Bahai Library Online

Chronology of the Bahá'í Faith

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Date 195-, sorted by firsts, descending

date event tags firsts
1958 Ridván
195-
The formation of the first local spiritual assembly of Taipei. [The Taiwan Bahá'í Chronicle by Barbara R. Sims p25] Local Spiritual Assemblies; Taipei, Taiwan; Taiwan The formation of the first local spiritual assembly of Taipei, Taiwan
1957 Feb
195-
As authorized by the Guardian, Mrs. Morassa (Yazdi) Rawhani arrived as a pioneer to Rabat, Morocco. She actively participated in the formation of two Assemblies, that of Rabat and Sale, and although of advanced age, she was occupied in deepening the friends and teaching the children in these two localities.

She was born in 1887 and named Akkawiya (the one who belongs to ‘Akká) by ‘Abdu’l-Bahá. She was the granddaughter of Hadji Abderrehim Yazdi, one of the first bearers of the Sacred Standard. Born in the fortress of ‘Akká, she grew up in the Sacred Household under the shelter of the Greatest Holy Leaf.
With her mother, she moved to Alexandria, Egypt where for a few months she was in charge of cleaning the private room of ‘Abdu’l-Bahá and was asked by Him several times to sew some of His clothes. She was entrusted to be the Early Prayer Reader of His private quarters.She was the first woman to become a member of the Spiritual Assembly of Alexandria, and dedicated her time to deepening the women in her locality.
She passed away on October 6, 1971 and was buried in the Bahá’í Cemetery at Rabat, Morocco. Her funeral was attended by a large number of believers of Morocco, the majority native believers; also in attendance was a representative from the Íránian Embassy in Rabat. A message was sent from the Universal House of Justice to honour her life of service. [BN No 490 January 1972 p7]

- Biography; Morocco the first woman to become a member of the Spiritual Assembly of Alexandria
1955 8 Jan
195-
Señor Moyses Mosquera Zevallos became the first believer of the Galapagos Islands to accept the Faith. As a result of his becoming a Bahá'í he was persecuted by the priest and both he and his wife lost their jobs as teachers. He was wrongfully accused of immoral acts with some of his students in spite of the fact that the teaching space was such that his wife was constantly with him.

Moses was dismissed from his position because of the influence of the priest but he was asked to return to Naranjal because of the demands of the parents of his students. He remained at this school until his retirement during the late 1970's. [Heroes of God: History of the Bahá'í Faith in Ecuador, 1940-1979 by Helen Basset Hornby p69; 77]

Ecuador; Galápagos Islands, Ecuador; Santa Cruz, Galápagos the first to accept the Eahá'i Faith in the Galapagos.
1955 Ridván
195-
The first Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of Tenerife in the Canary Islands was formed.
  • For a photo see Worldwide Community of Bahá'u'lláh.
  • Local Spiritual Assembly, formation; Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Canary Islands the first Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of Tenerife in the Canary Islands
    1954 6 Apr
    195-
    In his Ridván Message Shoghi Efffendi announced that: The site for the first Mashriqu'l-Adhkár of the Holy Land has been selected--an area of approximately twenty thousand square meters--situated at the head of the Mountain of God, in close proximity to the Spot hallowed by the footsteps of Bahá'u'lláh, near the time-honoured Cave of Elijah, and associated with the revelation of the Tablet of Carmel, the Charter of the World Spiritual and Administrative Centres of the Faith on that mountain. Funds totalling one hundred thousand dollars have, moreover, been contributed by one of the Hands of the Cause*, residing in the Holy Land, and negotiations have been initiated with the Israeli authorities for the purpose of effecting the immediate purchase of the selected site. (*Hand of the Cause Milly Collins) [MBW63; DoH175]

    In another message about a year later he provided further details. [MBW78-79]

    - Bahá'í World Centre; - Mashriqu'l-Adhkár (House of Worship); Amelia Collins; Funds; Haifa, Israel; Mashriqu'l-Adhkár, Haifa; Mount Carmel the first Mashriqu'l-Adhkár of the Holy Land
    1958 Ridván
    195-
    The first Local Spiritual Assembly was formed in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe (the Southern Rhodesia. [KoB111] Bulawayo, Zimbabwe The first Local Spiritual Assembly was formed in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe
    1954 17 - 24 Sep
    195-
    The first Italo-Swiss Joint Summer School was held September 17-24 in Bex les Bains in Switzerland, and was attended by as many as 75 friends. Dr. Ugo R. Giachery, Hand of the Cause, discussed the Ten-Year Crusade, and Prof. Zeine-Zeine of Beirut lectured on the Kitáb-i-Iqán. For these sessions all the friends were together. Smaller groups, by language, were formed for study of Bahá’í Administration. [Baha'i News Issue 286, December 1954 p4]
  • For a photo see Bahá'í News Issue 291 May 1955 p14.
