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from the chronology

date event locations tags see also
1861 -1862 Bahá'u'lláh revealed the Kitáb-i-Íqán (The Book of Certitude), ‘a comprehensive exposition of the nature and purpose of religion'. In the early days this Tablet was referred to as the Risáliy-i-Khál (Epistle of the Uncle). [BBD134, 162; BKG159; BBD134; BBRSM64–5; GPB138–9; RB1:158]
  • The Tablet was revealed in answer to four questions put to Bahá'u'lláh by Hájí Mírzá Siyyid Muhammad, a maternal uncle and caregiver of the Báb (the Greater Uncle, the eldest of the three brothers). He had been persuaded by a devout Bábí, Aqá Mírzá Núru'd-Dín, to make a pilgrimage to the holy Shrines of the Imáms in Iraq and where he could put these questions to Bahá'u'lláh as well as visit his sister, the mother of the Báb, who was not yet herself a Bábí. [BBD134, 162; BKG163–5; RB1:158]
  • It was revealed in the course of two days and two nights in early January. [BBS107; BBD 134; BKG165; GPB238; RB1:158]
  • The original manuscript, in the handwriting of ‘Abdu'l-Bahá, is in the Bahá'í International Archives. See Reflections p149 for the story of the receipt of the original tablet, written in the hand of 'Abdu'l-Bahá, by Shoghi Effendi in the Holy Land. [BKG165; RB1:159]
  • It was probably the first of Bahá'u'lláh's writings to appear in print. [BKG165; EB121]
  • For a discussion of the circumstances of its revelation, its content and major themes see RB1:153–97.
  • BEL1.77 gives the year of Revelation as 1862.
  • Baghdad; Iraq; Tihran; Iran Bahaullah, Writings of; Bahaullah, Life of; Kitab-i-Iqan (Book of Certitude); Haji Mirza Siyyid Muhammad; Bab, Family of; Bab, Uncles of; Uncles; - Basic timeline, Condensed; - Basic timeline, Expanded; Bahaullah, Basic timeline; Interfaith dialogue; Islam; Quran; Christianity; Bible; Prophecies
    1866. 14 Nov The ‘star-fall' of 1866. [RB2:270, 422–6]
  • The falling of stars was predicted in Matthew 24:29.
  • For Bahá'u'lláh's reference to this see ESW131–2.
  • For the symbolism of falling stars see KI41.
  • See The Delight of Hearts pg87 for an account.
  • The spectacular shower of meteors in the early hours of the morning of 14 November 1866 was observed all over Europe. It was an extraordinary event exciting comment from professional astronomers and laymen alike. The following sample account is from The Times Saturday, 17 November 1866:

    The Rev. Robert Main, the Radcliffe Observer at Oxford, gave the following account of the meteorological phenomenon of Tuesday night last: --

    '...This great display began about 13h. (or 1 o'clock in the morning), and reached its maximum at about 13h.24m., after which time it gradually began to slacken. The watch, however, was kept up till 18h., though after 15h., there were not many meteors seen. In all there were observed not fewer than 3,000 during the night, of which about 2,000 fell between 13h. and 14h., or between 1 a.m. and 2 a.m. As to the general appearance of the meteors, it was noticed that the majority of them were of a whitish or yellowish colour. Some, however, were reddish or orange-coloured, and one meteor was noticed to be bluish. The brightest left generally a train behind them, which was to be seen for a few seconds after the meteor disappeared.' (Adapted from ‘The Revelation of Baha’u’llah', by Adib Taherzadeh, vol. 2)

  • See Thief in the Night p198 for a list of astronomical events that occurred coincident to Bahá'í history.
  • Falling stars and comets; Signs; Prophecies; Lawh-i-Ibn-i-Dhib (Epistle to the Son of the Wolf); Bible; Christianity

    from the main catalogue

    1. Aantekeningen: Kitáb-i-Íqán (Boek van Zekerheid), by Michael Sours (2023). Uitleg over een van de hoofdthema's in Bahá'u'lláh's Boek van Zekerheid. [about]
    2. 'Abdu'l-Baha: A Biblical Figure?, by Combiz Nuri (2009). Biblical prophecies that could relate to Abdu'l-Bahá and the Seventh Angel of the Apocalypse, and the nature of the Covenant. [about]
    3. Abrahamic Covenant as the Pathway to the Glory of God, The: Exploring the Mysteries of Divine Unity, by Ray Estes and Miles Lane (2006/2011). 77 audio files of talks and interviews by a born-again Christian who became a Bahá'í, and related material, including presentations on spiritual truths and the rapture of "end times," and archive of the website innermeanings.com. [about]
    4. Additional Tablets and Extracts from Tablets Revealed by Bahá'u'lláh, by Bahá'u'lláh (2018/2023). 80 selections, updated August 2023. [about]
    5. Additional Tablets, Extracts and Talks, by Abdu'l-Bahá (2018/2023). 167 selections, updated August 2023. [about]
    6. Anatomy of Figuration, The: Maimonides' Exegesis of Natural Convulsions in Apocalyptic Texts (Guide II.29), by Christopher Buck, in Sephardic Heritage Update (2020). Insights of medieval Jewish philosopher Maimonides on figurative language and symbolic exegesis in his book The Guide for the Perplexed. The Bahá'í Faith is mentioned in the Introduction; some interpretations are similar to concepts from the Iqan. [about]
    7. Angel in the Garrison, The, by Horace Holley, in Star of the West, 14:11 and 14:12 (1924-02). An essay critiquing modern psychology's materialistic approach, advocating a shift in consciousness towards spiritual understanding, and referencing the story of Job as a metaphor for spiritual transformation. [about]
    8. Answered Questions, Some, by Abdu'l-Bahá (2014). 'Table talks' given by ‘Abdu’l‑Bahá in ‘Akká between 1904 and 1906 in response to questions posed by Laura Dreyfus-Barney; first published in 1908, the new 2014 edition has been extensively retranslated. [about]
    9. Apocalypse Unsealed, by Robert Riggs (1981). Early draft of the later book Apocalypse - An Exegesis. [about]
    10. Apocalypse Unsealed, The: Some thoughts on the use of Christian Scripture in the Bahá'í community, by Robert Riggs: Review and Commentary, by Sen McGlinn (2002). On Bahá'í use of Biblical literature, especially interpretations of end-time symbolism and the Book of Revelation. [about]
