This chronology is an updated, expanded version of A Basic Baha'i Chronology by Glenn Cameron and Wendi Momen. To help add or correct entries, contact Glenn. |
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date | event | tags |
1954-09-17-01 17 - |
The first Italo-Swiss Joint Summer School was held September 17-24 in Bex les Bains in Switzerland, and was attended by as many as 75 friends. Dr. Ugo R. Giachery, Hand of the Cause, discussed the Ten-Year Crusade, and Prof. Zeine-Zeine of Beirut lectured on the Kitáb-i-Iqán. For these sessions all the friends were together. Smaller groups, by language, were formed for study of Bahá’í Administration. [Baha'i News. Issue 286, December 1954p4]
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Bex-les-Bains, Switzerland |
1753 175- |
Birth of Shaykh Ahmad Ahsá'í in the village of Mutayrafí in the Ahsá region, the hinterland of Bahrayn. (Bahrain)
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Shaykh Ahmad-i-Ahsai; Shaykhism; - Births and deaths; Mutayrafí, Bahrain; Bahrain |
1771 177- |
Birth of Fath-`Alí Khán (later Sháh) in Shíráz. He ruled from 1797 (or 1798) to 1834. | Fath-`Alí Sháh; - Shahs; - Births and deaths; Qajar dynasty; Shíráz, Iran; Iran |
c. 1778 177- |
Birth of Mírzá Muhammad Riday-i-Shírází, the father of the Báb. | Mírzá Muhammad Rida; - Births and deaths; Báb, Family of; Shíráz, Iran; Iran |
c. 1783 178- |
Birth of Mírzá `Abbás-i-Irivání, later Prime Minister Hájí Mírzá Áqásí, in Máh-Kú. | - Prime Ministers of Iran; - Prime Ministers; Hájí Mírzá Aqasi; - Births and deaths; Mah-Ku, Iran; Iran |
1797 179- |
Birth of Siyyid Kázim-i-Rashtí, in Rasht. | Shaykhism; Siyyid Kazim-i-Rashti; - Births and deaths; Rasht, Iran; Iran |
1797 17 Jun 179- |
Áqá Muhammad Khán, leader of the Qájárs, (b. 5 September, 1772, d. 23 October, 1834) proclaimed himself Sháh of Persia; beginning of Qájár dynasty. He ruled until the 23rd of October, 1834. [AY213, Wikipedia]
The Qajar dynasty lasted until 1925. [Wikipedia] |
Aqa Muhammad Khan; Qajar dynasty; - Shahs; - Shahs, Throne changes; History (general); Iran, General history; Iran |
1797 c. Aug 179- |
Crown Prince Fath-`Alí Mírzá assumed leadership of Persia. (1797 (or 1798) to 1834) | Fath-`Alí Sháh; - Shahs; - Shahs, Throne changes; Qajar dynasty; History (general); Iran, General history; Iran |
1798 21 Mar 179- |
Fath-`Alí Khán was crowned second Qájár Sháh during Naw-Rúz festival. | Fath-`Alí Sháh; - Shahs; - Shahs, Throne changes; Qajar dynasty; History (general); Iran, General history; Iran |
1798 1 Jul 179- |
The start of the French invasion of Egypt. It ended in a military disaster for France, albeit a political springboard for the 29-year old future emperor but it was a cultural and scientific enterprise that played a crucial role in the development of modern Egypt. The objectives were to free Egypt from the tyranny of the Mamluk ruling warrior class and to cut off Britain's trade route to India. It was the first major incursion of a European power into a central country of the Islamic world since the Crusades.
