1. n.d.. Wealth, Redistribution of. Bahá'u'lláh, Abdu'l-Bahá, Shoghi Effendi, Universal House of Justice, Universal House of Justice, Research Department, comp. . Extract from "Jurisprudence and the Distribution of Wealth" followed by compilation "The Redistribution of Wealth — Some Specific Measures." Compilations.
2. n.d.. Women: Equality and Peace. Peter J. Khan. Audio.
3. 2026-04. No Shaykh, No Slave: Anti-Structure and Egalitarian Mysticism in Tahirih's Liminal Poetics. Neha Mohajer. Tahirih’s poetry rejects clerical and social hierarchy, using liminal mystical imagery to envision equality, women’s emancipation, spiritual renewal, and communal justice. Articles.
4. 2026-02-27. Reconceptualizing Justice: Laying Foundations for a Gender-Equal World. Bahá'í International Community. A statement of the Bahá’í International Community to the 70th session of the Commission on the Status of Women. BIC.
5. 2026-02-27. Pour un nouveau concept de la justice: Jeter les bases d'un monde égalitaire. Bahá'í International Community, Pierre Spierckel, trans. . Une déclaration de la Communauté internationale bahá’íe à la 70e session de la Commission de la condition de la femme des Nations unies. BIC.
6. 2025-12-22. Expressions of Equality in the Family. Bahá'í World Centre. Short documentary, on how the principle of equality is reshaping patterns of life among several families in New Delhi. Video.
7. 2025-12. Negotiating Gender Equality among Pakistani Bahá'ís: A Qualitative Study. Saleha, Ayesha Zaka, Humaira Tehsin. Explores how Pakistani Bahá’ís negotiate religious ideals of gender equality within everyday life, revealing tensions between egalitarian beliefs and patriarchal social norms. Articles.
8. 2025-10. Why Only Men are Allowed on the Universal House of Justice. Jalal Sunstrum. A brief essay on why only men are allowed to be elected on the Universal House of Justice, from the perspective of one believer. Essays.
9. 2025-09. Principled Engagement: The Bahá'í Community of Iran's Approach to Social Change. Iqan Shahidi. Analyzes the Iranian Bahá’í community’s principled, non-adversarial engagement in social change, highlighting constructive resilience, community building, and non-political contributions despite persecution. Articles.
10. 2025-07. Bahá'í Sacred Writings. Bahá'u'lláh, Abdu'l-Bahá, Bahá'í World Centre, comp. . A comprehensive collection of selections from the Writings of Bahá’u’lláh and the Writings and utterances of ‘Abdu’l-Bahá, representing the range of the Bahá’í teachings. Writings.
11. 2025-04-21. Global Community, A. Bahá'í World. The global Bahá’í community advances unity, social transformation, and spiritual principles through systematic learning, community-building, and inclusive, grassroots action worldwide; overview of 1996–2021. Articles.
12. 2025-04-21. Women and Social Progress: Building Communities Based on Dynamic Partnership. Bahá'í World. Highlights the Bahá’í principle of gender equality, showing its spiritual basis and global application through education, leadership, and community action. Articles.
13. 2025-03-19. Regarding Family Life and Marriage. Universal House of Justice. Letter emphasizing the Bahá’í family’s role in fostering unity, equality, and spiritual growth, shaping communities, and resisting societal disintegration through service, education, and evolving family structures. UHJ-letters.
14. 2025. In Full Partnership: Thirty Years of Women's Advancement at the United Nations and Beyond. Bahá'í International Community. Collection of statements by the Bahá’í International Community on the subject of gender equality. Books.
15. 2024/2025. Four Scripts for Dramatic Readings on Holy Days. Jaine Toth. Scripts for Ridván and the martyrdom of the Báb blending storytelling, dramatic readings, poetry and music; one for the Birth of the Bab program without a dramatic reading; a piece on equality for any occasion like Women's History Month. Scripts.
16. 2024. Religious Perspectives on the Narratives of America: The Search for Just, Honest, Inclusive and Forward-looking Tellings. Audrey C. Price, ed, Selvi Adaikkalam Zabihi, ed. Eleven essays by contributors from different communities, exploring how religious insights can create an inclusive, empowering American narrative that fosters unity and racial justice across diverse communities. Books.
17. 2024. Presentations on Various Topics of Bahá'í Teachings. Mohammad Norozi. Eight presentations: references to the next Manifestation; equality in the writings of the Bab; listing Letters of the Living in order of conversion; Abdu'l-Bahá's love for Iran; Tablet of Unity; removal of the Sword with the Word; Ocean of Tenderness. Presentations.
18. 2023-2026. BWNS Podcasts: Conversations and Insights from the Field. Bahá'í World News Service. Links to 46 interviews highlighting how Bahá’í individuals and communities worldwide apply spiritual principles to education, governance, equality, and social transformation, fostering unity and the betterment of society. Video and audio available. Audio.
19. 2023-12. Literary Imitation in Three Poems Attributed to Tahirih Qurrat al-ʿAyn. Sahba Shayani. The poetry of Tahirih has largely been ignored by historians, partly from politico-religious intolerance, but also because of a lack of detailed information and primary sources; comparison of three of her most famous istiqbál poems. Articles.
20. 2023-08. To Set the World in Order: Building and Preserving Strong Marriages. Bahá'u'lláh, Abdu'l-Bahá, Shoghi Effendi, Universal House of Justice, Universal House of Justice, Research Department, comp. . The cause of unity; creating families that illuminate the world; the ideal milieu for learning the principles of consultation; addressing challenges. Compilations.
21. 2023-06. Báb on the Rights of Women, The. Siyamak Zabihi-Moghaddam. Statements of the Báb on issues such as mutʿah and tahlíl marriages, polygyny, bridal consent, divorce and spousal relations, and their significance for the rights of women in Muslim juridical opinions and social customs. Link to article (offsite). Articles.
22. 2023-02-12. Employment and Beyond: Drawing on the Capacities of All to Contribute to Society. Bahá'í International Community. A statement to the 61st session of the Commission for Social Development inspired by the changing nature of work over the coming decades. BIC.
23. 2023-01-08. Rising to the Challenge of Reconciliation. Roshan Danesh, Douglas White III. Analyzing the legacy of colonialism and racism in Canada and examining the profound, multifaceted process of social transformation that genuine reconciliation implies. Articles.
24. 2023. Harvard Pluralism Project: Bahá'í. Author unknown. Six overview essays on Bahá'í history, beliefs, and practices. (Offsite) Essays.
25. 2023. Bahá'í Faith and the Equality, Rights, and Advancement of Women, The: A Survey of Principles, Praxis, and Discourse. Wendi Momen. Equality of women and men; education, advancement, and rights of women and girls; their application within the Bahá’í community; Bahá'í individual and institutional efforts to influence the international discourse on women. Link to article (offsite). Articles.
26. 2023. Indonesian Bahá'í Community's Perspective on Gender Equality. Samsul Hidayat. On the concept of gender equality in Indonesian context from a Bahá'í perspective; Bahá'ís view gender differences only from biological factors; differences are due to the cultures of the people, not patriarchal ideology like in the Indonesian tradition. Articles.
27. 2022-2023. Concept Notes. Author unknown. 18 essays from the Office of Public Affairs of Bahá'ís of India website, on a variety of topics related to family, women, children, peace, equality, diversity, religion, culture, and the arts. Essays.
28. 2022-11-01. Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Nine Year Plan. Universal House of Justice. Matters relating to the Nine Year Plan (2022-2031), ethnic and cultural diversity, humanity's crisis of identity, prejudice, economic injustice, and Africa. UHJ-letters.
29. 2022-09. "And universal peace —"" in what Book is this written?": How and Why 'Abdu'l-Bahá Identified "New" and Distinctive Bahá'í Principles. Christopher Buck. Reflections on ‘Abdu’l-Bahá's answer to the question "What has Bahá’u’lláh brought that we have not heard before?" Introductory.
30. 2022-08-03. Pursuit of Social Justice, The. Michael Karlberg. An interdisciplinary examination of prevailing conceptions of human nature, power, social organization, and social change, and their implications for the pursuit of peace and justice. Articles.
31. 2021-11. Inheritance Laws of Bahá'í Community: A Gendered Analysis of Inheritance Under the Kitab-i-Aqdas and the Indian Succession Act. Ishita Kohli. Bahá'í laws create a symmetrical equality between sexes, via the principle of mutatis mutandis; the concept of private property and its effect on testamentary succession seen through a progressive and gender-neutral lens. Articles.
32. 2021-05-08. Reading Reality in Times of Crisis: 'Abdu'l-Bahá and the Great War. Amin E. Egea. How ‘Abdu’l-Bahá’s analysis of the crises of His time was profoundly distinct from contemporaneous “progressive” movements and thinkers. Articles.
33. 2021. Inheritance Laws of the Baha'i Community and Gender Equality. Sarthak Sharma. Examination of whether the Bahá'í Faith's teachings on gender-justice and equality are reflected in its inheritance laws and the Kitab-i-Aqdas; scholarly articles on this subject; comparison with Islamic provisions and law. Articles.