    11. Apocalypse, The: An Exegesis, by Robert Riggs (1998-12). Detailed study of astrology, numerology, and other esoterica, in an attempt to understand The Revelation of St. John the Divine through eyes of Bahá'í interpretation. [about]
    12. Apostle Paul, a "False Teacher"?, by Universal House of Justice (1998/2012). Whether Bahá'í Writings state that Paul was a "false teacher," the relationship between apostles Paul and Peter, and some Bahá'í teachings on Christianity. [about]
    13. Apparent Contradictory Dates in Bahá'í Texts Regarding the Public Announcement of the Prophet Muhammad, by Rauf Murtuzov (2023). Short discussion of quotes showing an apparent discrepancy between writings of the Báb and Abdu'l-Bahá on the date of the proclamation of Muhammad. [about]
    14. Are there indications of a Second Coming of a Messiah in the Old Testament?, by David Friedman (1999). Some claim that the New Testament teaching of a "Second Coming" is not found in the Old Testament; however, it is easy to find older references to a Return. [about]
    15. Armageddon and Megiddo / Mt. Carmel, by Universal House of Justice (2018-09-02). One-paragraph note saying that no reference has been found in the Bahá'í Writings tying "armageddon" with the town of Megiddo, with Mt. Carmel, or with the revelation of Bahá'u'lláh. [about]
    16. As It Was in the Days of Noah: So Unfolds the Surprising Fulfilment of Biblical Foresights of the 'Return', by Don Dainty (2009). Booklet exploring the biblical and Bahá'í concept that rejection of the Manifestation results in calamities; prophecies from the Bible and their Bahá'í fulfilment; theology of the flood narrative. [about]
    17. Aspects of Isrá'íliyyát and the Emergence of the Bábí-Bahá'í Interpretation of the Bible, Some, by Stephen Lambden (2002). Islamic "Israelitica" literary traditions, the Bible, and their relationship to the Bábí and Bahá'í religions. Includes discussion of the Greatest Name, Ism Alláh al-A'zam. [about]
    18. Bahá'í Cosmological Symbolism and the Ecofeminist Critique, by Michael W. Sours, in Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 7:1 (1995). Constituents of Bahá'í cosmological symbolism; introduction to the main feminist/environmentalist arguments; eschatological character of Bahá'í cosmological symbolism; Bahá'í eschatology provides answers to many feminist and ecological objections. [about]
    19. Bahá'í Fireside Notebook, The, by Reginald L. Priestley (2012). A believer's personal fireside notebook, compiled for his study and deepening: notes, timelines, and quotations summarizing the Bahá'í teachings. [about]
    20. Baha'i Principle of Religious Unity and the Challenge of Radical Pluralism, by Dann J. May, in Revisioning the Sacred: New Perspectives on a Bahá'í Theology, Studies in the Bábí and Bahá'í Religions vol. 8 (1993/1997). A shorter version of this thesis is published as "The Bahá'í Principle of Religious Unity: A Dynamic Perspectivism." [about]
    21. Bahá'í View of the Bible, A, by Colin Dibdin, in 75 Years of the Bahá'í Faith in Australasia (1996). From a Bahá'í viewpoint, the Bible is a reliable source of divine guidance and salvation, but is not necessarily historically accurate, nor can the words of its writers, although inspired, be strictly defined as 'The Word of God'; biblical scholarship. [about]
    22. Bahá'í-Christian Dialogue: Some Key Issues Considered, by Francis Beckwith, in Christian Research Journal (1989 Winter/Spring ). An antagonistic and polemical overview of the Bahá'í Faith by a Christian. [about]
    23. Bahá'í-Christian Dialogue: Some Key Issues Considered, by Francis Beckwith: A Bahá'í Response, by David Friedman (1998). Lengthy theological apologia. [about]
    24. Bahá'u'lláh and the New Era Regarding the Explanation of Daniel 12:12: Beckwith's Allegations, by Universal House of Justice (1990-11-06). Responses to allegations Francis Beckwith makes in his booklet "Bahá'í" about changes to this book. [about]
    25. Bahá'u'lláh et le Carmel, by Chowghi Rouhani (2017). Bahá’u’lláh honore la terre sainte; la révélation de la Tablette du Carmel; la grande resurrection; la levée des scellés al-rahiq-ul-makhtoom; le mystère des quatre lettres saintes; Shoghi Effendi et le projet du Carmel; le centre administratif mondial. [about]
    26. Bahá'u'lláh's Life and Mission: "This is the One Who Hath Glorified the Son", by JoAnn M. Borovicka, in Lights of Irfan, 19 (2018). Ways in which Bahá’u’lláh glorifies Jesus Christ and His Cause: He quotes, explains, and defends Christian scripture; supplements Christ’s teachings for the needs of a fast-evolving society; and speaks of Christ as an existing spiritual reality. [about]
    27. Behold the Man: Baha'u'llah on the Life of Jesus, by Juan Cole, in Journal of the American Academy of Religion, 65:1 (1997). Bahá'u'lláh's lessons from the Judeo-Christian experience for founding a new, post-Islamic religion; invoking Christ to illuminate contemporary situations within Babi-Bahá'í history; implications for his relations with Middle Eastern Christians. [about]
    28. Behold the Man: Baha'u'llah on the Life of Jesus, by Juan Cole: Review, by Christopher Buck (1997). [about]
    29. Bible Stories and Themes in the Bahá'í Writings and Guidance (2021). Bahá'í interpretation of Biblical stories and topics. [about]
    30. Bible, Preferred English Translation of, by Universal House of Justice (1996-11-03). While Shoghi Effendi recommended the use of the King James translation of the Bible, Bahá'ís are yet welcome to use any translation they wish. [about]
    31. Bible, The: King James version in Multilinear Format with Bahá'í References by Verse (n.d.). [about]
    32. Bible, The: Extracts on the Old and New Testaments, by Bahá'u'lláh and Abdu'l-Bahá (n.d.). [about]
    33. Biblical discrepancies in God Passes By, by Universal House of Justice (1993-02-15). Citation errors for quotations from Ezekiel in God Passes By. [about]