Although the plan to colonize Egypt failed it did inaugurate an era of intensive and prolonged rivalry between Britain and France, soon to be joined by Russia. The Age of Colonization had begun. In 1814 35% of the world was ruled by the colonial powers. By 1914 it was 85%. The French captured Alexandria easily and were victorious in the Battle of the Pyramids, however the British under Horatio Nelson sunk the French fleet in the Battle of the Nile in August. The British and the Ottomans laid siege to Acre in May of 1799 at the same time a plague epidemic struck the French soldiers. Napoleon fled back to dance in August of 1799 abandoning his troops to an eventual surrender in August of 1801. After the expulsion of Napoleon's troops from Egypt by a combined British-Ottoman operation in 1801, Egypt underwent, under Muhammad Ali Pasha (1805-48). a period of comprehensive reforms. The elimination of the Mamluk feudal lords, the confiscation of their lands and the establishment of a state-controlled monopoly of the chief products, mainly cotton, enabled the enlightened ruler to initiate an extensive program of socio-economic change. Industries flourished, military and medical academies were established, students were sent abroad to study in Paris. A modern army was built up and the Egyptian navy soon surpassed the Ottoman navy which controlled the Eastern Mediterranean. [Wikipedia; Colonialism, Nationalism and Jewish Immigration to Palestine: Abdu'l-Baha's Viewpoints Regarding the Middle East by Kamran Ekbal p26-27; Napoleon and the Scientific Expedition to Egypt] |
Egypt |
1799 in the year 179- |
Napoleon, returning from Egypt, captured Jaffa and laid siege to Acre.
At this juncture the French in Egypt were being threatened by the British Fleet under Commodore Sir Sidney Smith, while a Turkish army was assembling in Syria. Napoleon's object was to compel the Ottoman Government to come to terms with France. He defeated the Turks on the Plain of Jezreel, and advanced as far as Nazareth and Safed; but he failed to capture Acre after a two month siege and the loss of most of his best soldiers, gallantly defended by Sidney Smith. By the beginning of June, 1799, Napoleon had withdrawn from Palestine. [Handbook of Palestine edited by H C Luke and E Keith Roach, McMillan, London, 1922 pp22-23] |
Napoleon I; History (general); War; Akka, Israel; Israel; Palestine |
1799 21 Mar 179- |
Fath-`Alí Sháh's son, `Abbás Mírzá (aged 9), was designated Crown Prince of Persia. | Fath-`Alí Sháh; - Shahs; Abbas Mírzá; Qajar dynasty; History (general); Iran, General history; Iran |
1804 - 1813 180- |
Russo-Persian War resulted in a Russian victory. The Battle of Aslan Duz on 31 October 1812 was the turning point in the war, which led to the complete destruction of the Persian army, thus leaving Fath Ali Shah with no other option but to sign the Treaty of Gulistan on 24 October 1813. Numerically, Persian forces had a considerable advantage during the war, a ratio of 5 to 1 over their Russian adversaries, however, the Persian forces were technologically backwards and poorly trained - a problem that the Persian government failed to recognize. With the Treaty of Gulistan Persia ceded what is now Georgia, Dagestan, parts of northern Armenia, and most of what now comprises modern Azerbaijan to Russia. | Russo-Persian War; Treaty of Gulistan; War; History (general); Iran, General history; Gulistan, Iran; Aslan Duz, Iran; Iran; Russia |
c. 1806 180- |
Birth of Mírzá Muhammad Taqí Khán-i-Farahání, later Prime Minister of Persia, in Hizávih. | Mírzá Muhammad Taqi Khan-i-Farahani; - Prime Ministers of Iran; - Prime Ministers; - Births and deaths; Hizavih, Iran; Iran |
1807 25 Mar 180- |
The Bill to abolish the Atlantic slave trade received Royal Assent in the British Parliament. The Act took effect on 1 May 1807. [UK Parliament]
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Slavery; London, England; United Kingdom; Haiti; Dominican Republic |
1808 5 Jan 180- |
Birth of Muhammad Mírzá (later Sháh), son of Crown Prince `Abbás Mírzá and grandson of Fath-`Alí Sháh. | Muhammad Sháh; Abbas Mírzá; Fath-`Alí Sháh; - Shahs; Qajar dynasty; - Births and deaths; Iran |
c. 1812 181- |
Birth of Mullá Muhammad-`Alíy-i-Zanjání, Hujjat. | Hujjat; - Births and deaths; Iran |
c. 1813 181- |
Birth of Muhammad Husayn-i-Bushrú'í (Mullá Husayn).