  • The first Italo-Swiss Joint Summer School
    1950 Ridván
    195-
    Shoghi Effendi announced the Africa Campaign (1951-1953) in a cable to the British National Convention. [BW12:52; UD245–6]
  • The British community was to lead the campaign supported by the Bahá'ís of the United States and Egypt. Shoghi Effendi expanded the plan to include the cooperation of the National Spiritual Assemblies of Persia and of India, who were to provide additional pioneers. The Plan was not scheduled to start until Ridván 1950 but the British Bahá'í community as soon as possible after the Plan was announced. [UD245]
  • The object was to open the Faith to three countries, Gold Coast, Tanganyika and Uganda. Shoghi Effendi termed it "the first International collaboration plan in Bahá'í history. (CG157, 159]
  • For the objectives of the campaign see UD245–6.
  • For the importance of the enterprise see UD260–3.
  • The plan was to be launched after a year's respite but the British Bahá'ís begin to implement the plan immediately. [CB317]
  • At the time of the Campaign there was "...since the days of the Blessed Beauty and up to the early 1950s, the activities of the friends in Africa had produced the formation of one National Spiritual Assembly with its seat in Cairo, Egypt, the opening of 12 countries to the light of the Faith, and some 50 localities established throughout its vast lands. It was at such a time that the beloved Guardian ushered in the first African Teaching Plan" [Message from the Universal House of Justice To the Friends gathered at the Bahá'í International Conference at Lagos dated 19 August, 1982 ; The UK Bahá'í Journal/History]
  • The first to arise for the Campaign was Claire Gung who departed from England on the Warwick Castle on the 3rd of January, 1951 bound for Tanganyika. [CG13, 26]
  • Others who pioneered were: Philip Hainsworth, Uganda, June 1951; Hasan and Isobel Sabri, Tanganyika, July 1951; and Ted Cardell, Kenya, October 1951.
  • For additional information see The Baha'i Faith in Africa: Establishing a New Religious Movement, 1952–1962 by Anthony Lee.
  • * Teaching Plans; - Africa; Africa Campaign; Claire Gung; Egypt; Hasan Sabri; Isobel Sabri; Philip Hainsworth; Ted Cardell; United Kingdom; United States (USA) the first International collaboration plan in Bahá'í history
    1954 Apr
    195-
    Robert B. Powers, Jr., a member of the U.S. armed forces at the Navy Air Station, arrived in Guam and was named a Knight of Bahá'u'lláh for the Mariana Islands.

    On May 2, 1954, Cynthia R. Olson arrived on Guam in response to the call from Shoghi Effendi; becoming the first permanent Bahá’í Settler in the Mariana Islands.

    Antonio Alfonso, the first Filipino national to embrace the Faith, became a Bahá’í on 19 March 1956, and Joe Erie Ilengelkei of Palau, Western Caroline Island became the first Micronesian to accept Bahá’u’lláh when he became a member of the Bahá’í Faith on 7 April 1956. [BW13:454; Marianas Bahá'í Community website]

    - Islands; - Knights of Bahá'u'lláh; Guam; Mariana Islands the first Bahá’í in the Mariana Islands; the first Filipino national to embrace the Faith; the first Micronesian to accept the Bahá’í Faith.