    34. Biblical Questions, Interpretation of: Ezekiel 10:19, Jeremiah 49:38 and Micah 7:12, by Universal House of Justice (1998-05-12). Can certain passages from the Hebrew Bible be taken as prophetic references to the Bábí or Bahá'í Faiths? [about]
    35. Biblical References in Tablets of the Divine Plan, by JoAnn M. Borovicka, in Lights of Irfan, 18 (2017). Knowledge of the Bible is now at an all-time low; a study of the contexts of four biblical references found in Tablets of the Divine Plan, to demonstrate the value that biblical literacy brings to the study and implementation of these Tablets. [about]
    36. Biblical References in Baha'i Writings, by Marian Lippitt (1955/2016). Correlation between verses of the Bible and references to these verses in Bahá'í literature, including published pilgrim notes. In Excel format. [about]
    37. Biblical Verses, Interpretation of, by Universal House of Justice (1986-01-07). Interpretation of Biblical verses. Includes chart showing all references in the Bahá'í writings to verses in the Book of Revelation. [about]
    38. Black and Beautiful: Skin Color in the Biblical Song of Songs, by Ted Brownstein (2023). Racial biases can be found in several translations of the biblical Song of Solomon; a look at the original Hebrew from the perspectives of morphology and syntax can give insights into a contextually accurate translation of these controversial passages. [about]
    39. Book of Revelation Revealed in Glory, The: A Summary of Glorious Revelation, by William Ridgers, in Lights of Irfan, Book 1 (2000). Bahá'í interpretation of St. John's Book of Revelation. [about]
    40. Book of Revelation, The: Explanations from the Letters of 'Abdu'l-Bahá and Mirza Abul Fazl (1933). Discussion of the content and symbolism of the biblical Book of Revelation. [about]
    41. Brief Account of My Visit to Acca, A, by Mary L. Lucas (1905). Detailed notes of a visit to Haifa, January-February 1905, and Abdu'l-Bahá's interpretations of several passages from the Bible. [about]
    42. "By the Fig and the Olive": `Abdu'l-Bahá's Commentary in Ottoman Turkish on the Qur'ánic Sura 95, by Necati Alkan, in Bahá'í Studies Review, 10 (2001). A translation and discussion of an Ottoman-Turkish Tablet by `Abdu'l-Bahá: his commentary on the Quaranic Sura of the Fig (#95).  [about]
    43. Catastrophe, Armageddon and Millennium: Some aspects of the Bábí-Bahá'í exegesis of apocalyptic symbolism, by Stephen Lambden, in Bahá'í Studies Review, 9 (1999). Preliminary consideration of selected Bábí-Bahá'í doctrines expository of apocalyptic symbolism associated with major Abrahamic religious prophecies. [about]
    44. Catastrophe, Armageddon and Millennium: Some Aspects of the Bábí-Bahá'í Exegesis of Apocalyptic Symbolism, by Stephen Lambden: Commentary, "The Apocalyptic Upheaval Completed?", by William P. Collins, in Bahá'í Studies Review, 10 (2001). Commentary on earlier article by Stephen Lambden. [about]
    45. Christianity from a Bahá'í Perspective, by Robert Stockman (1998). Includes two topics: "A Bahá'í approach to the Bible" and "Bahá'í Writings on Jesus Christ." [about]
    46. Coming of the Glory, The: How the Hebrew Scriptures Reveal the Plan of God, by Eileen Maddocks (2020/2022/2023). Prophecies dating back to the book of Genesis about the future time of glory, when their descendents would inherit the promises associated with the Covenant: an age of global peace and the unity of humankind. [about]
    47. Commentary on Verses of John (Tafsír-i-Áyát-i-Yuhanná), by Abdu'l-Bahá (2001). Excerpt from a longer Tablet on Jesus' prophecy "It is to your advantage that I go away; for if I do not go away, the Comforter [or "Helper"] will not come to you." [about]
    48. Consultation, Portraits, Rakahs, Murtus, and Unknown Language, by Universal House of Justice (2009/2010/2018). Three replies from the Research Department to an individual, dated 2009, 2010 and 2018, on a variety of topics. [about]
    49. Cosmopolitan World of the Quran and Late Antique Humanism, The, by Todd Lawson, in Religions, 12:8 (2021). On the Qur'an's use of the themes of epic and apocalypse to reveal its most cherished sacred truths: the Oneness of God, the Oneness of Religion, and the Oneness of Humanity. Contains no mention of the Bahá'í Faith. [about]
    50. Course on Bahá'í Symbolism, by Ernesto Fernandez (2013-07). Symbolic forms in the Writings and Bahá'í architectural systems, and their analogues in universal religious symbolism. Includes Spanish translation, "Curso de simbología bahá ́í." [about]
    51. Covenant, The: An Analysis, by George Townshend (1950). A study guide in outline form on the idea of a covenant, Messengers and their missions, the covenant between the Messenger and the faithful, and covenant-breaking. Includes an appendix, compilation on the covenant. [about]
    52. Covenant, The: Brit Olam, by Peter Terry (1997). The concept of covenant is found in the Bible, the Qur'an, and Bahá'í writings. Using the form of an inter-religious dialogue, this paper correlates references to covenant in four religions, demonstrating the distinctive characteristics of each. [about]
    53. Creation, by Lasse Thoresen, in Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 12:1-4 (2002). Contributing to the creation of a new civilization as a researcher or an artist means participating in the process of never-ending unfolding; the divine names are the eternal archetypes organizing the material world; dialogue between thinking and reality. [about]
    54. Daniel's Prophecies, by Universal House of Justice, in Lights of Irfan, Volume 8 (2007). Regarding the fulfilment of the Biblical prophecy of Daniel concerning 1,335 days, and modifications made to Bahá'u'lláh and the New Era. [about]
    55. Dates in Baha'u'llah and the New Era: A response to Francis Beckwith, by National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of the United States (1992-09-24). Response to certain allegations Beckwith makes in his booklet Bahá'í. [about]