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Mulla Husayn; - Births and deaths; - Letters of the Living; Bushrúyih, Iran; Iran |
1815 (Dates undetermined) 181- |
Early history of the House of the Báb
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Báb, House of (Shiraz); Aqa Mírzá Muhammad Rida; Fatimih Bagum; Hájí Mírzá Siyyid Ali; Shíráz, Iran; Iran |
1817 (In the year) 181- |
Shaykh Ahmad traveled to Persia and visits Shíráz and Tihrán. He was in Tihrán when Bahá'u'lláh is born. [DB13] | Shaykh Ahmad-i-Ahsai; Shaykhism; Bahá'u'lláh, Birth of; * Bahaullah (chronology); Shíráz, Iran; Tehran, Iran; Iran |
c. 1817 181- |
Birth of Hand of the Cause Mullá Abu'l-Hasan-i-Ardikání (Hájí Amín), in Ardikán, near Yazd. | Hájí Amin (Abu'l-Hasan-i-Ardikani); - Hands of the Cause; - Births and deaths; Ardikan, Iran; Yazd, Iran; Iran |
1817 (In the year) 181- |
The birth of Fátimih Umm-Salamih, Táhirih (the Pure One), Qurratu'l-'Ayn (Solace of the Eyes), Zarrín-Táj (Crown of Gold). [BBD220; GPB7, 73, 75; DB81note2]
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Tahirih (Qurratu'l-'Ayn, Zarrín-Táj); - Births and deaths; - Letters of the Living; Qazvin, Iran; Iran |
1817 12 Nov 181- |
Birth of Mírzá Husayn `Alíy-i-Núrí (Bahá'u'lláh) in Tehran, called by Him the "Land of Tá" (Ard-i-Tá). [Bahá'í Encyclopedia Project]
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Bahá'u'lláh, Birth of; Bahá'u'lláh, Childhood of; * Bahaullah (chronology); Twin Holy days; Holy days; Mírzá Buzurg; Khadijih Khanum; - Basic timeline, Condensed; - Basic timeline, Expanded; * Bahá'u'lláh, Basic timeline; - Births and deaths; Zoroaster (Zarathustra); Abraham; Tehran, Iran; Núr, Iran; Iran |
1818 May 181- |
Birth of Mullá Zaynu'l-`Ábidín (Zaynu'l-Muqarrabín), Apostle of Bahá'u'lláh, in Najafábád. | Zaynu'l-Muqarrabín (Mullá Zaynul-ʻÁbidín); - Apostles of Bahá'u'lláh; - Births and deaths; Najaf, Iranabad, Iran; Iran |
1819 (In the year) 181- |
Death of Shaykh `Alí, son of Shaykh Ahmad. Shaykh Ahmad considered this loss as a sacrifice for `the Alí whose advent we all await'. [MH24] | Shaykh Ali; Shaykh Ahmad-i-Ahsai; - Births and deaths; Sacrifice; Shaykhism; Iran |
1819-1831 181- |
`Abdu'lláh Páshá became the governor of `Akká in 1819. In 1832 when the Egyptians took `Akká he surrendered and was taken to Egypt. He was freed in 1840 when the area reverted to Turkish rule. [BBD5] | `Abdu'lláh Páshá; - Governors; History (general); Akka, Israel; Palestine; Israel; Egypt |
1819 20 Oct 181- |
Birth of Siyyid `Alí-Muhammad (The Báb), before dawn, in Shíráz. [B32; GH13; DB14, 72]
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Báb, Birth of; * Báb, The (chronology); Báb, Family of; Fatimih Bagum; Mírzá Muhammad Rida; - Basic timeline, Condensed; - Basic timeline, Expanded; * Báb, The, Basic timeline; Holy days; Twin Holy days; - Births and deaths; Shíráz, Iran; Iran |
1820 (In the year) 182- |
Birth of Khadíjih Bagum (daughter of Mírzá `Alí, a merchant of Shíráz), first wife of the Báb, in Shíráz. | Khadijih Bagum (wife of the Báb); Báb, Family of; - Births and deaths; Shíráz, Iran; Iran |
1820 (In the year) 182- |
Birth of Ásíyih Khánum (Navváb), first wife of Bahá'u'lláh, in Yálrúd. The only daughter of Mírzá Ismá'íl. | Navvab (Asiyih Khanum); - Births and deaths; Yálrúd, Iran; Iran |
1821 (In the year) 182- |
`Abdu'lláh Páshá built the Mansion at Bahjí. [BBD5, 42] | `Abdu'lláh Páshá; House of Bahá'u'lláh (Bahji); Bahji, Israel; Akka, Israel |
