In Egypt, where citizens must indicate their religious affiliation on their identity card, those who are neither Muslims, Christians nor Jews, have to have a hyphen in this field. This category was created in 2009 after a legal struggle led by the Bahá'ís. In fact only a few Bahá'ís have been able to prove the religion of their parents belong to this "fourth category". It has been suggested to open up this choice to all citizens, including "atheists, agnostics or any unrecognized Church and belief. However, this step in favour of religious pluralism comes up against the conservatism of certain judges and politicians. [Paudal 12JAN2022]