    1959 Ridván
    195-
    The first Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of Niagara Falls, ON was formed by joint declaration. The members were: Carol and David Bowie, Charlie and Florence Grindlay, Ben and Mary Koltermann, Amy Putnam, Joy Carter and Vi Dutoff.
  • The first Bahá'í in Niagara Falls was Charlie Grindlay.
  • The first native Niagara Falls resident to become a Bahá'í was Carol Bowie. [Ref: email from David Bowie dated 28 August 2024]
  • Amy Putnam; Ben Koltermann; Carol Bowie; Charles Grindlay; David Bowie; Florence Grindlay; Joy Carter; Mary Koltermann; Niagara Falls, ON; Vi Dutoff The first Bahá'í in Niagara Falls was Charlie Grindlay. ; The first native Niagara Falls resident to become a Bahá'í was Carol Bowie.
    1954 9 Jun
    195-
    The passing of Alain LeRoy Locke (b. September 13, 1885, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.) in New York. He was laid to rest in Congressional Cemetery in Washington DC.
  • Locke graduated from Harvard University and was the first African American to win a prestigious Rhodes Scholarship (1907). Despite his intellect and clear talent, Locke faced significant barriers as an African American. In spite of the fact that he had been selected as the first African-American Rhodes Scholar, Locke was denied admission to several colleges at the University of Oxford because of his race. He finally gained entry into Hertford College, where he studied from 1907 to 1910. Locke also studied philosophy at the University of Berlin during his years abroad. He subsequently received a doctorate in philosophy from Harvard and taught at Howard University.
  • Locke declared his belief in the Bahá'í Faith in 1918. He is thus among a list of some 40 known African Americans to join the religion during the ministry of 'Abdu'l-Bahá.
  • In 1925 he published The New Negro: An Interpretation of Negro Life. It was an anthology showcasing African American artists and is generally considered a seminal moment in the founding of the Harlem Renaissance and he became known as the "Dean of the Harlem Renaissance" which sought to advance African Americans through race relations, the arts, and social thought, leaving behind European and white American styles and celebrating the black experience.
  • See Alain Locke: Four Talks Redefining Democracy, Education, and World Citizenship edited and introduced by Christoper Buck and Betty J Fisher in World Order Vol 38 No3 p21-41. [Uplifting Words; Wikipedia] [Uplifting Words; Wikipedia]
  • See his article "Impressions of Haifa". [BW3p527-528]
  • See also his article "The Orientation of Hope". [BW5p527-528]
  • See Alain Locke: Bahá'í Philosopher by Christopher Buck.
  • See Alain Locke: Faith & Philosophy by Christopher Buck
    • See the review by Derik Smith in World Order Vol 38 No3 p42-48.
  • See Bahá'í Chronicles.
  • See Bahá'í Teachings.
  • See Uplifting Words.
  • The Bahá'í Faith and African American History: Creating Racial and Religious Diversity, Chapter 3: "Alain Locke on Race, Religion, and the Bahá'í Faith" by Christopher Buck.
  • The US Postal Service issued a series of stamps entitles Great Literary Movement: The voices of the Harlem Renaissance Forever on 21 May 2020.
  • Find a grave.
  • * Philosophy; - Biography; - In Memoriam; African Americans; Alain Locke; Harlem Renaissance; New York, USA; Philadelphia, PA; Race amity; Race unity the first African-American Rhodes Scholar,
    1959 19 Aug
    195-
    John Chang, his wife and child visited Hainan Island, just off China. He thought someone with a family would attract less attention than a single man but he was asked to leave by authorities after only 14 days. [KoB 3,171] - Knights of Bahá'u'lláh; Hainan Island, China; John Chang shortest duration of stay for any Knight of Baha'u'llah
    1954 Apr
    195-
    Mrs Mehrangiz Munsiff pioneered to the city of Douala in the French Cameroons (later Cameroon). Both she and Mr Samuel Njiki were honoured as Knights of Bahá'u'lláh for this territory. [Bahá'í Journal UK Vol 20, No 5 Jan/Feb 2004, BW13:451; BWNS249]
  • For a photo see Bahá'í Media Bank.