1822 (In the year) 182- |
Birth of Mírzá-`Alíy-i-Bárfurúshí (Quddús), the 18th Letter of the Living in Barfurush (now called Babol). | Quddus; - Letters of the Living; - Births and deaths; Babul (Barfurush), Iran; Iran; Babul (Barfurush), Iran |
c. 1823 182- |
Bahá'u'lláh's father dreamed that his son was swimming in a sea with multitudes of fish clinging to the strands of His hair. He related this dream to a soothsayer, who prophesied that Bahá'u'lláh will achieve supremacy over the world. [DB199–20] | * Bahaullah (chronology); Bahá'u'lláh, Childhood of; Bahá'u'lláh, Family of; Mírzá Buzurg; Dreams and visions; Hair (general); Fishes (metaphor); Seas and oceans (metaphor); - Basic timeline, Expanded; Iran |
c. 1825 182- |
Birth of Áqá Husayn-i-Isfahání (Mishkín-Qalam), Apostle of Bahá'u'lláh and well-known calligrapher, in Shíráz. | Mishkin-Qalam; - Apostles of Bahá'u'lláh; Shíráz, Iran; Iran |
1826 27 Jun 182- |
Passing of Shaykh Ahmad-i-Ahsá'í, the leader of the Shaykhís, in Haddíyyih near Medina near the tomb of Muhammad, at approximately 75 years. He was buried in the cemetery of Baqí` in Medina. [B2,; M16; H20]
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Shaykh Ahmad-i-Ahsai; Siyyid Kazim-i-Rashti; Shaykhism; - In Memoriam; - Births and deaths; - Basic timeline, Expanded; Medina, Saudi Arabia; Saudi Arabia |
1828 (In the year) 182- |
Passing of Mírzá Muhammad Ridá, the father of the Báb.
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Mírzá Muhammad Rida; Hájí Mírzá Siyyid Ali; Báb, Family of; Báb, Uncles of; - Uncles; * Báb, The (chronology); - In Memoriam; - Births and deaths; * Báb, The, Basic timeline; Shíráz, Iran; Iran; Hájí Mubarak |
1828 10 Feb 182- |
Defeat of the Persians at the hands of the Russians. The Russo-Persian War of 1826–28 was the last major military conflict between the Russian Empire and Iran. The war ended following the occupation of Tabriz and had even more disastrous results for Persia than the 1804-1813 war. The ensuing Treaty of Turkmenchay, signed on 10 February 1828 in Torkamanchay, Iran, stripped Persia of its last remaining territories in the Caucasus, which comprised all of modern Armenia, the southern remainder of modern Azerbaijan, and modern Igdir in Turkey. Through the Gulistan and Turkmenchay treaties Persia had lost all of its territories in the Caucasus to Russia making them the unquestioned dominant power in the region. [BBRSM55] | Russo-Persian War; War; History (general); Iran, General history; Tabríz, Iran; Turkmenchay, Iran; Iran |
1829 29 Mar 182- |
Birth of Áqá Muhammad-i-Qá'iní (Nabíl-i-Akbar), Apostle of Bahá'u'lláh, in Naw-Firist, near Bírjand. He died on the 5th of July 1892 in Bukhara, Russian Turkistan (now Uzbekistan). He was referred to as a Hand of the Cause by 'Abdu'l-Bahá posthumously. [Bahá'í Encyclopedia Project; MoFp1] | Nabil-i-Akbar (Aqa Muhammed-i-Qaini); - Apostles of Bahá'u'lláh; - Births and deaths; Hands of the Cause, referred to as such by `Abdu'l-Bahá; Naw-Firist, Iran; Bírjand, Iran; Iran |
c. 1830 183- |
Marriage of Táhirih to her cousin Mullá Muhammad, the son of Mullá Taqí. [TB25] | Weddings; Tahirih (Qurratu'l-'Ayn, Zarrín-Táj); Mulla Muhammad; Mulla Taqi; Iran |
1830 Jan c. 183- |
Birth of Hájí Mírzá Muhammad Taqí Afnán (Vakílu'd-Dawlih), maternal uncle of the Báb, who supervised and largely paid for the building of the Mashriqu'l-Adhkár in `Ishqábád. | Hájí Muhammad-Taqi Afnan (Vakilud-Dawlih); Afnan; Báb, Family of; Vakilud-Dawlih; Mashriqu'l-Adhkár, Ishqabad; - Births and deaths; Ashgabat; Turkmenistan |