34. 2020-2026. Nuggets, The. Badi Shams. A newsletter written from a Bahá’í perspective consisting of inspiring stories, news, and history from the culture and wisdom of Canada's First Nations and all religions, contributing to making the world a better and united place. Essays.
35. 2020-10. Ambivalence of Hostility and Modification: Patriarchy's Ideological Negotiation With Women, Modernity and Cinema in Iran. Elnaz Nasehi. Passing mentions of the Bahá'í Faith in the context of how forces behind the Constitutional Revolution paved the way for the presence of women in public sphere and Iranian cinema. Articles.
36. 2020-09. Is Economic Justice Possible?: Toward a New Conception of the Equitable Distribution of Wealth and Income. Navid Sabet. Survey of the world's current economic condition, and on the implications of Bahá'í principles on the enormous challenge of building an economic system that is just, benefiting all of humanity. Articles.
37. 2020-07-22. Letter on Racial Prejudice in the United States. Universal House of Justice. Letter on need for American people to grasp the moment to create a reform of its social order related to racial prejudice, and the Bahá’í community’s distinctive contribution to the eradication of racism. UHJ-letters.
38. 2020-04-10. Writings of the Báb, The: Notes from Talks given by Dr. Nader Saiedi. Nader Saiedi, Anonymous, comp. . Structured summarized notes from Dr. Saiedi’s 2019 talks on the Báb’s Writings, delivered at the Swedish and Norwegian Bahá'í summer school 2019, highlighting key theological concepts and themes. Includes some provisional translations quoted in the talks. Talks.
39. 2020. Africanity, Womanism, and Constructive Resilience: Some Reflections. Layli Maparyan. The meanings of the metaphor "pupil of the eye;" experiences of growing up African-American in the West; overcoming cosmological negation; the African worldview on nature, humanity, and creation; gendered expressions of African culture. Articles.
40. 2019-09. Worldview and the Laws of the Bayán. Nader Saiedi. Explores the Persian Bayán's spiritual worldview and laws through four talks, offering insights into the Báb's Dispensation. Audio.
41. 2019. Two Books on the Life of Tahirih: Review. Catherine Nash. Reviews of Rejoice in My Gladness: The Life of Táhirih and The Calling: Táhirih of Persia and Her American Contemporaries. Reviews.
42. 2019. طاهره پیشتار آزادی زنان شرق (Tahirih: Forerunner of Women's Liberation in the East). Hussein Ahdieh. A biographical work on the life of Tahirih detailing significant moments including her early years, marriage, the murder of her uncle, the events at Badasht, and final years leading to her martyrdom. Features appendices including excerpts of her writings. Biographies.
43. 2019. Writings of the Báb: Lecture Series at the Norwegian Summer School. Nader Saiedi. On topics including the concept of God; Manifestations of God; Day of Resurrection, heaven and hell; the Imamate, the Hidden Imam; divine justice and free will; reason, independence; human rights, equality, women. Links to audio files, offsite. Audio.
44. 2018/2025. Additional Tablets, Extracts and Talks. Abdu'l-Bahá, Bahá'í World Centre, trans. . 216 selections, last updated 2025. Writings.
45. 2018/2024. Additional Tablets and Extracts from Tablets Revealed by Bahá'u'lláh. Bahá'u'lláh, Bahá'í World Centre, trans. . 85 selections, last updated August 2024. Writings.
46. 2018/2023. Economics and the Bahá'í Faith. Hooshmand Badee. On a vision of a just global economy rooted in unity, equity, justice and the oneness of humanity. Economic systems must serve the broader aim of human and societal advancement. Economics and spirituality are not enemies but partners. Books.
47. 2018. Power and the Bahá'í community. Moojan Momen. While Bahá'í social teachings may have sounded new and exciting a century ago, that is no longer the case today. The problem the world faces is not in the principles that would lead to a better society, but in their application. Articles.
48. 2018. New Directions for Economics. Gregory C. Dahl. How spiritual principles can be applied to economic life; Bahá'ís are called to concern themselves with the inequalities in the world and bring their personal lives and the actions of their communities more in line with principles of compassion. Articles.
49. 2018. Bahá'u'lláh and Peace: A Series of Four Talks. Nader Saiedi. Talks at the Santa Monica Baha’i Center in California on four areas within the context of Baha'u'llah's Revelation that relate to peace, and how Baha'u'llah reconstructs the concepts of victory, mystical poetry, interpretation, and the temple. Audio.
50. 2017-2020. List of Articles by Nader Saiedi on BahaiTeachings.org. Nader Saiedi. Links to 40 essays about Baha'i teachings on spiritual unity, justice, freedom, democracy, and global peace, critiquing materialism, nationalism, and advocating societal reform. Essays.
51. 2017-03-03. Toward Prosperity: The Role of Women and Men in Building a Flourishing World Civilization. Bahá'í International Community. Calls for gender equality, moral education, and inclusive systems to build a just, prosperous world civilization through the equal partnership of women and men. BIC.
52. 2017. Calling, The: Tahirih of Persia and Her American Contemporaries. Hussein Ahdieh, Hillary Chapman. Simultaneous, powerful spiritual movements swept across both Iran and the U.S in the mid-1800s. On the life and martyrdom of Tahirih; the 1848 Seneca Falls Convention and the conference of Badasht; spiritualism and suffrage. Books.
53. 2016-03-17. Demographics of the United States National Spiritual Assembly. Archives Office of the United States Bahá'í National Center. Percentage of women, African-Americans, Native Americans, Asian Americans, and Latino Americans serving on the U.S. and Canadian NSAs from 1922-2015. Statistics.
54. 2016. Men and the Bahá'í Faith: The Role of Indigenous Men in the Early Bahá'í Community in the British Isles. Lil Osborn. Includes slide-show included when presenting the paper at the Bahá'í Studies Seminar, Kellogg College, Oxford (July 2016). Articles-unpublished.
55. 2015/2025. Principles of Spiritual Economics: A Compilation from the Bahá'í Writings. Hooshmand Badee, comp. A book-length compilation, in 38 chapters, from the writings of Bahá’u’lláh, The Báb, ‘Abdu’l-Bahá, Shoghi Effendi, and the Universal House of Justice on the relationship between economics and 33 sub-topics. Compilations-personal.
56. 2015. Women and Wisdom in Scripture. Baharieh Rouhani Ma'ani. Treatment of women in religion; influence of Bahá'í teachings in raising awareness about the plight of women and transforming attitudes across the globe; role of linguistic biases in degrading their status; role of wisdom in achieving gender equality. Articles.
57. 2015. Emblems of Faithfulness: Pluralism in Meaning and Beauty in the Ordinary. Helen Cheng, Catherine Nash. Memorials of the Faithful is notable for the diversity of personalities described, and the sheer ordinariness of many of those remembered lives. These two aspects of the text highlight some of the broader questions raised by the Bahá'í Faith. Articles.
58. 2015. Theses on Modernity and the Bahá'í Faith. Mikhail Sergeev. On how new religious movements respond to modernity; cycles of religion; project of modernity; culture vs. civilization; the Bahá'í extension of modernity; Bahá'í departure from modernity; separation of religion and state. Articles.
59. 2014-12-18. To the Bahá'ís in Iran. Universal House of Justice. Emphasizes Mashriqu’l-Adhkár’s integration of worship and service, urging Bahá’ís in Iran to foster unity, resilience, and societal progress through prayer and action. UHJ-letters.
60. 2014. Fifty Bahá'í Principles of Unity: A Paradigm of Social Salvation. Christopher Buck. World religions are systems of salvation, liberation, or harmony, in direct response to the perceived human predicament. To Baha’is, this predicament is profound estrangement and the solution is world unity, from family to international relations. Articles.
61. 2014. Text and Context in the Bahá'í Heroic Age. Nader Saiedi. A series of 12 talks by Nader Saiedi exploring Bahá'í history, key writings, and the need for scholarly study, translation, and contextual analysis of Bahá'í texts. Audio.
62. 2013-12-22. Confinement of the Membership of the Universal House of Justice to Men, The. Universal House of Justice. Affirms gender equality in the Bahá’í Faith, while upholding men's exclusive eligibility for the Universal House of Justice as divinely ordained but unexplained. UHJ-letters.
63. 2013-06. Searching for May Maxwell: Bahá'í Millennial Feminism, Transformative Identity and Globalism in the New World Order. Selena M. Crosson. On forces influencing and shaping womens' roles in early Bahá’i culture, 1898-1940. A group of Western women, associated with Maxwell through ties of faith and friendship, was one of the first to establish a transnational feminist reform network. Theses.
64. 2013. Mary Magdalene: Lioness of God in the Bahá'í Faith. Lil Osborn. On the symbolic role of Mary Magdalene in the Baha’i tradition as a female archetype in the context of the doctrine of "return," and thus linked to the poet Tahirih, heroine of the Babi-Baha’i dispensation. Articles-unpublished.