  • - Knights of Bahá'u'lláh; Cameroon; Douala, Cameroon; French Cameroon; Meherangiz Munsiff; Samuel Njiki Knight of Bahá'u'lláh for Cameroons
    1954 (In the year)
    195-
    The first black African to become a Bahá'í was Klaas Mtsweni, a Zulu in Pretoria, South Africa. There being several different tribes and peoples in South Africa, there were several "firsts" in relation to declarations of faith. Tswana - Dorothy and Ephens Senne of Phokeng; Xhosa - Reginald Bukula of Cofimvaba; Southern Sotho - Andrew Mofokeng; Northern Sotho - William Masehla; Coloured - Max and May Seepe of Western Township, Johannesburg; Cape Coloured - Annie and Tommy Heuvel in Cape Town; Malay - the Gallow family in Cape Town; White - Florence Norman in Durban, Norman Bailey in Grahamstown, Afrikaner - Sue Hofmeyr in Cape Town. [Progress of the Bahá'í Faith in South Africa since 1911] - First believers by background firsts Bahá'ís in South Africa
    1955 Ridván
    195-
    The first local spiritual assembly in Zanzibar (Tanzania) was formed. Local Spiritual Assembly, formation; Zanzibar, Tanzania firstLocal Spiritual Assembly in Zanzibar
    1956 Ridván
    195-
    The first local spiritual assembly in Bermuda was formed. Bermuda; Local Spiritual Assemblies firstLocal Spiritual Assembly Bermuda
    1954 Ridván
    195-
    Adelaide Sharp, who had been in Iran since 1929, was elected to the National Spiritual Assembly of Iran, the first woman elected to that body. [BFA2:361] Adelaide Sharp; Firsts, other; Iran; NSA; Women first woman elected NSA Iran
    1957 c. Apr - 1958 Apr
    195-
    The first Tuareg to become a Bahá'í enrolled in Rabat, Morocco. - First believers by background; Morocco; Rabát, Morocco first Tuareg Bahá’í
    1955 c. Jan
    195-
    The first Tswana Bahá'í, Stanlake Kukama, enrolled in Mafikeng. - First believers by background; Mahikeng, South Africa; South Africa first Tswana Bahá’í
    1955 4 Mar
    195-
    The first Tongan to become a Bahá'í in Tonga, Tevita Ngalo'afe, enrolled. - First Bahá'ís by country or area; - First believers by background; Tonga first Tongan Bahá’í in Tonga
    1952 (In the year)
    195-
    Khodabakhch Attar-Hamedani, his wife, and four sons were the first to pioneer to Algeria. The first Local Assembly was formed in 1954 and several others were formed after. He served on the National Spiritual Assembly of Algeria and Tunisia and was appointed to the Auxiliary Board until all foreign Bahá'ís were expelled in 1968. [BWIM114] Algeria; Algiers, Algeria; Persecution, Algeria first to pioneers to Algeria
    1952 12 Nov
    195-
    Dagmar Dole, pioneer to Alaska and Denmark, passed away in Glion, Switzerland.
  • Shoghi Effendi said she was the 'first to give her life for the Cause in the European project'. [BW12:702; ZK66–7]
  • For her obituary see BW12:701–2.
  • See also Bahá'í Chronicles and Find a Grave.
