, and their role in Shí'í and Bábí history.
  15. Efforts to preserve the remains of the Bab: Four historical accounts, by Ahang Rabbani (2003). Accounts by Mirza Hasan Adib Taliqani, Fadil Mazandarani, ‘Abdu’l-Husayn Avarih, and Aqa Husayn ‘Ali Nur.
  16. Episode of The 'Báb', by E. Crawshay Williams (1907). Brief overview of the Báb's execution.
  17. Eyewitness Account of the Massacre of Bahá'ís in Nayriz, 1909, by Baharieh Rouhani Ma'ani (2013). Shaykh Dhakariyya's rebellion in Nayriz culminated in the martyrdom of nineteen Bahá'ís on Naw Ruz, 1909, the same day Abdu'l-Bahá interred the remains of the Bab in the mausoleum on Mount Carmel. This is a history of both events.
  18. Further extracts concerning the remains of the Bab in Tehran, by Asadu'llah Fadil Mazandarani, Avarih, Sepehr Manuchehri, trans. (n.d.). Two brief excerpts
  19. Heroic in the Historical Writings of Shoghi Effendi and Nabil, The, by Jack McLean (2006). Unlike academic historians, Shoghi Effendi and Nabil interpret the events and characters they portray in moralistic terms. This paper explores the heroic motif through a literary framework in the model of Thomas Carlyle's concept of the prophet as hero.
  20. Historical Geography of Iran, An, by Wilhelm Barthold (1984). Passing mentions of the Bahá'ís in Yazd and E. G. Browne; Zanjan in 1850; and the location of the execution of the Báb.
  21. Iran Seeks to Suppress Baha'i Faith: Editorial, by Author unknown (1955-06-08). One-paragraph editorial from 1955.
  22. It Is Written: A Monologue Recounting the Episode of the Martyrdom of the Báb, by Naysan Sahba (2001-07). Fictional monologue of a character who participated in the execution of the Báb.
  23. Journey through the Caucasus and the Interior of Persia, by Augustus Henry Mounsey (1872). 4-page overview of Bábí history.
  24. Letter to Mrs A.M. Bryant re interment of the remains of The Bab on Mt. Carmel, by May Woodcock, A. M. Bryant (1909). Brief description of the interment of the remains of the Bab on Mt. Carmel on 21 March 1909.
  25. Martyrdom of the Bab, by David Merrick (2008). Martyrdom of the Bab, told in plain English and suitable for reading aloud. Based on many early accounts.
  26. Martyrdom of the Bab: An Outline for Researchers, by David Merrick (2019-10-14). The events of the Martyrdom of the Bab, including the weeks before and days after, presented through complementary and contrasting accounts with commentary, suitable for anyone investigating the events in detail.
  27. Moslem Mystics, by Francis Younghusband (1935). An entire chapter with background on the Imam Mahdi and Shaykhism, and a detailed history of the Bábí faith, actions of the early believers, and the Báb's martyrdom.
  28. Most Dramatic Chapter in the Spiritual History of Humankind, A: A Pictorial Essay, by Julio Savi (2020-05). Introduction to the life of the Báb, with historical photo-realistic illustrations by Romanian artist Simina Boicu Rahmatian.
  29. New John the Baptist Preaching Universal Brotherhood: Abdul Ba-ha Patriarchal Head of Bahá'ísts in Denver With Message of Love and Justice to All and for All, by Alice Rohe (1912-09-25). News article of Abdu'l-Bahá's tour. Includes scanned image of original newspaper and photograph of Abdu'l-Bahá.
  30. Notes on The Báb, Some, by Robert Stockman (1998). Brief overview of sources on the Bábí period, the Bab's history, and his writings.
  31. Programs for the Observance of Bahá'í Holy Days, Author unknown, comp. (2014/2017/2021). Booklets from four devotional programs at the Wilmette House of Worship: 9th day of Ridván (2014), 1st day of Ridván (2017), martyrdom of The Báb (2017, and birth of Bahá'u'lláh (2021), with selections of relevant passages from the Writings.
  32. Re-florescence of Historical Romance in Nabil, The, by Rúhíyyih Khánum (1936). Essay reflecting on the dominant themes of The Dawn-Breakers, an early narrative of Bábí history authored by Nabil-i-A'zam.
  33. Remains of the Bab in Tehran, The, by Ahang Rabbani (1997). Brief bio of Aqa Husayn-'Ali Nur and an extract from Khatirat Muhajiri Az Isfahan, "Memoirs of a Refugee from Isfahan," discussing the history of these remains. Includes biographical notes.
  34. Significance of the Day of the Martyrdom of the Bab, by Abdu'l-Bahá, Khazeh Fananapazir, trans. (2004-05). Provisional translation from Ayyam Tis`ih [The Nine Holy Days], pp. 187-8.
  35. Station Wagon Odyssey: Baghdad to Istanbul; A famous American traveler continuing a journey across the Moslem East, by William O. Douglas (1959-01). Very short mention in this travelogue by a Supreme Court Justice of the United States.
  36. Story of Anis Zunuzi, The, by Houri Falahi-Skuce (2020). Links to 53-minute video presentation with original music and narration. Includes transcript.
  37. Tablet Concerning the Day of the Martyrdom of His Holiness, the Exalted One: Le Tablette Concernant l'Anniversaire du Martyre de Sa Sainteté, Exaltée, by Abdu'l-Bahá, Khazeh Fananapazir, trans, Peter Terry, trans. (1981). Three translations: a French version by Rochan Mavaddat, an English rendering from the French by Peter Terry, and an English translation from the original Persian by Khazeh Fananapazir.
  38. Translation List: Provisional Translations of Baháʼí Texts, Adib Masumian, trans. (2009-2025). Index to talks, letters, and other items translated from Persian and Arabic to English by Adib Masumian; listed here for the sake of search engines and tagging.
  39. Vast, Majestic Process, A, by Shoghi Effendi (1953-05-04). Passage outlining humanity’s progressive evolution through ten stages.