65. 2013. Abdu'l-Baha's 1912 Howard University Speech: A Civil War Myth for Interracial Emancipation. Christopher Buck. Overview of the event, press coverage, publications of the speech, the Emancipation Proclamation "myth" and its historical influence, the role of whites, and the rhetoric of progress. Articles.
66. 2013. Next Stage, The. Douglas Martin. Bahá'í scholars find themselves at a stage in the Faith’s development where they must construct a discourse that is free of "haughty intellectualism." The Association for Bahá’í Studies can help promote the Bahá'í cause to institutions of higher learning. Articles.
67. 2012-02-10. Public Discourse on Race: Abdu'l-Bahá's 1912 Howard University Speech. Christopher Buck. Presentation at Louhelen Bahá’í School on ‘Abdu’l-Bahá and the black intelligentsia, his views of the Civil War and the Emancipation Proclamation, and his message to African Americans and the "Whites." Presentations.
68. 2012. 'Abdu'l-Bahá's Encounter with Modernity during His Western Travels. Wendi Momen. Abdu'l-Bahá's responses to the West's technology and innovations on the one hand, vs. its archaic racist and sexual philosophies on the other. Articles.
69. 2011-04-15. What Do Bahá'ís Believe about Gender?. Gleibys L. Buchanan. Bahá'ís believe that gender equality must be manifested as a social reality. Newspapers.
70. 2011-03-19. Fasting period ends Sunday. Ted Slavin. The Fast helps us remember the goals of eradicating poverty and achieving gender equality. Newspapers.
71. 2011-03-02. Discussion with Farida Vahedi, Executive Director of the Department of External Affairs, National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of India, A. Michael Bodakowski, Katherine Marshall. Overview of Vahedi's life and work, history of the Faith in India and development projects, the Institute for Studies in Global Prosperity, and issues regarding migration and protection of women and girls. Biographies.
72. 2011. Preparing Bahá'í Communities in the East and West to Embrace Gender Equality. Baharieh Rouhani Ma'ani. The way Abdu'l-Bahá dealt with the matter of gender equality, some of his writings revealed in honor of the Bahá’í women in Iran and North America, and the practical ways he educated Bahá'í men to accept women as their equals. Articles.
73. 2011. Women in the works of the Bab and in the Babi Movement. Moojan Momen. Brief excerpt, with link to article offsite. Encyclopedia.
74. 2011. Why There are No Women in the Universal House of Justice. Vladimir Chupin. Upon learning that it is forbidden to elect women to the Universal House of Justice, many people become puzzled, given the Faith's strong emphasis on the equality of the sexes. This essay offers some perspectives. Essays.
75. 2011. Native American Vision and the Teachings of 'Abdu'l-Baha. Paula Bidwell. Presentation addressing issues of concern to Native Americans, cast in the light of statements of Abdu'l-Bahá from his 1912 visit to the United States. Presentations.
76. 2010-08-13. Rethinking Women's Nature. Deborah Clark Vance. Presentations.
77. 2010-04-02. To the Believers in the Cradle of the Faith. Universal House of Justice. Regarding subjects such as family life, wealth, materialism, and justice. UHJ-letters.
78. 2009-2025. Translation List: Provisional Translations of Baháʼí Texts. Adib Masumian, trans. Index to talks, letters, and other items translated from Persian and Arabic to English by Adib Masumian; listed here for the sake of search engines and tagging. Bibliographies.
79. 2009-12-08. Advancing Toward the Equality of Women and Men. Institute for Studies in Global Prosperity. Issues that lie at the heart of the struggle for the equality of women and men, via the Institute’s efforts to generate systematic learning and gain new insights, in collaboration with others. [Link to PDF, offsite.] Essays.
80. 2009-11-24. To the Believers in the Cradle of the Faith. Universal House of Justice. Regarding the family and its role in the advancement of civilization. UHJ-letters.
81. 2008-11. Revolution without Rights?, A: Women, Kurds and Baha'is searching for equality in Iran. Geoffrey Cameron, Tahirih Danesh. Discussion from the Foreign Policy Centre in London on the religious, legal, and social obstacles to equality faced by women, Bahá'ís, and Kurds in Iran; comparing the experiences of these groups; evaluating actions of the Iranian government (91 pages) Books.
82. 2008-02-01. Mobilizing Institutional, Legal and Cultural Resources to Achieve Gender Equality. Bahá'í International Community. The central role of girls and women in human development; the need to end the cultural, institutional, and legal obstacles towards their progress and all forms of discrimination against them. BIC.
83. 2008. Reflections of a Human Spirit in a Male Body. William S. Hatcher. Includes discussions of the nature of patriarchy, chauvinism, and feminism. Articles-unpublished.
84. 2008. Family Life. Shoghi Effendi, Universal House of Justice, Universal House of Justice, Research Department, comp. . Extracts on preserving the bond between husband and wife, parent-child relationships and responsibilities, and enhancing family life. Compilations.
85. 2007-03. Shoghi Effendi and Social Justice. Jack McLean. The term "social justice” has been used by many engaged groups as a rhetorical tool to obtain more equitable transformations of the social order. To the Guardian and the later Bahá'í Administration, it is a Divine justice at heart. Encyclopedia.
86. 2007. In search of Martha Root: An American Bahá'í feminist and peace advocate in the early twentieth century. Jiling Yang. Early life of Root, her four world teaching trips from 1919 to 1939 with a focus on peace advocacy, and gender and identity reflections on Tahirih. Link to thesis (offsite). Theses.
87. 2007. Bushido (Chivalry) and the Traditional Japanese Moral Education. Nozomu Sonda. Japanese virtues explained by Nitobe in 1900 in comparison with the Bahá'í perspective on moral education. Articles.
88. 2006-07-02. Beyond Legal Reforms: Culture and Capacity in the Eradication of Violence Against Women and Girls. Bahá'í International Community. Statement on the epidemic of violence against women around the world, as perpetuated by social norms, religious fanaticism, and economic and political exploitation; necessary educational objectives and legal frameworks. BIC.
89. 2006. Equality of Women and Men: The Experience of the Bahá'í Community of Canada, by Deborah and Will van den Hoonaard: Review. Lynn Echevarria-Howe (published as Lynn Echevarria). Reviews.
90. 2005. One Common Faith. Universal House of Justice. Examines humanity’s spiritual crisis, critiques materialism and religious division, and affirms religion as a progressive, unifying force essential for moral development and global civilization. UHJ-documents.
91. 2005. Changing Reality: The Bahá'í Community and the Creation of a New Reality. Moojan Momen. The Bahá’í teachings criticize the socially created realities of warfare, environmental destruction, and the subordination of women, lower social classes and ethnic minorities, instead promoting a vision of global solidarity and individual worth. Articles.
92. 2004-07-17. Justice and Equality – a basis for change in our troubled world. Layli Miller-Muro. Transcript of the talk given at the 5th annual Margaret Stevenson Memorial Dinner and Lecture, July 17 2004. Talks.
93. 2004-04. Faith, Theory, and Practice: Interracial Marriage as a Symbol of the Oneness of Humanity. Benjamin Leiker. Theses.
94. 2004. Bahá'í Ethics: Answers to 55 Questions Submitted by Arthur Dobrin. Dianne Bradford, Fiona Missaghian, Udo Schaefer, Robert Stockman, Jonah Winters, comp. . Answers to questions submitted in preparation for a source book in religious ethics for a college course at Hofstra University, New York, fall 2001. Essays.
95. 2004. Qourrèt-oul-Aíne [Qurratu'l-`Ayn]. A. L. M. Nicolas, Peter Terry, trans. . First publication in English translation of early accounts of the life and death of Táhirih. These passages are from Seyyed Ali Mohammad dit le Bab (1905) by A.-L.-M. Nicolas, French diplomat and author. Biographies.
96. 2003/2008/2018/2023. For the Betterment of the World: The Worldwide Bahá'í Community's Approach to Social and Economic Development. Office of Social and Economic Development. Essays, photographs, and overviews of local projects around the world, illustrating how Bahá'í principles are being carried out in practice, prepared by the Office of Social and Economic Development of the Bahá'í International Community. Introductory.
97. 2003-09. Social Justice, Wealth Equity and Gender Equality: Bahá'ís and non-Bahá'ís of Alberta. Leslie William Kuzyk. Bahá'í theology takes distinctive positions on wealth distribution and gender equality. These issues are causal factors in a more just model of society. A social survey establishes empirically whether a Bahá'í population differs from common society. Theses.
98. 2003-09. Usuli, Akhbari, Shaykhi, Babi: The Tribulations of a Qazvin Family. Moojan Momen. The emergence of the Usuli school in the evolution of Shi'is jurisprudence and theology in 18th and 19th-century Iran, viewed through the lens of the Baraghani family as it faced schisms of the Akhbari, Shaykhi, and Bábí movements. Articles.
99. 2003. Zaynab. John Walbridge, Reina Pennington, ed. . Brief biography of a female Bábí fighter. Encyclopedia.