  • - Biography; - Births and deaths; - In Memoriam; Alaska, USA; Dagmar Dole; Denmark; Glion, Switzerland; Switzerland; United States (USA) first to give life for Cause in the European project
    1956 (In the year)
    195-
    The first Tlinget to become a Bahá'í in Alaska, Joyce Anderson Combs, enrolled. - First Bahá'ís by country or area; Alaska, USA; United States (USA) first Tlinget Bahá’í in Alaska
    1954 (In the year)
    195-
    The first Tlinget from Alaska to become a Bahá'í, Eugene King, enrolled. - First Bahá'ís by country or area; Alaska, USA; United States (USA) first Tlinget Bahá'í
    1953 Ridván
    195-
    Bahjí was lit for the first time by 99 four-branched wrought iron lamp posts. [GBF32; PP89–90] Bahá'u'lláh, Shrine of (Bahjí); Bahji, Israel; Firsts, other; Haifa, Israel; Light first time Bahjí lit
    1956 11 - 12 Nov
    195-
    First All-Taiwan Teaching Conference was held in Tainan, Taiwan. The conference was attended by then Auxiliary Board Member Agnes Alexander from Japan. She would visit Taiwan two more times, in 1958 and 1962-as a Hand of the Cause. [The Taiwan Bahá'í Chronicle by Barbara R. Sims p17] - First conferences; Agnes Alexander; Auxiliary board members; Conferences, Bahá'í; Conferences, Teaching; Tainan, Taiwan; Taiwan; Teaching first Teaching Conference held in Taiwan
    1957 Dec
    195-
    The first summer school in Malaysia was held at Malacca. First summer and winter schools; Malacca, Malaysia; Malaysia; Summer schools first summer school in Malaysia
    1953 Oct
    195-
    Claire Gung arrived in Southern Rhodesia (Zimbabwe) and was named a Knight of Bahá'u'lláh. She spent 18 months in Salisbury (Harare) where she was a member of the first local spiritual assembly. [CG161] - Knights of Bahá'u'lláh; Southern Rhodesia; Zimbabwe first spiritual assembly of Salisbury (Harare)
    1954 12 Jul
    195-
    The first South African to become a Bahá'í enrolled in the Faith on this day. [That Promising Continent 20] - First Bahá'ís by country or area; Pretoria, South Africa; South Africa first South African to become a Bahá'í
    1954 Second half of the year
    195-
    The first Somali to become a Bahá'í in Djibouti, 'Alí 'Abdu'lláh, a 21-year old employee of a commercial firm, enrolled. - Africa; - First Bahá'ís by country or area; Djibouti, East Africa; Somalia first Somali Bahá’í
    1953 19 Mar
    195-
    Suhayl Samandarí arrived in Mogadishu and was named a Knight of Bahá'u'lláh for Italian Somaliland. [BW13:452; KoB48-50]
  • Within a short time, Sa'íd 'Alí Masqatí, a Somali from the port of Baraawe, became a Bahá'í, the first person to accept the Faith in Somalia.
  • - Knights of Bahá'u'lláh; Italian Somaliland; Mogadishu, Somalia first Somali Bahá’í
    1955 Dec
    195-
    The first Samoan woman to become a Bahá'í, Mrs Lotoa Refiti (later Lotoa Rock), enrolled. [Koala News, No. 22, February 1956] Lotoa Refiti; Samoa first Samoan woman Bahá'í
    1952 Feb
    195-
    Eric Manton and his son Terry arrived in Northern Rhodesia (Zambia), the first Bahá'ís to settle in the country. They settled in the Copperbelt region from where he was able to raise a number of native believers who took the Faith to other parts of Zambia. [A Brief Account of the Bahá'í Faith in Africa Since 1953 by Nance Ororo-Robarts and Selam Ahderrom p2]
  • The first local convert was Christopher Mwitumwa in 1954. [Wikipedia]
  • - Travel teachers and pioneers, First; Eric Manton; Northern Rhodesia; Terry Manton; Zambia first residents in Northern Rhodesia
    1956 Ridván
    195-
    The Regional Spiritual Assembly of South and West Africa was formed with its seat in Johannesburg, South Africa. The National Convention was held at the Sears farm. Those elected to serve were: John Allen, Festus Chembeni, Walter Dlamini, William Masehla, Robert Miller, Andrew Mofokeng, John Robarts, William Sears and Max Seepe. In January 1957 Walter Dlamini resigned and Marguerite Sears was elected to replace him. [BW13:284; MBW71-72; BN no608 November 1981 p11; PHBFp9-11]