    56. Dawn over Mount Hira and Other Essays, by Marzieh Gail (1976). A collection of essays on various topics of interest to Bahá'í studies and history. Most of these were first published in Star of the West and World Order between 1929 and 1971. [about]
    57. Day of God (Yawmu'llah) and the Days of God (Ayyamu'llah), by Khazeh Fananapazir, in Scripture and Revelation: Papers presented at the First Irfan Colloquium (1997). Comparison of Biblical and Islamic antecedents of the symbol of the "Day of God." [about]
    58. Declaration or Deflection?: An Exploration of the Intent of the Surih-i-Sabr, or Lawh-i-Ayyub, by Karen Anne Webb (2017/2019). Does Bahá’u’lláh declare Himself to be the Promised One foretold by the Báb in the Surah of Patience/Job? [about]
    59. Discerning a Framework for the Treatment of Animals in the Bahá'í Writings: Ethics, Ontology, and Discourse, by Michael Sabet, in Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 32:1-2 (2023-01). Bahá'í exegesis can discern a framework governing the treatment of animals and our relationship to the natural world; examination of the author’s own relationship with animals; ethics of kindness and justice flow from underlying ontological principles. [about]
    60. Dispensations of Time: Scriptural References (n.d.). Short chronology and graph of biblical passages visualizing human history through seven stages of innocence, conscience, government, promise, law, the church age, and the age of the Kingdom. [about]
    61. Does Corinthians 1:15 Teach a Physical or a Spiritual Resurrection?, by David Friedman (1999). While literalists claim that this verse supports a physical resurrection, the evidence seems to show the exact opposite to be true. [about]
    62. Encyclopaedia Iranica: Selected articles related to Persian culture, religion, philosophy and history, by Encyclopaedia Iranica, in Encyclopaedia Iranica (1982-2023). Sorted, categorized collection of links to over 170 articles. [about]
    63. End of Days, by Moshe Sharon, in Lights of Irfan, 19 (2018). On the word “messiah”, the anointed, which describes the redeemer like a priest, consecrated by being anointed with holy oil; prophecies about the last days and the final coming; predictions about the time of the "end," which Bahá'ís interpret as 1863. [about]
    64. Epistolary Style of Shoghi Effendi, The, by Ann Boyles, in Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 31:4 (2022-09). The purposes of this paper are to investigate the new style of the epistle and the roots of its development, and demonstrate that elements of the form have been modified to accommodate the vision of Shoghi Effendi, architect of Bahá'u'lláh's World Order. [about]
    65. Essays on Jesus and the New Testament, by Peter Terry (2015). Scripture and progressive revelation, canonization of the Bible, teachings of the New Testament, Bahá'í interpretations of the Bible, Apostles of Jesus, and prophecies of Jesus and their fulfilment. [about]
    66. Explanations Concerning Sacred Mysteries, by Mirza Asad'Ullah (1902). Essays on the book of Daniel, and on the mysteries of: daily sacrifice, the kingdom, death, prayers for the dead, the figure 9, Jonah, fasting, and prayer. [about]
    67. Extracts from Notes Taken at Acca, by Aline Shane-Devin (1907-10). [needs abstract] [about]
    68. Five Questions: Loss of Voting Rights, Mani, Magi, Five-Pointed Star, Joseph Smith, by Universal House of Justice, in Bahá'í Studies Bulletin, 4:3-4:4 (1991-01). Responses to various questions. Closes with quotations on Confucianism and Genesis. [about]
    69. Genesis in King Lear: Joseph's Many-Colored Coat Suits Shakespeare, by Tom Lysaght, in Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 29:3 (2019). Creative comparison of the biblical figure of Joseph and the character of Edgar in Shakespeare's King Lear, in light of the Báb’s and Bahá'u'lláh's Writings. [about]
    70. God's Secretaries: The Making of the King James Bible, by Adam Nicolson: Review, by Geza Farkas, in Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 15:1-4 (2005-12/2015-06). [about]
    71. Heart of the Gospel: The Bible and the Bahá'í Faith, by George Townshend (1939). Using only the text of the Bible, Townshend provides a new reading of Scripture as a guidebook for those who seek a universal view of religion and the contemporary world. [about]
    72. I Daniel: Index, by Bruce Limber (1999). An index to the contents of Robert Riggs' book I, Daniel. [about]
    73. I, Daniel, by Robert Riggs (1998). Spiritual, metaphorical, and esoteric teachings from the Bible's book of Daniel. [about]
    74. Images of Christ in the writings of 'Abdu'l-Bahá, The, by Maryam Afshar, in Lights of Irfan, Volume 5 (2004). 'Abdu'l-Bahá addressed Christian subjects in his talks with Bahá'ís of Christian background and his public talks in the West. He elucidated the meaning of Christian texts and doctrines, and referred to Christ's role and nature. [about]
    75. Immanence and Transcendence in Theophanic Symbolism, by Michael W. Sours, in Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 5:2 (1992). Bahá'u'lláh uses symbols to depict theophanies — the appearance of God and the divine in the realm of creation — such as "angel," "fire," and the prophets' claims to be incarnating the "face" or "voice" of God; these convey the transcendence of God. [about]
    76. Importancia de las Escrituras en la Ética Laboral Protestante, by Saul Palacios, in Journal of the Sociology and Theory of Religion, 13:1 (2022). La ética laboral protestante (PWE) se fundamentaba en un fuerte componente. La PWE ya no está únicamente asociada a los cristianos, sino que se encuentra presente en individuos de distintos credos, desvinculándola de todo otro aspecto religioso. [about]
    77. Institute on Islam, by Peter J. Khan (1971). Transcription of tape #7 which deals with prophecies in the Qur'an, and recordings of a one-weekend group class on Islam in Davenport, Iowa. [about]