100. 2002-07-25. Materials Provided by the Bahá'í World Centre on Gender in the Writings, and Matters of Translation. Abdu'l-Bahá, Shoghi Effendi, Universal House of Justice. A collection of letters about gender pronouns in Writings, a compilation concerning the translations of Shoghi Effendi, the literary style of translation, and guidance on translating the Writings into indigenous languages. Compilations.
101. 2002-07-25. Use of Masculine Pronouns and Images. Universal House of Justice, Research Department. Overview of the use of gender terms in language, and a "cover letter" introduction to four compilations prepared by the Bahá'í World Centre which were attached to the cover letter. UHJ-letters.
102. 2002-04. Community Development Using Spiritually Based Indicators in the South African Bahá'í Community. Farzin Aghdasi, Abbas Shaker. On creating measures to assess development progress through the perspective of five ethical and spiritual principles: unity in diversity equity and justice; equality of the sexes; trustworthiness and moral leadership; independent investigation of truth. Articles-unpublished.
103. 2002. Use of the Masculine Gender in the Bahá'í Writings, The: Extracts from Letters Written By and on Behalf of the Universal House of Justice. Universal House of Justice, Research Department, comp. Extracts from letters from the House of Justice from 1981-1999 on general principles in relation to this subject and the Bahá'í perspective on it. Compilations.
104. 2001-06-25. HIV/AIDS and Gender Equality: Transforming Attitudes and Behaviors. Bahá'í International Community. Addressing HIV/AIDS requires transforming gender attitudes, empowering women, engaging men, and mobilizing faith communities to promote equality, compassion, and responsible sexual attitudes. BIC.
105. 2001. Equality and Baha'i Principles in Northern Ireland. Edwin Graham. A paper in two parts: (1) the development of equality legislation in Northern Ireland, and (2) the Bahá’í Teachings in relation to equality and the extent to which Northern Irish legislation applies or does not apply them. Articles.
106. 2001. Dialogue between Yin-Yang Concepts and the Bahá'í Faith, The. Phyllis Ghim-Lian Chew. Yin-yang, a pivotal theory in Chinese thought influencing government, architecture, relationships, and ethics, has many similarities with the Bahá’í Faith, including the origin of matter, the nature of history, man-woman relationships, and health. Articles.
107. 2001. Competing for the Oneness Of Mankind: The Influence of the Bahá'í Faith on the Olympic Games. Kiser Barnes. The influence of the Bahá'í Faith on the Olympic Games and how it relates to the principle of the oneness of mankind. Articles.
108. 2001. Gender Equality Based on the Teachings of the Bahá'í Faith, and its Application in Southern Africa. Farhad Aghdasi. The nature of prejudice; the role of religion in advancement of women; the first educator; tradition and culture; the William Mmutle Masetlha Foundation; education programs; the practice of consultation and gender equality in Bahá'í communities. Articles-unpublished.
109. 2000/2012/2017. Four Talks on Some Bahá'í Principles. Jaine Toth. Four talks on the Bahá´í teachings and the arts: A Place for Art; Faith, Art, and Spirituality; Race Unity Day; and The World of Humanity has Two Wings. Essays.
110. 2000-09-24. Millennium Forum. Universal House of Justice. UHJ-letters.
111. 2000. Rewriting the Script: Some thoughts on gender roles and the Bahá'í Teachings. Sonja van Kerkhoff. A collection of visual and physical art exploring these themes. Personal.
112. 2000. Promoting the Equality of Women and Men: The Role of the Covenant. Janet A. Khan. The implementation of the principle of gender equality; the application of relevant Bahá’í law, including progressive clarification and application, the principle of convergence, and the exercise of restraint, all so as to ensure enduring change. Articles.
113. 1999/2020. Feminist Movements in the Late Qajar Period. Janet Afary, et al.. Brief excerpt, with link to article offsite. Encyclopedia.
114. 1999-10. Advancement of Women: A Bahá'í Perspective, by Janet and Peter Khan: Transforming the roles of women and men, a Review. Veronica Shoffstall. Reviews.
115. 1999. Selected Topics of Comparison in Christianity and the Bahá'í Faith. Peter Mazal. Comparison of Bahá'í and Christian morality, archetypal events and people (e.g. the ideal woman) in early Christian and Bábí-Bahá'í history plus concepts of Christ (Christology) and the Messiah compared to Prophets, Messengers and Manifestations of God. Theses.
116. 1999. Spiritual Oppression in Frankenstein. Phyllis Sternberg Perrakis. Comparing Shelley’s depiction of a spiritual malaise in Frankenstein with Bahá’u’lláh’s definition in the Kitáb-i-Íqán of the oppression experienced at the end of a reigning spiritual dispensation by the soul who seeks God but does not know where to look. Articles.
117. 1999. Bahá'í Faith and the Singapore Women's Movement, The: Challenges for the Next Millennium. Phyllis Ghim-Lian Chew. On the relationship between religion and the fight for women's rights after the founding of the Singapore Council of Women; the interplay between gender, religion and the women's movement; challenges for the next millennium with regards to equality. Articles.
118. 1998/2008. National Spiritual Assembly members who are women, Percentage of, 1953-2007. Bahá'í World Centre. Two letters from the House, with attached tables, showing the number of women serving on NSAs 1953-1993, 1987-1997, and 1997-2007. Includes graphs showing numbers and percent of women serving on NSAs by continental region. UHJ-letters.
119. 1998-12. African Culture, Traditional, Aspects of. Universal House of Justice, Universal House of Justice, Research Department, comp. . Challenges and opportunities in the African continent; eliminating prejudices; dance and music; alcohol; hunting; initiation rites; the supernatural; tribal leadership; status of women. Compilations.
120. 1998-02. Ruptured Spaces and Effective Histories: The Unveiling of the Babi Poetess Qurrat al-'Ayn-Tahirih in the Gardens of Badasht. Negar Mottahedeh. Implications of Tahirih's revolutionary act at Badasht in terms of a decisive break with Islamic history; also Shaykh Abu Turab's recollections of the event and his literary role in Nabil's Dawn-Breakers. Articles.
121. 1998. Mutilated Body of the Modern Nation: Qurrat al-'Ayn's Unveiling and the Persian Massacre of the Bábís. Negar Mottahedeh. A Freudian interpretation of the extreme antipathy underlying common Iranian opposition to the Babis/Bahá'ís as being disruptive symbols of destabilizing modernism, with the stories of Qurratu'l-'Ayn's public unveiling a central element.    Articles.
122. 1998. Seed of Creation: A philosophical approach towards the status of Universal House of Justice in respect to Baha'i concept of creation. Ahmad Aniss. A philosophical approach towards the status of Universal House of Justice in respect to Bahá'í concept of creation. Articles-unpublished.
123. 1998. Seneca Falls First Woman's Rights Convention of 1848: The Sacred Rites of the Nation. Bradford W. Miller. Explores parallels between the Seneca Fails First Woman’s Rights Convention in the USA and the Badasht Conference in Iran, both in July 1848, in terms of the emancipation of women. Articles.
124. 1998. Preliminary Survey of the Bahá'í Community of Iran during the Nineteenth Century, A. Moojan Momen. On the early growth and consolidation of the Bahá'í community in Iran; its membership and social and geographical composition; persecution; institutional developments; communications with Bahá'u'lláh; the conversion of Jews and Zoroastrians; women. Articles.
125. 1998. Creating Intimacy: In the Community and With the Seeker. Phyllis K. Peterson. On how intimacy in the Bahá'í community can be created, using Bahá’í scriptures as guideline. We hunger for intimacy, which is a prerequisite for friendship and a key principle in teaching. Cases drawn from experiences of people who feel psychically hurt. Articles-unpublished.
126. 1998. Advancement of Women: A Bahá'í Perspective. Peter J. Khan, Janet A. Khan. Explores Bahá’í teachings on gender equality, women’s education, family transformation, moral dignity, and how equal partnership between sexes advances peace and society. Books.
127. 1997-09-02. Meetings for women only. International Teaching Centre. It is acceptable and perhaps even sometimes necessary for Bahá'ís to hold gender-segregated meetings. UHJ-letters.
128. 1997-03-30. Women on the House of Justice; meaning of "Umumi". Universal House of Justice. Clarifies that 'Abdu'l-Bahá, in a tablet to Corinne True, indeed refers to the Universal House of Justice when affirming that membership is confined to men only. Includes a portion of Corinne True's original query to 'Abdu'l-Bahá. UHJ-letters.
129. 1997. Two Wings of a Bird: The Equality of Women and Men. National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of the United States. The emancipation of women, the achievement of full equality between the sexes, is essential to human progress and the transformation of society. NSA-letters.
130. 1997. Effect of Philosophical and Linguistic Gender Biases on the Degradation of Women's Status in Religion, The. Baharieh Rouhani Ma'ani. Women’s rights have been undermined for centuries; philosophical and linguistic gender-related biases and their effect on the degradation of women’s status in religion; suggestions for eradicating the causes of inequality in order to hasten world unity. Articles.