  • Its area of jurisdiction was the Union of South Africa, Basutoland, Zululand, Swaziland, Bechuanaland, South West Africa, Angola, Northern Rhodesia, Southern Rhodesia, Nyasaland, Mozambique, Madagascar, Réunion Island, Mauritius and St Helena Island. See the Guardian's message to this Assembly. [That Promising Continent: Selections from the Writings of Abdu'l-Baha, the Writings and Letters of Shoghi Effendi and the Letters Written on his Behalf on Africa p 28-29]
  • Johannesburg, South Africa; National Spiritual Assembly, formation; South Africa first Regional Spiritual Assembly of South and West Africa
    1956 Ridván
    195-
    The Regional Spiritual Assembly of North West Africa was formed with its seat in Tunis, Tunisia. [BW13:284]
  • Its area of jurisdiction was Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco (International Zone), Spanish Morocco, French Morocco, Rio de Oro, Spanish Sahara, French West Africa, Gambia, Portuguese Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Gold Coast, Ashanti Protectorate, British Togoland, French Togoland, Nigeria, British Cameroons, French Cameroons, Northern Territories Protectorate, Spanish Guinea, St Thomas Island, Cape Verde Islands, Canary Islands and Madeira. [MBW71-72]
  • See the Guardian's message to this Assembly. [That Promising Continent 27, 32]
  • National Spiritual Assembly, formation; Tunis, Tunisia; Tunisia first Regional Spiritual Assembly of North West Africa
    1956 Ridván
    195-
    The Regional Spiritual Assembly of North East Africa was formed by expanding the jurisdiction of the National Spiritual Assembly of Egypt and Sudan. [BW13:284]
  • Its area of jurisdiction now included Egypt, Sudan, Abyssinia, Libya, Eritrea, British, French and Italian Somaliland and Socotra Island.
  • From this date forward all African territories originally allocated to the United States, the Persian, the Egyptian, the Indian, and the British National Spiritual Assemblies became, in the course of the Ten-Year Plan, to benefit from the advantages of sustained assistance by these Assemblies Spiritual Assemblies. [MBW71-72]
  • Since 1956 National Spiritual Assembly of North East Africa had been led by the former National Spiritual Assembly of Egypt and the Sudan. In 1960 difficulties in Egypt made it impossible to administer territories outside of Egypt a regional administrative committee was formed and this, in turn, was replaced with a new (regional) National Spiritual Assembly with its headquarters in Addis Abba. [BW13p287]
  • Abyssinia; British Somaliland; Djibouti, East Africa; Egypt; Eritrea; Eritrea; Ethiopia; French Somaliland; Italian Somaliland; Libya; National Spiritual Assembly, formation; Socotra Island; Sudan first Regional Spiritual Assembly of North East Africa
    1956 Ridván
    195-
    The Regional Spiritual Assembly of Central and East Africa was formed with its seat in Kampala, Uganda. [BW13:284; MBW71-72]
  • Its area of jurisdiction was Uganda, Tanganyika, Kenya, Belgian Congo, Ruanda-Urundi, French Equatorial Africa, Zanzibar, Comoro Islands and Seychelles Islands. See the Guardian's message to this Assembly. [That Promising Continent 30]
  • Ali Nakhjavani, Hassan Sabri, Philip Hainsworth, Oloro Epyeruj, Jalal Nakhjavani, Aziz Yazdi, Tito Wanantsusit, Max Kenyerezi, and Sylvester Okurut were members of the first regional national assembly. [History of the Bahá'í Faith in Tanzania]
  • This regional assembly was dissolved at Ridván 1964. [BW14p96]
  • Kampala, Uganda; National Spiritual Assembly, formation; Uganda first Regional Spiritual Assembly of Central and East Africa
    1951 2 or 3 Aug
    195-
    The establishment of the Faith in Uganda with the arrival of Mr. Músá Banání, his wife Samí'ih Banání, their daughter, Mrs. Violette and her husband, Mr. Ali Nakhjavani, of Iran, with their baby daughter Bahiyyih, and Mr. Philip Hainsworth who arrived in Kampala from England. [Wiki Bahá'í Uganda]
  • See BWNS135 for an account of the celebration of 50 years of the Faith in Uganda and the accomplishments.