    78. Instructions Concerning Genesis and the Mystery of Baptism, by Mirza Asad'Ullah (n.d. (1902?)). A short treatise on Biblical verses and symbology viewed in light of the Hidden Words and other Writings of Bahá'u'lláh. Originally composed in Persian by an early Bahá’í author. [about]
    79. Introduction to the Súratu'l-Haykal (Discourse of The Temple), An, by Mohamad Ghasem Bayat, in Lights of Irfan, Book 2 (2001). One of Bahá’u’lláh's major writings. It includes references to the manifold stations of the Manifestation of God; God's promise to create a race of men to support His Cause; and the power of this revelation. [about]
    80. Islam, the Baha'i Faith and the Eternal Covenant of Alast, by Susan Maneck (2009-02-09). [about]
    81. Jesus Christ in the Bahá'í Writings, by Robert Stockman, in Bahá'í Studies Review, 2:1 (1992). While Christians traditionally believe the Gospels to be substantially accurate, little is known about Jesus and what he actually taught; the Bahá'í writings fill in many of these gaps. [about]
    82. John the Baptist and Baha'i Prophetic Categories: An Atypical Paradigm, by Jack McLean (2013). Comparative Jewish-Christian-Islamic-Baha’i study of the prophetic station of the prophet John the Baptist, who occupies a theological status between "minor" and "major" prophet. Includes history of the present-day Sabean-Mandean Baptists in Iraq. [about]
    83. John the Baptist and Interpretation, by Research Department of the Universal House of Justice (1989-08-25). Various questions about the the Bahá’í position on John the Baptist, his station and teaching, and the function of interpretation. [about]
    84. Joseph in Religious History and the Bahá'í Writings, by Christopher Buck (2022-08-27). Just as the story of Joseph is the "best of stories," the metaphor of Joseph is the "best of metaphors": it is the most comprehensive, pervasive symbol and allegory of the Báb, Bahá’u’lláh, and ‘Abdu’l-Bahá in the Bahá’í Writings. [about]
    85. Kaleidoscope: Some Aspects of Angelology, Light, the Divine Throne and Color Mysticism in Bábí and Bahá'í Scripture, by Stephen Lambden, in Lights of Irfan, Volume 5 (2004). Miscellaneous notes relating to religious cosmology, angelology, color and “throne” symbolism in select Abrahamic, Bábí, Bahá’í, and religious and mystical texts. It will be seen that colours are related to the theology of the celestial Throne. [about]
    86. Kitáb-i-Íqán: The Book of Certitude, by Bahá'u'lláh (1931). Major theological work by Baháʼu'lláh, written prior to his declaration of mission. [about]
    87. Kitab-i-Iqan: Key to Unsealing the Mysteries of the Holy Bible, by Brent Poirier (1998). Examination of the Bible in light of interpretations of its symbolism offered by Bahá'u'lláh's Kitab-i-Iqan. [about]
    88. Kitáb-i-Iqán, The: Revolutionizing the Concepts of Religion, Eschatology and Theology, by Sohrab Kourosh, in Lights of Irfan, 19 (2018). The Kitáb-i-Íqán resolves and removes eschatological barriers and establishes the fundamentals of a universal religion and a universal theology, that integrates and harmonizes other contending ideologies. [about]
    89. Kitáb-i-Íqán, The Book of Certitude: Wilmette Institute faculty notes, by Michael W. Sours and Brent Poirier (1999). Notes on various topics related to Bahá'u'lláh's Book of Certitude. [about]
    90. Last Words of Jesus, The: What Were They and What Did They Mean?, by Peter Terry (2015). The words of Christ according to the gospels of Mark and Matthew in Syriac and Greek; comparisons of the Greek, Syriac, Aramaic and Hebrew editions of Psalm 21/22; paper ends with an interpretation by Abdu'l-Bahá. [about]
    91. Letters Written on Behalf of the Guardian, by Universal House of Justice, in Lights of Irfan, Volume 8 (2007). Three questions: Letters Written on Behalf of Shoghi Effendi; Status of Research Department Memoranda; Bahá'í Writings Based in Fact? Includes clarification on the authenticity of 'Abdu'l-Bahá's published talks. [about]
    92. Light of the World: Selected Tablets of 'Abdu'l-Bahá, by Abdu'l-Bahá (2021). Tablets of ‘Abdul-Bahá describing aspects of the life of Bahá’u’lláh including the tribulations He suffered, events in His homeland, the purpose and greatness of His Cause, and the nature and significance of His Covenant. [about]
    93. Lights of Guidance: A Bahá'í Reference File, by Bahá'u'lláh and Abdu'l-Bahá (1988). The classic Bahá'í reference book. This is its first online edition. [about]
    94. List of Articles on BahaiTeachings.org, by John S. Hatcher (2021). List of online essays and articles by Dr. John Hatcher. [about]
    95. List of Baha'i Studies and Translations, by Stephen Lambden. A list of content available at Lambden's personal website, Hurqalya Publications, with select links to manuscripts, texts, introductions. Includes Shaykhi and Bábí studies, bibliographies, genealogies, provisional translations. [about]
    96. Lists of Articles, by Brent Poirier (2009-2019). Lists of 126 articles at the author's six blog websites. [about]
    97. Lot and His Daughters, by Universal House of Justice (2015-03-29). Discussion of two Bahá'í references on the Biblical story of Lot; an interpretation of a Bible verse is not inevitably dependent on the Biblical source being authentic or reliable. [about]
    98. Maid of Heaven, the Image of Sophia, and the Logos, The: Personification of the Spirit of God in Scripture and Sacred Literature, by Michael W. Sours, in Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 4:1 (1991). The Logos in Christianity and the Maiden for Bahá'u'lláh can be equated as one and the same eternal reality; the divine image of wisdom in Proverbs; Sophia and Logos are combined in the feminine personification of the Most Great Spirit. [about]
    99. Mark of the Beast and Implanted Computer Chips, by Universal House of Justice (1998-08-12). Concerns about implanted computer chips as the "Mark of the Beast," and the response of individual Bahá'ís to government. [about]