131. 1997. Bahá'u'lláh and Liberation Theology. Juan Cole. The idea of liberation and equality is central to Bahá'í theology; the poor in the 19th century Middle East; Bahá'u'lláh and the poor; Tablet to the Kings on wealth and peace; laws of the Kitáb-i-Aqdas and Huququ'lláh; state social welfare. Articles.
132. 1996-06-27. Monogamy, Sexual Equality, Marital Equality, and the Supreme Tribunal. Universal House of Justice. Questions about monogamy, the Supreme Tribunal, and the Bahá'í concept of equality of the sexes in light of some Bahá'í laws and history which appear to undermine it UHJ-letters.
133. 1996-06. Sustainable Communities in an Integrating World. Bahá'í International Community. Concept paper prepared for the Second United Nations Conference on Human Settlements (Habitat II) held in Istanbul, Turkey. BIC.
134. 1996. Messages from the Universal House of Justice 1963-1986: Third Epoch of the Formative Age. Universal House of Justice, Geoffrey W. Marks, comp. . Books.
135. 1996. Husband and Wife, Relationship between. Universal House of Justice. The "functional" divisions between husband and wife in the Bahá'í Writings should be considered in the light of the general principle of equality between the sexes. UHJ-letters.
136. 1996. Universality of the Laws of the Kitáb-i-Aqdas, The. Bijan Samali. The laws of the Aqdas focus on the individual; are applicable to everyone; facilitate the realisation of the oneness of human race; ensure the equality of the sexes; are adaptable to cultural diversities; and call for the elimination of all prejudices. Articles.
137. 1996. Feminism, Men and the Bahá'í Faith. Morgan Wilson. Separate reflections on feminism and on men and the Bahá'í Faith. The challenges faced by each are acknowledged and the need for a balance between the two asserted. Articles.
138. 1996. Information Technology Strategies for the Promotion of Gender Equality. Andrew Stranieri. Equal opportunity of women and men is best achieved if both genders embrace the changes now occurring in communication and information use. Essays.
139. 1995-04. Inheritance Laws of the Kitab-i-Aqdas. Sen McGlinn. Conceptualizing the Kitab-i Aqdas as establishing a fixed and elaborate set of laws and requirements is misplaced; even in the most central issues there has been a radical development in Bahá'í law. Articles-unpublished.
140. 1995. Considerations Relating to the Inheritance Laws of the Kitab-i-Aqdas, Some. Sen McGlinn. Gender distinctions in the Bahá'í inheritance laws might at first glance seem to favor male heirs, but the laws actually create a symmetrical equality. Articles.
141. 1995. Requisites for Family Unity: The Role of the Father in the Family. Safoura Chittleborough. The importance of the family as a whole in child-rearing and the negative consequences of family breakdown. Articles.
142. 1995. Role of the Father in the Family, The. Graeme Russell. Practical steps to enhance the role of fathers in the family. Essays.
143. 1995. Affirmative Action and the Jurisprudence of Equitable Inclusion: Towards a New Consensus on Gender and Race Relations. Steven Gonzales. The principle of equity and the Bahá’í emphasis on unity in diversity as a basis for considering Affirmative Action in relationship to remedying past injustices to women and minorities. Articles.
144. 1995. Role of the Feminine in the Bahá'í Faith, The. Ross Woodman. On the terms 'Masculine' and 'Feminine' as referring to 2 interdependent energies at work within the Manifestation of God and throughout creation, including the human individual; the important role of the 'Feminine' principle in the Bahá’í Faith. Articles.
145. 1995. Bahá'í Cosmological Symbolism and the Ecofeminist Critique. Michael W. Sours. Constituents of Bahá'í cosmological symbolism; introduction to the main feminist/environmentalist arguments; eschatological character of Bahá'í cosmological symbolism; Bahá'í eschatology provides answers to many feminist and ecological objections. Articles.
146. 1994. Inheritance. Seena Fazel. The apparent contradiction between sexual equality and the unequal inheritance laws contained in the Aqdas. Essays.
147. 1994. In All the Ways that Matter, Women Don't Count. Moojan Momen. The Bahá'í goal of achieving sexual equality cannot be achieved merely by trying to advance the position of women in society, but rather society itself must be "feminized." Articles.
148. 1994. Sex, Gender, and New Age Stereotyping. Lata Ta'eed. Advocates the abolishing of culturally produced differences between men and women and challenges gender inconsistencies inherent in many Bahá'í discussions. Articles.
149. 1994. Unclipping the Wings: A Survey of Secondary Literature in English on Bahá'í Perspectives on Women. Trevor R. J. Finch. Annotated bibliography of Bahá'í perspectives on women and women's issues. Articles.
150. 1994. Bahá'í Faith and Peace Psychology, The: The Potential for Science and Religion to Collaborate. Rhett Diessner. On the potential for Bahá’í peace initiatives, coupled with empirical peace psychology approaches, regarding: ethnicity and peace, feminism and peace, and peace and education. Articles.
151. 1993/2000/2013. True Foundation of All Economics, The. Bahá'u'lláh, Abdu'l-Bahá, Shoghi Effendi, Universal House of Justice, Hooshmand Badee, comp. . Book-length compilation ordered by chapters covering 26 themes on the economy, welfare, development, women's employment, work ethics, morality, agriculture, extremes of wealth and poverty, profit-sharing, health and alcohol, consultation. Compilations-personal.
152. 1993-11-23. Violence Against Women and Children. Universal House of Justice. Bahá’í principles on violence, sexual abuse, family dynamics, gender equality, consultation, child discipline, and community protection. UHJ-letters.
153. 1993. Kitab-i-Aqdas: Its Place in Bahá'í literature. Bahá'í World Centre Office of Public Information. Offers a broad introduction to the Aqdas and its themes. Essays.
154. 1993. "In the Beginning Was the Word": Apocalypse and the Education of the Soul. Ross Woodman. Hidden meanings in scripture and the soul are metaphorically identified with the huris, or brides. The bridegroom, Bahá'ulláh, enters union as the marriage of the Manifestation with the Maid of Heaven, who releases the Logos and the newly created soul. Articles.
155. 1992-02-23. Goddess Religion, Ancient. Universal House of Justice. Ancient goddess religions and the role of the feminine in theology. UHJ-letters.
156. 1992. Rights and Responsibilities in the Bahá'í Family System. Hoda Mahmoudi, Richard Dabell. Duties ascribed in the Bahá’í teachings to the members of the family; complementary functions of women and men; the institution of marriage and family is fundamental in the development of a new society and global civilization based on equality and unity. Articles.
157. 1992. "Tahirih: A Religious Paradigm of Womanhood," by Susan Stiles Maneck: Commentary. Janet Cundall. Reviews.
158. 1991-11. Mujeres y Hombres, Una Sociedad para un Planeta Saludable. Bahá'í International Community. Exposición presentada al "World Women's Congress for a Healthy Planet", Miami, Florida, 8-12 Noviembre, 1991. BIC.
159. 1991. Family Life. The Báb, Bahá'u'lláh, Abdu'l-Bahá, Shoghi Effendi. Compilations.
160. 1991. Women. Bahá'u'lláh, Abdu'l-Bahá, Shoghi Effendi, Universal House of Justice, Universal House of Justice, Research Department, comp. . Explores the status of women in the world, the development of women, the role of education in that development, the Bahá'í concept of gender equality and the application of that principle to family life. Includes bibliography of related Bahá'í literature. Compilations.
161. 1991. Vision of Race Unity: America's Most Challenging Issue. National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of the United States. A formal statement from the US NSA on "the most challenging issue confronting America." NSA-letters.
162. 1991. "Exploring Male Oppressions from a Family-Systems Perspective": Commentary and Response. Hoda Mahmoudi, Janet Huggins. Essays.
163. 1991. Interdependence of Bahá'í Communities, The: Services of North American Bahá'í Women to Iran. Baharieh Rouhani Ma'ani. Some early American Bahá’í women’s contribution to the development of the Iranian Bahá’í community. Articles.
164. 1991. Commentary on "Equality of Women: The Bahá'í Principle of Complementarity," by Linda O'Neil: Response. Nancy Lease. Reviews.
165. 1990-01. Tahirih and Women's Suffrage. Universal House of Justice. Two letters on Táhirih's association with women's suffrage, and the authenticity of the words "You can kill me as soon as you like, but you cannot stop the emancipation of women". UHJ-letters.
166. 1990. Equality of Women, The: The Bahá'í Principle of Complementarity. John S. Hatcher. The Bahá’í teachings simultaneously assert the equality of men and women whilst advocating in some cases distinct duties according to gender. This seems paradoxical, but there can be gender distinction without inequality in status or function.  Articles.
167. 1989. Role of the Feminine in the New Era, The. Marion Woodman. The  unveiled feminine, symbolized by the unveiling of the Persian poet Táhirih at the conference of Badasht in 1848, announces a long-awaited coming of age or psychic integration. Articles.