1831 – 1840 183- |
Egyptian occupation of `Akká. [BBR202; DH128; Colonialism, Nationalism and Jewish Immigration to Palestine:
Abdu'l-Baha's Viewpoints Regarding the Middle East by Kamran Ekbal p3, 20]
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History (general); `Abdu'lláh Páshá; Akka, Israel; Palestine; Israel; Egypt; Turkey |
c. 1831 183- |
Birth of Mírzá Yahyá (Subh-i-Azal), half brother of Bahá'u'lláh. | Mírzá Yahya (Subh-i-Azal); - Births and deaths; Bahá'u'lláh, Family of; Mazandaran, Iran; Iran |
1831 (In the year) 183- |
At the age of 12 Mulla Husayn finished his studies in Bushíhr and went to Mashhad, the most prestigious centre of religious study in Iran. In 1830-1 he relocated to Karbala to study under Siyyid Kázim. Mashhad is where the remains of the Eighth Imám, 'Alí Ibn Musa'r-Ridá are enshrined in the holiest Shi'ih site in Iran. [MH7-8; MH113] | Mulla Husayn; Siyyid Kazim-i-Rashti; Karbala, Iraq; Iraq; Mashhad, Iran; Bushihr, Iran; Iran |
1831 17 Jul 183- |
Birth of Násiri'd-Dín Mírzá, later Sháh. | Nasirid-Din Sháh; Qajar dynasty; - Births and deaths; Iran |
1831 29 Jul 183- |
Birth of Nabíl-i-A`zam, Muhammad-i-Zarandí, Apostle of Bahá'u'lláh. ["Nabil-e Aʿẓam Zarandi, Mollā Moḥammad," by Vahid Rafati, Encyclopædia Iranica] | Nabil-i-Azam; - Apostles of Bahá'u'lláh; - Births and deaths; Zarand, Iran; Iran |
1832 (In the year) 183- |
The first of the American missionaries went to Persia to explore the possibility of establishing a base for the activities of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions. The work of many others who succeeded him continued until 1934 when the government imposed regulations that drastically restricted the nature of their educational work in Iran. Although the missionaries were successful in educational and medical work they failed in their main objective, which was to evangelize not only Persia, but all of Asia. However, their schools, colleges and hospitals had contributed to the diffusion of western ideals and the standard of education. They established an educational system from the primary to the college level in a country that had no secular education system. [American Missionaries in Iran, 1834-1934 by Mansoori, Ahmad] iiiii | Christian missionaries; Iran |
1834 9 Sep 183- |
The end of the reign of Fath-`Alí Sháh and the accession of his grandson, Muhammad Sháh. [B7; BBD83, 164; BBR153, 482]
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Fath-`Alí Sháh; Muhammad Sháh; - Shahs; - Grand Viziers; - Prime Ministers of Iran; - Prime Ministers; Hájí Mírzá Aqasi; Iran, General history; Iran |
1835 (In the year) 183- |
Birth of Mírzá Áqá Ján-i-Kashání (Khadimu'lláh), Apostle of Bahá'u'lláh and His amanuensis. | Mírzá Aqa Jan (Khadimu'lláh); Amanuensis; - Apostles of Bahá'u'lláh; - Births and deaths |
1835 (In the year) 183- |
Birth of Hájí Siyyid Muhammad-Husayn, Mahbúbu'sh-Shuhadá' (`Beloved of Martyrs'), in Isfahán. | Mírzá Muhammad-Husayn (Beloved of Martyrs); King of Martyrs and Beloved of Martyrs; - Births and deaths; Isfahan, Iran; Iran |
1835 Oct 183- |
Marriage of Mírzá Husayn-`Alí (Bahá'u'lláh) to Ásíyih Khánum. [BKG23; RB1:382]
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* Bahaullah (chronology); Bahá'u'lláh, Wives of; Weddings; Navvab (Asiyih Khanum); * Bahá'u'lláh, Basic timeline; - Basic timeline, Expanded |
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