    100. Mary Magdalene: Lioness of God in the Bahá'í Faith, by Lil Osborn (2013). On the symbolic role of Mary Magdalene in the Baha’i tradition as a female archetype in the context of the doctrine of "return," and thus linked to the poet Tahirih, heroine of the Babi-Baha’i dispensation. [about]
    101. Messianic Roots of Babi-Bahá'í Globalism, The, by Stephen Lambden, in Bahá'í and Globalisation (2005). Contrast of the continuity between the globalism of the Bab’s Qayyum al-asma’ and Baha’u’llah’s globalism, verses breaks between the two, e.g. the abandoning of jihad as a means of promoting a globalisation process. [about]
    102. Notes on Bahá'í Proofs Based on the Bible, Some (1963). Compilation by the National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of Central and East Africa [about]
    103. Notes on Words of the Guardian, by Virginia Orbison (1956). Ten pages of notes, preserved as an appendix to Orbison's lengthy manuscript "Diary of a Pilgrimage to the Holy Land, Made by Virginia Orbison, January 15 to February 11". [about]
    104. One Common Faith, by Universal House of Justice (2005). Review of relevant passages from both the writings of Bahá'u'lláh and the scriptures of other faiths against the background of contemporary crises. [about]
    105. Paradise and Paradigm: Key Symbols in Persian Christianity and the Bahá'í Faith, by Christopher Buck (1999). Study of Bahá'í and Christian symbology, the "first academic monograph comparing Christianity and the Bahá'í Faith." [about]
    106. Passing of Abdu'l-Baha, The, by Shoghi Effendi and Lady Sarah Louisa Blomfield (1922). A compilation on the last days of 'Abdu'l-Bahá, his funeral, and tributes on his behalf. Later published in abridged form in World Order. [about]
    107. Profezie con Valore Scientifico, by Hossein Avaregan, in Opinioni Bahá'í, Apr-Jun/Jul-Sept/Oct-Dec (1981). L’autore illustra le quattro condizioni necessarie affinché a una profezia si possa dare valore scientifico e ciò grazie alla soluzione scoperta dal teologo tedesco Johann Funk (1518-1566). [about]
    108. Progressive Revelation: The Bible and Bahá'u'lláh (2010). A facilitator and a participant guide on studying The Bible and Bahá’u’lláh, prepared for the Core Curriculum for Spiritual Education program's "Fundamental Verities Courses." [about]
    109. Proof Based on Establishment (Dalíl-i-taqrír) and the Proof Based on Verses (Hujjiyyat-i-ayát), The: An Introduction to the Bahá'í-Muslim Polemics, by Kavian Sadeghzade Milani and Leila Rassekh Milani, in Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 7:4 (1997). Study of Bahá'í apologetics based largely on the work of Mirza Abu'l-Fadl. [about]
    110. Prophecies Fullfilled by Baha'u'llah, by William Sears (n.d.). [about]
    111. Prophecies of Jesus, by Michael Sours: Commentary and Responses, by Michael W. Sours and Christopher Buck, in Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 6:1 (1994). Editorial statement about the nature of Bahá'í scholarship and academic debate, followed by responses from each of the authors. [about]
    112. Prophecy of Daniel; Modifications of Baha'u'llah and the New Era, by Universal House of Justice (1996-06-02). Regarding the fulfilment of the Biblical prophecy of Daniel concerning 1,335 days, and modifications made to Bahá'u'lláh and the New Era. [about]
    113. Prophets and Mountains, by Moshe Sharon, in Lights of Irfan, Volume 9 (2008). Metaphors of mountains and actual mountains in the history of religion; Mount Carmel. [about]
    114. Punti Razionali Comuni fra Corano e Vangelo, by Hossein Avaregan, in Opinioni Bahá'í, Spring (1990). Ricerca personale della verità, origine divina di tutte le religioni, analogia delle profezie, uso delle allegorie, significato spirituale di molti termini, atteggiamento verso i miracoli fisici. [about]
    115. Questions about the Second Coming, by George Townshend (1953). Answers by Townshend to questions asked by the Bahá’ís of Kampala, Uganda about the return of Christ, the Bible, false prophets, the day of judgment, and the trinity. [about]
    116. Qur'anic and Biblical References in the Kitáb-i-Íqán: A Guide to Further Study (2020). List of quotes from the Bible and the Qur'an referenced by Baha’u’llah in the Kitab-i-Iqan as shown in its footnotes, and a brief discussion of each reference. [about]
    117. Qur'anic Kerygma: Epic, Apocalypse, and Typological Figuration, by Todd Lawson, in Routledge Companion to the Qur'an, chapter 17 (2022). Article contains no mention of the Bábí or Bahá'í Faiths, but includes themes of relevance to Bahá'í teachings on the typologies of proclamation and apocalypse. [about]
    118. Quranic Witness to Biblical Authority, The, by Sam Shamoun (1999). Written for a Muslim audience, this article expounds on the Muslim view that the Bible is authentically the Word of God. The article does not mention the Bahá'í Faith, but its topic is relevant to Bahá'í studies. [about]
    119. Reis naar het Hart van de Qur'án: Het Heilige Boek van de islam voor hen die nadenken (door een niet-moslim), by David Russell Garcia (2022). Een overzicht van de Koran en zijn thema's: islam versus het christendom; wetten, geestelijke en sociale principes; heilige oorlog en vechten; redenen achter de reputatie van de islam als een oorlogsreligie; apocalypse. [about]
    120. Resurrection of Christ and the Bible, by Universal House of Justice (1987-09-14). Information on Bahá'í concepts related to the Resurrection of Christ. [about]
    121. Revelation of Bahaullah in a Sequence of Four Lessons, The (1902-02). One of the earliest English-language histories of the Faith, written to prove the truth of Bahá'u'lláh's revelation through Biblical prophecy. [about]
    122. Role of Wonder in Creating Identity, The, by Todd Lawson, in Religions, 14:6 (2023). The term badí', "wondrous" or "new," is used dozens of times by the Báb in his proclamatory work the Qayyúm al-Asmáʾ. Wonder plays a major role in Bábí and Bahá'í thought and practice, and in their ethos and message. Link to article (offsite). [about]