168. 1989. Táhirih: A Religious Paradigm of Womanhood. Susan Maneck (published as Susan Stiles Maneck). Táhirih, the Bahá'í archetypal paradigm of womanhood, is remembered by Bahá’ís as the courageous, eloquent, and assertive religious innovator whose actions severed the early Bábís from Islam completely. Articles.
169. 1989. Badasht. Moojan Momen. Brief excerpt, with link to article offsite. Encyclopedia.
170. 1988-09. Integracion de la mujer en el desarrollo enocomico y social de America Latina y el Caribe, La. Bahá'í International Community. Revisión y evaluación crítica de algunos aspectos de la condición de la mujer en la region, incluso su integración en el mercado laboral, mujeres jefes de familia y el papel de la mujer en el comercio en el Caribe. BIC.
171. 1988-05-31. Women on the Universal House of Justice. Universal House of Justice. Response to a paper presented at a Bahá'í Studies conference which raised the possibility that women could one day be eligible for membership on the Universal House of Justice. UHJ-letters.
172. 1988-05-31. Elegibilidad de las Mujeres en la Casa Universal de Justicia. Universal House of Justice, Cortesía, trans. . UHJ-letters.
173. 1988. Perceiving Differences: A Look at Gender and Equality. Mark Brush. Observations on what Richard DeNovellis' "Personality Type Preference Indicator" tests show about ages and genders; laws of nature vs. laws of God. Articles.
174. 1988. Condicion juridica y social de la mujer, La. Bahá'í International Community. BIC.
175. 1988. Lights of Guidance: A Bahá'í Reference File. Bahá'u'lláh, Abdu'l-Bahá, Shoghi Effendi, Universal House of Justice, Helen Bassett Hornby, comp. . The classic Bahá'í reference book. This is its first online edition. Compilations-personal.
176. 1988. "The active force and that which is its recipient". Betty Hoff Conow (published as Betty Conow). Metaphysics of gender and the Lawh-i-Hikmat; universal spiritualism; social indoctrination of gender roles. Essays.
177. 1987. Equal Circles, by Peggy Caton: Review. Shiva Tavana. Reviews.
178. 1987. Question of Gender, A: A Forum on the Status of Men in Bahá'í Law. Susan Maneck (published as Susan Stiles Maneck), Baharieh Rouhani Ma'ani, R. Jackson Armstrong-Ingram, Anthony Lee. Six authors address issues of theology, sociology, law, inheritance, equality, the Kitáb-i-Aqdas, marriage, and feminism raised by John and Linda Walbridge's article "Bahá'í Laws on the Status of Men" (World Order 1984). Articles.
179. 1987. Spiritual Inheritors, The. Bahíyyih Nakhjavání. Reflections on growing up Bahá'í, and a report on a conference about capturing the power of the Six Year Plan to focus attention on the role of women in establishing global peace, the destiny of the women of North America, and equality of sexes. Essays.
180. 1986-10-27. Places Where the Manifestations of God Have Appeared; Equality of Men and Women. Universal House of Justice. The consistent portrayal of all known Manifestations of God as male and their historical emergence exclusively in the East; the equality of men and women; on soul mates. UHJ-letters.
181. 1986. Munirih Khanum: Memoirs and Letters. Munirih Khanum, Sammireh Anwar Smith, trans. . Autobiography of Khanum (1847-1938), the wife of Abdu'l-Bahá. Includes the arrangements for her marriage, her travel to Akka, her time with the wife of the Bab, and memorial letters written on the anniversaries of the passing of Abdu'l-Bahá. Books.
182. 1986. Sexual Equality in the Bahá'í Community. Shiva Tavana. Women are oppressed minorities who often feel isolated, even in Bahá'í communities. Bahá'ís need to explore new models of family life. Includes statistics on the percentages of female members of Bahá'í institutions. Essays.
183. 1985-07-15. Activities in the Bahá'í World Community to Improve the Status of Women during the United Nations Decade for Women. Bahá'í International Community. Report presented to the World Conference to Review and Appraise the Achievements of the United Nations Decade for Women: Equality, Development and Peace BIC.
184. 1985-07-10. Base Espiritual de la Igualdad, La. Bahá'í International Community. BIC.
185. 1985-06-15. Conferencia Mundial para el Examen y la Evaluación de los Logros del Decenio de las Naciones Unidas para la Mujer: Igualdad, Desarrollo y Paz. Bahá'í International Community. Informe presentado por la Comunidad Internacional Bahá'í acerca de las actividades de la Comunidad Bahá'í Mundial para mejorar la condición de la mujer durante el Decenio de las Naciones Unidas para la Mujer y Programas Futuros para el Adelanto de la Muje BIC.
186. 1985-06-10. Lucha Contra el Hambre, La. Bahá'í International Community. Declaración a la 11a Sesión de Ministros del Consejo Mundial de la Alimentación de las Naciones Unidas, París, Francia, 1985. BIC.
187. 1982-2023. Encyclopaedia Iranica: Selected articles related to Persian culture, religion, philosophy and history. Encyclopaedia Iranica. Sorted, categorized collection of links to over 170 articles. Encyclopedia.
188. 1978-03-27. Ranks and Functions in the Bahá'í Cause. Universal House of Justice. Regarding the relationships between administrative institutions; Different ranks of and interactive functioning of the Continental Board of Counsellors versus National Spiritual Assemblies. UHJ-letters.
189. 1976. Dawn over Mount Hira and Other Essays. Marzieh Gail. A collection of essays on various topics of interest to Bahá'í studies and history. Most of these were first published in Star of the West and World Order between 1929 and 1971. Books.
190. 1976. Spiritual Assembly's Growing Pains, A. Rúhíyyih Khánum. A play, in 28 pages, showing "some of the workings of a Bahá'í Spiritual Assembly: some of the blunders, some of the problems; how certain types of people fit better into one office and others into another." Fiction.
191. 1975. Conferencia Mundial del Año Internacional de la Mujer: Declaración presentada por la Comunidad Internacional Bahá'í. Bahá'í International Community. Declaración presentada por la Comunidad Internacional Bahá’í (en carácter consultivo con el Consejo Económico y Social — Categoría II) Ciudad de México, México, 1975. BIC.
192. 1971-1995. 1971-1995: Newspaper articles archive. Various. Collection of newspaper articles from 1971-1995. Newspapers.
193. 1969. Message to the Indian and Eskimo Bahá'ís of the Western Hemisphere. Rúhíyyih Khánum. Letter to Native American and Inuit believers, about the assurance given in the Bahá'í Writings that their future is very great, and that they themselves best help to fulfill these promises by taking the Faith of Bahá'u'lláh to their own people. Essays.
194. 1956-05. Oneness of Mankind, The: Basic Principle of the Bahá'í Faith. National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of the United States. Statement of Bahá'í teachings prepared in order to clarify the position of members of the Faith throughout the United States at this critical hour, published as an insert in the U.S. Bahá'í newsletter. NSA-letters.
195. 1945. The White Silk Dress. Marzieh Gail. An "intimate portrait" of Ṭáhirih first published Friday April 21, 1944. Articles.
196. 1941. Táhirih's Message to the Modern World. Martha L. Root. Transcript of a radio address from Sunday April 21, 1940, telling the story of Ṭáhirih, describing her as the foremost woman of her generation known across Persia for her beauty, intelligence, and courage, who gave her life for the emancipation of women. Talks.
197. 1939. Heart of the Gospel: The Bible and the Bahá'í Faith. George Townshend. Using only the text of the Bible, Townshend provides a new reading of Scripture as a guidebook for those who seek a universal view of religion and the contemporary world. Books.
198. 1926-04-21. Impressions of Haifa. Alain Locke. Locke reflects on his visit to the Bahá'í shrines in November 1923. Articles.
199. 1922-09. Questions about Science and Religion: Interviews with Abdu'l-Bahá at Tiberias and Haifa. Anna Kunz. Questions asked of Abdu'l-Bahá by two Christians visiting Haifa in 1921. Pilgrims.
200. 1915. Meeting a Prophet. Archie Bell. Book chapter containing three interviews with 'Abdu'l-Bahá at the Sea of Galilee. Excerpts.
201. 1912/1947/1974. "Easy Familiarity," Explanations of. Rúhíyyih Khánum, Ann Boylan, John B. Cornell, Universal House of Justice. Statements on displays of affection (hugging and kissing) between members of the opposite sex. Also questions on assembly infallibility, and whether one with a minority opinion should vote against his conscience. Guardian.
202. 1912-09-25. New John the Baptist Preaching Universal Brotherhood: Abdul Ba-ha Patriarchal Head of Bahá'ísts in Denver With Message of Love and Justice to All and for All. Alice Rohe. News article of Abdu'l-Bahá's tour. Includes scanned image of original newspaper and photograph of Abdu'l-Bahá. Newspapers.
203. 1911. Brief Account of the Bahá'í Movement, A. Ethel J. Rosenberg. An early overview of the Bahá'í Faith and its teachings, with compilation of quotations, published as a 28-page booklet. Articles.
204. 1909-07-29. Letter to Corinne True re Women on the House of Justice. Abdu'l-Bahá, Ameen Ullah Fareed, trans. . Translation by Amín Faríd of a short letter stating that "men and women are equal in all rights save in the Universal House of Justice; for the Chairman and the members of the House of Justice are men according to the Text of the Book." Translations.