  • - Africa; Alí Nakhjavání; Bahiyyih Nakhjavani; Kampala, Uganda; Músá Banání; Philip Hainsworth; Samiih Banani; Uganda; Violette Nakhjavani first pioneers to arrive in Uganda
    1951 (In the year)
    195-
    Portuguese Bahá'ís Mr António and Mrs Ema Rocha, Mrs Guedes DeMelo Rocha and Mrs D. Laura Rodriquez, the first pioneers to Angola, took up residence in Luanda. - Travel teachers and pioneers, First; Angola; Luanda, Angola first pioneers to Angola
    1959 Sep
    195-
    Clifford and Catherine Huxtable arrived in the Gulf Islands and were named Knights of Bahá'u'lláh (albeit on 14 September 1969 see LNW101). [BW13:457] - Islands; - Knights of Bahá'u'lláh; Catherine Huxtable; Clifford Huxtable; Gulf Islands, BC first pioneers Gulf Islands
    1954 Feb
    195-
    Shirin Fozdar arrived in Saigon, the first pioneer to Vietnam.
  • In June 1954, her daughter-in-law, Parvati Fozdar (wife of Jamshed Fozdar's) and their young son, Vilay, came to Saigon from the United States to help Ms. Shirin Fozdar. Jamshed Fozdar arrived on July 18, 1954. A month later. In August Ms. Shirin Fozdar returned to New Zealand. Mr. Jamshed Fozdar found employment and the family lived for a long time in a small apartment at 88 Le Loi Street (the old Bonard).
  • Pham Huu Chu was the first person to accept the Bahá'í Faith in Vietnam. [Bahá'í Religion in Community Education in Vietnam by Vu Van Chung]
  • - Pioneers; - Travel teachers and pioneers, First; Saigon, Vietnam; Shirin Fozdar; Vietnam first pioneer to Vietnam. first person to become a beliver in Viet Nam
    1950 25 May
    195-
    Dr Khodadad M. Fozdar, a medical officer of the State Railways in India, arrived in Singapore, the first pioneer to the country. [BW13:393]
  • His wife, Shirin Fozdar, joined him in September 1950.
  • Khodadad M. Fozdar; Shirin Fozdar; Singapore first pioneer to Singapore
    1956 (In the year)
    195-
    Kedarnath Pradhan, from neighbouring Sikkim, arrived in Nepal, the first pioneer to the country. [Bahá'í Faith In Nepal by Prof. Anil Sarwal] - Travel teachers and pioneers, First; India; Nepal; Sikkim, India first pioneer to Nepal
    1955 2 Jun
    195-
    The first pioneer to settle in Laos, Dr Heshmat Ta'eed, arrived in the country from Thailand. - Travel teachers and pioneers, First; Laos first pioneer to Laos
    1951 11 Oct
    195-
    Edmund (Ted) Cardell, arrived in Kenya, the first Bahá'í pioneer to the country in the Africa Campaign. [UD488]
  • Marguerite Preston, the wife of a tea grower, had been living in Kenya since August 1945. She was killed in an air crash in February 1952.
  • Kenya; Marguerite Preston; Ted Cardell first pioneer to Kenya in Africa Campaign
    1955 Sep
    195-
    Fowzieh Sobhi arrived in British Somaliland from Egypt, the first Bahá'í to reside in the country. British Somaliland; Fowzieh Sobhi first pioneer to British Somaliland
    1956 Jan
    195-
    The first Bahá'í pioneer in what is now the Central African Republic, Samson Nkeng, arrived in Bangui from the British Cameroons1 - Pioneers; - Travel teachers and pioneers, First; Central African Republic; Samson Nkeng first pioneer in Central African Republic
    1950 Aug
    195-
    John Z. T. Chang arrived in Hainan Island and was named a Knight of Bahá'u'lláh. [BW13:452] - Islands; - Knights of Bahá'u'lláh; Hainan Island, China first pioneer Hainan Island
    26 Apr
    195-
    President of Israel Ben Zvi and his wife visit the Shrines on Mount Carmel, the first official visit paid by a head of a sovereign state to the Shrines of the Báb and 'Abdu'l-Bahá. [GBF139–140; MBW68; PP2923] - Presidents; Báb, Shrine of (Haifa); Ben Zvi; Firsts, other; Haifa, Israel; Mount Carmel; Prominent visitors first official visit head of a sovereign state to Shrine of the Báb
    1959 Ridván
    195-
    The National Spiritual Assembly of Turkey was formed.