    123. Sabaeans and African-based Religions in the Americas, The, by Universal House of Justice, in Lights of Irfan, 13 (2012). Overview by the Research Department about the religion of the Sabaeans [aka Sabeans], and some indigenous practices in the southern Americas such as Yoruba, Santeria, and Brazilian Candomble. [about]
    124. Scriptures of Previous Dispensations, by Bahá'u'lláh and Abdu'l-Bahá (1981). Excerpts on what writings constitute the holy scriptures of previous Dispensations. [about]
    125. Secret of Divine Civilization, by Abdu'l-Bahá (1957). Originally issued anonymously in 1875, this was ʻAbdu'l-Bahá's program for the developmental reform of society within an Iranian context. [about]
    126. Seeing With the Eye of God: Relationships Between Theology and Interpretation, by Michael W. Sours, in Bahá'í Studies Review, 1:1 (1991). Various spheres of interpretation and how their hierarchies reflect theological truth. [about]
    127. Selected Topics of Comparison in Christianity and the Bahá'í Faith, by Peter Mazal (1999). Comparison of Bahá'í and Christian morality, archetypal events and people (e.g. the ideal woman) in early Christian and Bábí-Bahá'í history plus concepts of Christ (Christology) and the Messiah compared to Prophets, Messengers and Manifestations of God. [about]
    128. Shoghi Effendi: An approach to his artistic contribution to style in English literature and to standards in translation, by Nobel Perdu and Ismael Velasco, in Traducción, cultura e inmigración. Reflexiones interdisciplinares, ed. García Marcos et al. (2004). On the technical and literary features of Shoghi Effendi's translations of Bahá'í scriptures: translation vocabulary; interpretation; features of his 'neo-classical' English used to elevate the text.  [about]
    129. Study of Bahá'u'lláh's Tablet to the Christians, by Michael Sours, A: Review, by Jack McLean, in Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 2:3 (1990). [about]
    130. Suggestions for Bahá'í Hermeneutics, by Mark A. Foster (1999). Four essays: "Non-Overlapping Magisteria [science, religion, and Stephen Jay Gould]," "Infallibility: Sinlessness and Prophetic Ecology," "The Case of Some Answered Questions [pedagogy and evolution]," and "The Gospel According to Nabíl." [about]
    131. Sul Valore Scientifico delle Profezie: Considerazioni di uno Studioso, by Hossein Avaregan, in Opinioni Bahá'í, Summer (1987). Illustrazione del “calcolo della probabilità”, ramo della scienza matematica scoperto dal matematico Blaise Pascal, applicato alla religione. [about]
    132. Tablet about Jonah and the Whale, by Abdu'l-Bahá (1893). Short Tablet for an Iranian Baháʼí named Yúnis (Jonah), discussing the story of Jonah and the whale. Translated in the early 20th century by Ameen Fareed. [about]
    133. Tablet of Patience (Surih Sabr): Declaration of Bahá'u'lláh and Selected Topics, by Foad Seddigh, in Lights of Irfan, 15 (2014). This significant Tablet from Ridvan 1863 covers the Seal of the Prophets, appearance and presence of God, resurrection, and the Qayyum al-Asma. Includes context of Bahá'u'lláh's life and troubles during this period. [about]
    134. Tablet of Patience, or Tablet of Job (Súrih-i-Sabr or Lawh-i-Ayyúb), by Bahá'u'lláh (1997-04-21). A notable, and lengthy, tablet from 1863. [about]
    135. Tablet of Patience, or Tablet of Job (Súrih-i-Sabr or Lawh-i-Ayyúb), by Bahá'u'lláh (2020). A notable, and lengthy, tablet from 1863. Translation includes many footnotes, including for all the Qur’anic references found in the Tablet, as well as a short introduction to the Prophet Job offered by the Rev. C. I. Scofield. [about]
    136. Tablet of the Temple (Súratu'l-Haykal): Comparison with the Prophecies of Zechariah, by Cynthia C. Shawamreh (1998-12). Comparison of Bahá'u'lláh's symbol of the Manifestation as "temple" and its analogues from the Hebrew Bible. [about]
    137. Tablet of Wisdom Questions and Answers, by Abdu'l-Bahá, in Ethel Jenner Rosenberg, the Life and Times of England's Outstanding Bahá'í Pioneer Worker, by Robert Weinberg (1995). Authorized translation of unpublished Tablet of 'Abdu'l-Bahá to Ethel Rosenberg in 1906 in reply to her questions about historical statements in the Lawh-i-Hikmat. [about]
    138. Tablet on Understanding the Cause of Opposition to the Manifestations of God, by Bahá'u'lláh (2016). Summary of some themes from the Kitab-i-Iqan, concluding with a long prayer inviting the reader to see with his/her "own eyes." [about]
    139. Tablet to Hájí Mírzá Kamálu'd-Dín (Lawh-i-Hájí Mírzá Kamalu'd-Dín): Excerpt, by Bahá'u'lláh (2002). Brief comments by Bahá'u'lláh on the Isaac/Ishmael controversy. [about]
    140. Tafsir and the Meaning of the Qur'an: The Crucifixion in Muslim Thought, by Todd Lawson (2010-10-23). Using Qur'án 4:156-7 as an example, classical tafsīr, “scholastic" exegesis, has not always taken account of the way all Muslims understand the Quranic text. Other understandings may be found in poetry, philosophy, mysticism and even historical writing. [about]
    141. Taking Care with Translation of Sacred Scripture, by Edward Price (2016/2020). Examination of the importance of using reliable translations of the Qur’án. Includes technical discussion of the meanings of Islam, Muslim, and Allah, aspects of the Arabic language, and errors of translation. [about]
    142. Ten Plagues of the Exodus in Light of the Bahá'í Writings, The, by JoAnn M. Borovicka, in Lights of Irfan, 16 (2015). The historical accuracy of Exodus is not essential to an appreciation of it; scholarship regarding the historicity of the Exodus story in general and the ten plagues specifically; contemporary significance of the metaphor of the plagues. [about]
    143. The Prophecies of Jesus, by Michael Sours: Review, by Christopher Buck, in Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 5:2 (1992). [about]
    144. Themes of 'Abdu'l-Bahá's Tablets of The Divine Plan Illustrated by Scriptural References to the Bible and the Qur'án, by Lameh Fananapazir, in Lights of Irfan, 18 (2017). The Tablets of the Divine Plan, as well as Abdu'l-Bahá's Will and Testament and the Tablet of Carmel, are three “Charters” for promotion of the Cause of God, which can also heal the problems facing humanity in its crisis of faith. [about]