1. 1848-06-26 —
   The Conference of Badasht

   Bahá'u'lláh, who hosted and directed the event, rented three gardens, one for Quddús, another for Táhirih and the third for Himself. [Bab168; GPB31, 68; MF200]

   The conference coincided with the removal of the Báb to Tabríz for interrogation in July. It was held near the village of Sháhrúd in Semnan province. [BBRSM23; DB292]

   • `The primary purpose of that gathering was to implement the revelation of the Bayán by a sudden, a complete and dramatic break with the past — with its order, its ecclesiasticism, its traditions, and ceremonials. The subsidiary purpose of the conference was to consider the means of emancipating the Báb from His cruel confinement in Chihríq.' [BBRSM23; BKG43; DB297–8; GPB31, 157]
   • From the beginning of His ministry the Báb had implicitly claimed some higher spiritual station than merely that of being the "bábu'l-imám" and in the early months of 1848 while still in prison in Máh-Kú He put forward these claims to his companions. He proclaimed HImself to be the Imam Mahdi, the promised Q´'im (He who will arise), the inaugurator of the Resurrection and the abrogator of the Islamic holy law. [BBRSM23]
   • Bab167 says that the Bábís did not come to Badasht to make plans to rescue the Báb.
   • It was attended by 81 believers and lasted 22 days. [BKG43–4, 46; DB292–3; GPB312]
   • Each day Bahá'u'lláh revealed a Tablet, and on each believer He conferred a new name. Each day an Islamic law was abrogated. Henceforth, when the Báb was addressing the believers, He used the new name that Bahá'u'lláh had bestowed upon them. [DB293; GPB32]
   • See BKG44–5; DB293 and MF201 for the story of the central event, Táhirih's confrontation with Quddús and removal of her veil.
     Ṭáhirih, seizing upon the opportunity, arose and, unveiled, came forth from the garden. She proceeded towards the tent of Bahá'u'lláh crying out and proclaiming: "I am the Trumpet-blast; I am the Bugle-call!"—which are two of the signs of the Day of Resurrection mentioned in the Qur'án. Calling out in this fashion, she entered the tent of Bahá'u'lláh. No sooner had she entered than Bahá'u'lláh instructed the believers to recite the Súrih of the Event from the Qur'án, a Súrih that describes the upheaval of the Day of Resurrection.
     [Twelve Table Talks given by 'Abdu'l-Bahá in 'Akká, no. 9, "Ṭáhirih and the Conference of Badasht"]
   • Also see Bab167–9; BBD31–2; BBRSM46; BKG43–7; DB292–8; RB2:353.
   • See The World-Wide Influence of Qurratul-'Ayn by Standwood Cobb.
2. 1848-07-19 —
   The Women's Rights Convention was held in the Wesleyan Chapel at Seneca Falls, NY. The principle organizer was Lucretia Mott, with Elizabeth Cady Stanton as its driving intellect. A significant role was played by an African-American man, an abolitionist and a recently freed slave, Frederick Douglass. The convention adopted a Declaration of Rights and Sentiments that consisted of 11 resolutions including the right for women to vote. The signatories were the 68 women and 32 men in attendance. The right for women to vote became part of the United States Constitution in 1920. [The Calling: Tahirih of Persia and her American Contemporaries p114-160, "Seneca Falls First Woman's Rights Convention of 1848: The Sacred Rites of the Nation" by Bradford W. Miller (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 8.3, 1998)]
   • This conference has been compared to the Conference of Badasht with respect to the emancipation of women and entrenched prejudices.
   • Tahirih and Women's Suffrage written by / on behalf of Universal House of Justice in which they deal with the question of the relationship between Táhirih and women's sufferage as well as the station of Táhirih herself.
3. 1850-05-19 —
   The Governor sent a mob against Hujjat, (Mulla Muhammad-Ali) which was dispersed by Mír Saláh. The Governor sent to Tihrán for reinforcements and the town Zanján was split into two camps. [BW18:381]
   • See BBD245 and GPB45 for the story of Zaynab, the Bábí woman who dressed as a man and defended the barricades.
   • Zaynab and the Women of Zanjan.
   • The first episode of a podcast about Zaynab.
4. 1852-08-16 —
   The martyrdom of Táhirih (Qurratu'l-'Ayn) in Tihrán. [BBR172–3; BBRSM:30; BW18:382; BKG87; MF203]
   • She was martyred in the Ílkhání garden, strangled with her own silk handkerchief which she had provided for the purpose. Her body was lowered into a well which was then filled with stones. [BBD220; DB622–8; GPB75]
   • See GPB73–5 for a history of her life.
   • See the story of her martyrdom and her life in the article in Radio France International.
   • 'Abdu'l-Bahá is reported to have said:
     She went to that garden with consummate dignity and composure. Everyone said that they were going to kill her, but she continued to cry out just as she had before, declaring, "I am that trumpet-call mentioned in the Gospel!" It was in this state that she was martyred in that garden and cast into a well. [Talk by Abdu'l-Baha Given in Budapest to the Turanian Society on 14 April 1913 (Provisional)
     iiiii
5. 1913-08-28 — 'Abdu'l-Bahá revealed a tablet to an unnamed woman saying that only two things were not open to women, front-line military duties and service on the Universal House of Justice. He promised equality to men and "as regards tenderness of heart and abundance of mercy and sympathy" superiority. [PT182-184]
6. 1954-04-00 —
   Bahá'í women in Iran were accorded full rights to participate in membership of both national and local Bahá'í assemblies. [MBW65]
   • This removed the 'last remaining obstacle to the enjoyment of complete equality of rights in the conduct of the administrative affairs of the Persian Bahá'í Community'. [MBW65]
7. 1956-04-00 — Shoghi Effendi announced the extension to Egyptian Bahá'í women of the right to be elected to the National Spiritual Assembly and to participate in the national convention. [MBW96–7]
8. 1985-03-21 — "The equality of men and women is not, at the present time, universally applied. In those areas where traditional inequality still hampers its progress we must take the lead in practicing this Bahá’í principle. Bahá’í women and girls must be encouraged to take part in the social, spiritual and administrative activities of their communities." [Ridván 1984]