from the Chronology (5 results; collapse)

  1. 1850-07-08 —
      The Báb, divested of His turban and sash, was taken on foot to the barracks in Tabríz. Mírzá Muhammad-'Alíy-i-Zunúzí, Anís, threw himself at the feet of the Báb and asked to go with Him. [Bab153; DB507]
    • That night the Báb asked that one of His companions kill Him, rather than let Him die at the hands of His enemies. Anís offered to do this but was restrained by the others. The Báb promised that Anís will be martyred with Him. [Bab154–5; DB507–8]
  2. 1850-07-09 —
      Martyrdom of the Báb

      In the morning the Báb was taken to the homes of the leading clerics to obtain the death-warrants. [Bab155; DB508]

    • The warrants were already prepared. [Bab155–6; DB510]
    • Anís's stepfather tried to persuade him to change his mind. Anís's young son was also brought to 'soften his heart' but Anís's resolve remained unshaken. [Bab156–7; DB509–10]
    • At noon the Báb and Mirza Muhammad-Ali Zunuzi, known as Anis were suspended on a wall in the square in front of the citadel of Tabríz in Sarbazkhaneh Square. They were shot by 750 soldiers in three ranks of 250 men in succession. [Bab157; DB512]
    • When the smoke cleared the Báb was gone and Anís was standing, unharmed, under the nail from which they were suspended. The Báb, also unhurt, was found back in his cell completing His dictation to His secretary. [Bab157–8; DB512–13]
    • See BBD200–1 and DB510–12, 514 for the story of Sám Khán, the Christian colonel of the Armenian regiment which was ordered to execute the Báb.
    • The Báb and Anís were suspended a second time. A new regiment, the Násirí, was found to undertake the execution. After the volleys, the bodies of the Báb and Anís were shattered and melded together. [Bab158; DB514]
    • See BBR77–82 for Western accounts of the event.
    • The face of the Báb was untouched. [Bab158]
    • At the moment the shots were fired, a gale sweeps the city, stirring up so much dust that the city remained in darkness from noon until night. [Bab158; DB515]
    • See CH239 and DH197 for the story of the phenomenon of the two sunsets.
    • During the night, the bodies were thrown onto the edge of the moat surrounding the city. Four companies of soldiers, each consisting of ten sentinels, were ordered to keep watch in turn over them. Nearby; two Bábís, feigning madness, keep vigil. After paying bribes to the guards, tIhe bodies were removed and hidden under cover of darkness. [Bab159; TN27; LWS147; DB518]
    • See David Merrick's Outline for Researchers.
    • See Sen McGlinn's blog 750 Muskets.
    • See It was in the news.... In this blog SMK points out the parallel between the history of early Christianity and that of the Bábí-Bahá'í Faith.
    • There is a possibility that the Martyrdom took place on the 8th of July. See BBR78.
    • See Glimpses of Life and Manners in Persia Chapter 11 by Lady Mary Sheil published in 1856. It contains sketchy details of the circumstances and martyrdom of the Báb and the insurrection at Zanjan. [Collins 10.1327-10.1328]
  3. 1850-07-10 —
      The Russian Consul had an artist make a sketch of the body of the Báb. [Bab159; DB518; TN28; Sunburst P128-129]
    • See BBR43 for details of the drawing made by Consul Bakulin.
    • See as well Efforts to preserve the remains of the Bab: Four historical accounts by Ahang Rabbani. The four accounts were from: Hand of the Cause of God Mirza Hasan Adib Taliqani, Hand of the Cause of God Mirza Asadu’llah Fadil Mazandarani, ‘Abdu’l-Husayn Avarih, and Aqa Husayn ‘Ali Nur.
  4. 1850-07-11 —
      During the evening the bodies were wrapped in a cloak and removed to a silk factory owned by one of the believers, Haji Ahmad Milani, where the remains were concealed under a bale of silk. The next day they Haji Sulayman Khan and Husain-i-Mílání built a casket and placed it in the wall cavity, covering it with mortar. Before closing it the casket Sulayman Khan placed a bouquet of flowers commonly found in the homes of Tabrizis next to the sanctified countenance of the Bab. [B159–60; DB519]
    • Sulayman Khan sent a messenger to Tehran to advise Bahá'u'lláh that the remains had been secured and He had a messenger sent back telling them to deliver the remains to Tehran. They travelled by night along the rocky pathway through the hills and mountains out of fear for both robbers and the authorities and probably arrived about a week later. [JtaM3]
    • See B159–60, DB518–22 and TN27–8, The Bahá'í Faith 1844-1952 Information Statistical & Comparative p20-22 for the story of the recovery of the bodies and eventual arrival in Haifa.
    • The soldiers reported that the bodies had been eaten by dogs. [B160; DB519]
      • Shi'is believe that dogs would not eat the flesh of 'holy imams' as their bodies are not composed of the same substance as that of ordinary people. [TN27-28]
    • See as well Efforts to preserve the remains of the Bab: Four historical accounts by Ahang Rabbani
  5. 1950-07-09 —
      The Centenary of the Martyrdom of the Báb was commemorated.
    • For Shoghi Effendi's message to the Bahá'ís on this occasion see BW12:191–3.
    • For accounts of commemorations around the world see BW12:205–8.
    • A small group of Bahá'í pilgrims visited the site of the Báb's martyrdom and other places associated with His life. [BW12:217–26]
    • The columned arcade and parapet of the Shrine of the Báb were completed. [ZK284–5]
 
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