    145. These Perspicuous Verses: A passage from the Writings of Baha'u'llah, by Robert W. McLaughlin (1982). Detailed study of a section from Ishraqat and Epistle to the Son of the Wolf. [about]
    146. Thief in the Night: The Case of the Missing Millennium, by William Sears (1961). In the early 19th-century there was world-wide and fervent expectation that during the 1840s the return of Christ would take place. Did this happen, or was it all a dream? [about]
    147. Towards the Summit of Reality: Table of Contents and Bibliography, by Julio Savi (2003). Front- and back-matter only of Savi's book Towards the Summit of Reality: An Introduction to the Study of Bahá'u'lláh's Seven Valleys and Four Valleys, which provides a snapshot of scholarship into these Writings of Bahá'u'lláh. [about]
    148. Translating the Bahá'í Writings, by Craig L. Volker, in Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 2:3 (1990). In translating the Bahá’í writings, faithfulness to the original text is paramount, reflecting both the beauty of the original and accurately conveying its concepts; consultation is an integral part of the process; practical problems faced by translators. [about]
    149. Translation List: Provisional Translations of Baháʼí Literature (2009-2023). Index to talks, letters, and other items translated from Persian and Arabic to English by Adib Masumian; listed here for the sake of search engines and tagging. [about]
    150. Translations of the Bible Used by Abdu'l-Baha, by Universal House of Justice (1996-06-12). Which translations of the Bible were used by Abdu'l-Bahá. [about]
    151. Truth Triumphs: A Bahá'í Response to Misrepresentations of the Bahá'í Teachings and Bahá'í History, by Peter Terry (1999-12). Rebuttal of Francis Beckwith's thesis "Bahá'í, A Christian response to Bahá'ísm, the religion which aims toward one world government and one common faith." [about]
    152. Twelve Table Talks Given by 'Abdu'l-Bahá in 'Akká, by Abdu'l-Bahá (2019). Talks from 1904-1907. [about]
    153. Two Comings of Messiah as Foretold in the Hebrew Scriptures, by Anonymous (n.d.). [needs abstract] [about]
    154. Understanding Exclusivist Texts, by Seena Fazel, in Scripture and Revelation: Papers presented at the First Irfan Colloquium (1997). Contemporary religions, esp. Christianity, must examine their exclusivist claims to account for other paths to salvation. [about]
    155. Unity of Religions in This Century, Jews and the Crucifixion, and the Sacrifice of Ishmael, The, by Universal House of Justice (1990-11-06). [about]
    156. Unknown Hour, The, by David Friedman (1998). Christians believe the Bible does not specify the time of Christ's return, but the Bahá'í teachings are that an exact year, 1844, is indicated in the Bible for the time of the Second Coming. [about]
    157. Unpublished Talks by 'Abdu'l-Bahá, by Abdu'l-Bahá, in The Sufi Quarterly, 3 (1928). Four short talks given by ‘Abdu'l-Bahá in London, December 1912. These talks have not been published elsewhere and the translator is not identified. The original Persian text alluded to at the beginning seems not to be readily available. [about]
    158. Unsealing the Choice Wine at the Family Reunion, by John S. Hatcher, in Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 6:3 (1994). Bahá’í scripture portrays human progress as propelled by two inextricably related capacities: independently acquired knowledge coupled with social action; in revelation this dynamic relationship is symbolized by the Kitáb-i-Íqán and and the Kitáb-i-Aqdas. [about]
    159. Use of Trees as Symbols in the World Religions, The, by Sally Liya, in Solas, 4 (2004). The tree is a universal symbol found in the myths of all peoples. This Jungian archetype figures in dreams; symbolizes growth, unfolding, shelter, and nurture; is regarded as the gatekeeper to the next world; and is a metaphor in Bahá'í scripture. [about]
    160. Voyage to the Heart of the Koran: The Holy Book of Islám for Thinking Minds (By a Non-Muslim), by David Russell Garcia (2003-10). A lengthy overview of the Qur'án and its themes for a Bahá'í audience; holy war and fighting; reasons behind Islám's reputation as a war-like religion; theology of Islám vs. Christianity; laws and admonitions; spiritual and social principles; apocalypse. [about]
    161. Whether Bahá'u'lláh and the Báb Met, Indications in the Writings and Historical Records Relative to the Question, by Universal House of Justice, in Andalib, 5:17 (1985 Winter). Overview of sources indicating that Bahá'u'lláh and The Báb never met in person. [about]
    162. Wise Men of the West, The: A Search for the Promised One in the Latter Days, by Jay Tyson (2019). Sample chapters from a 2-volume novel of historical fiction on Miller and the Adventists through the quest of a Quaker and a researcher as they search beyond the Holy Land, following clues from Jewish, Muslim, Zoroastrian, Hindu, and Buddhist prophecies. [about]
    163. Wittgensteinian Language-Games in an Indo-Persian Dialogue on the World Religions, by Juan Cole, in Iran Nameh, 30:3 (2015 Fall). Reflections on Bahá'u'lláh's theology of previous religions and Ludwig Wittgenstein’s concept of "language games"; Hinduism, India, and 19th-century Iranian culture; Manakji’s questions about Hinduism and Zoroastrianism. [about]
    164. Word is the Master Key for the Whole World, The: The Bahá'í Revelation and the "Teaching and Spirit of the Cause" in Dialogical and Personal Thinking, by Wolfgang A. Klebel, in Lights of Irfan, Volume 8 (2007). The Word of God is the master key that opens all doors; it assures the opening to the meaning of the whole world and its relationship to heaven; it is the key to the hearts of men and the human spirit, which opens this world towards the doors of heaven. [about]
     
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