   This chart from the Department of Statistics at the Bahá'í World Centre shows the participation of women in Bahá'í institutions, the Continental Board of Councillors, the Auxiliary Board and National Spiritual Assemblies from 1953 to 1985.

9. 2000-05-22 —
   The United Nations Millennium Forum was held at United Nations Headquarters in New York. It attracted 1,350 participants from more than 106 countries and many others participated remotely via Internet. The purpose was to give organizations of civil society an opportunity to formulate views and recommendations on global issues to be taken up at the subsequent Millennium Summit in September to be attended by heads of state and government. Convened by the UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan, the Forum's overarching theme - "The United Nations for the 21st Century" - encompassed six main sub-themes in its declaration titled We the Peoples Millennium Forum Declaration and Agenda for Action (2000):

   1) Peace, security and disarmament;

   2) Eradication of poverty, including debt cancellation and social development;

   3) Human rights;

   4) Sustainable development and environment;

   5) Facing the challenges of globalization: achieving equity, justice and diversity; and,

   6) Strengthening and democratizing the United Nations and international organizations.

   The document was divided into three main areas: recommendations for governmental action; proposals for the United Nations; and actions to be undertaken by civil society itself.

   The Bahá'í International Community as an NGO representing a cross-section of humankind acted as a unifying agent in major discussions. Our principal representative at the United Nations, Techeste Ahderrom, was appointed to cochair a committee of non-governmental organizations. Lawrence Arturo and Diane 'Alá'í represented the Bahá'í International Community. [BW00-01p87-89, Letter from the Universal House of Justice dated 24 September 2000]

   • See The United Nations for the 21st Century: From Reaction to Prevention: Towards an Effective and Efficient International Regime for Conflict Prevention and Peacebuilding by Detlev Wolter.
10. 2000-09-06 —
    The General Assembly Millennium Summit was held at the United Nations Headquarters in New York and was attended by leaders of more than 150 nations. UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan presented a report entitled, "We The Peoples: The Role of the United Nations in the 21st Century". In which was presented an overview of the challenges facing humankind and suggested practical solutions. Some of the key themes addressed include health, environment, human rights and other social issues, international law, peace and rejuvenating the United Nations. It is striking that called upon by the Secretary-General of the United Nations to address so historic a gathering was Mr. Techeste Ahderom, the principal representative of the Bahá'í International Community to the United Nations, addressed the gathering as the spokesman of civil society. He was accorded this honour because he had presided as cochair at the earlier United Nations Millennium Forum. After all the national leaders had spoken and before the Summit had adopted its declaration on 8 September, Mr. Ahderom made a speech in which he conveyed to that unprecedented assemblage a report of the Forum. The text of his speech is enclosed herewith. On the last day a declaration was unanimously adopted that began by asserting: "We, Heads of State and Government, have gathered at United Nations Headquarters in New York from 6 to 8 September 2000, at the dawn of a new Millennium, to reaffirm our faith in the Organization and its Charter as indispensable foundations of a more peaceful, prosperous and just world." [BW00-01p91-93, Letter from the Universal House of Justice dated 24 September 2000]
    • The text of Mr. Ahderom's speech can be found on the BIC's website and at BW00-01p243-247.
    • Millennium Declaration (in all UN working languages)
    • The Millennium Development Goals are to: (1) eradicate extreme poverty and hunger; (2) achieve universal primary education; (3) promote gender equality and empower women; (4) reduce child mortality; (5) improve maternal health; (6) combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases; (7) ensure environmental sustainability; and (8) develop a global partnership for development.
    • UN website.
11. 2001-06-25 — During the special session of the General Assembly on the HIV./AIDS pandemic held at the UN headquarters, the Bahá'í International Community circulated a written statement entitled HIV/AIDS and Gender Equality: Transforming Attitudes and Behaviors that emphasized the need to transform the attitudes and behaviors that spread the disease and directed attention to the important roles played by men and faith communities in turning the tide of the pandemic. [BIC History]
12. 2005-09-15 —
    The 2005 World Summit was a follow-up summit meeting to the United Nations' 2000 Millennium Summit, which led to the Millennium Declaration of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Representatives (including many leaders) of the then 191 (later 193) member states met in New York City for what the United Nations described as "a once-in-a-generation opportunity to take bold decisions in the areas of development, security, human rights and reform of the United Nations." [THE 2005 WORLD SUMMIT: AN OVERVIEW]
    • 2005 World Summit Outcome
    • Millennium Development Goals
      1. To eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
      2. To achieve universal primary education
      3. To promote gender equality and empower women
      4. To reduce child mortality
      5. To improve maternal health
      6. To combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases
      7. To ensure environmental sustainability
      8. To develop a global partnership for development
13. 2012-11-15 —
    In contribution to the 57th Session of the Commission on the Status of Women the Bahá'í International Community issued a statement entitled Towards the Eradication of Violence Against Women and Girls.
    • PDF..
14. 2020-03-09 — The Bahá'í International Community submitted a statement entitled Developing New Dynamics of Power to Transform the Structures of Society to the Commission on the Status of Women in the follow-up to the Fourth World Conference on Women and to the twenty-third special session of the General Assembly.

    The statement can be found on the UN website.

15. 2020-06-29 —
    The National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of Papua New Guinea issued a statement through its External Affairs department entitled Forging a Path to Gender Equality in response to a series of tragic events and a situation that intensified during the pandemic. [BWNS1439]
    • Statement on the External Affairs website.
16. 2021-02-03 — To mark the 25th anniversary of the landmark Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action that resulted from the Fourth World Conference on Women in 1995, the Bahá'í International Community released a film that reflected on the advances made toward the goals for gender equality articulated in the declaration. The feature-length film called Glimpses into the Spirit of Gender Equality premiered at a virtual screening before a gathering of UN officials, ambassadors of member states, non-governmental organizations, and other civil society actors. [BWNS1485]

    The film is available on YouTube and at glimpses.bic.org.

    For the response to this film see BIC News.

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