  • For the letter of the Custodians to the national convention see MoC148–51.
  • Election of the first National Assembly of Turkey had to be carried on by mailed ballots because difficulties visited upon the Faith in that country prevented the holding of the Convention. Hand of the Cause Dhikru'lláh Khádem, officially representing the Hands of the Cause, was able to visit Turkey for the occasion, as did Professor Manfichihr Ḥakím, representing the National Assembly of Persia. [BW19p297-298]
  • National Spiritual Assembly, formation; Turkey first NSA Turkey
    1959 Ridván
    195-
    The Regional Spiritual Assembly of the South Pacific Islands was formed with its seat in Suva, Fiji. [BN No 267 MY 1953 P1]
  • Its area of jurisdiction comprised of ten island groups: Samoa, Fiji, New Caledonia, New Hebrides, Loyalty Islands, Gilbert and Ellice Islands, Marshall Islands, Cook Islands, Solomon Islands, and Tonga. [BW13:308]
  • For the letter of the Custodians to the national convention see MC151–5.
  • In 1963 the Universal House of Justice announced that the Assembly was to be dissolved and succeeded by a National Spiritual Assembly of the South Pacific Ocean, and a National Spiritual Assembly of the South West Pacific Ocean, with the new Assemblies being formed the following year.
  • Cook Islands; Fiji; Gilbert and Ellice Islands; Loyalty Islands; Marshall Islands; National Spiritual Assembly, formation; New Caledonia; Samoa; Solomon Islands; Suva, Fiji; Tonga; Vanuatu first NSA South Pacific Islands
    1957 Ridván
    195-
    The Regional Spiritual Assembly of South East Asia was formed with its seat in Djakarta. [BW13:289,302]
  • Its area of jurisdiction was Borneo, Indo-China, Indonesia, Malaya, Sarawak, Siam, the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Philippines, Dutch New Guinea, Mentawai Islands, Cocos Islands, Portuguese Timor and Brunei.
  • A subsidiary Six-Year Plan was formed. [BW13:302]
  • This assembly was dissolved in 1964. [BW14p99]
  • Indonesia; Jakarta, Indonesia; National Spiritual Assembly, formation first NSA South East Asia
    1957 Ridván
    195-
    The Regional Spiritual Assembly of Scandinavia (Norway and Sweden) plus Denmark and Finland was formed with its seat in Stockholm, Sweden. [BW13:274] National Spiritual Assembly, formation; Stockholm, Sweden; Sweden first NSA Scandinavia and Finland
    1957 Ridván
    195-
    The National Spiritual Assembly of Pakistan was formed with its first National Convention in Karachi. Previously it was administered by the Regional Assembly of India, Pakistán and Burma. The "mother assembly" reverted by to its former name, The National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of India and Burma and was so until 1959. [BW13p299]
  • On May 28th the Assembly was incorporated. [BW13p300]
  • Karachi, Pakistan; National Spiritual Assembly, formation; Pakistan first NSA Pakistan
    1951 Ridván
    195-
    The National Spiritual Assembly of South America was elected at an international convention in Lima, Peru. Elected were: Edmund J. Miessler (Sao Paulo), Mrs. Margot Worley (Bahia), Miss Eve Nicklin (Lima), Manuel Vera (Lima), Dr. Alejandro Reid (Punta Arenas), Mrs. Gayle Woolson (Bogota), Esteban Canales L. (Asuncion), Srta. Mercedes Sanchez (Lima), Rangvald Taetz (Montevideo) [BW12:60; Bahá'í News No 244 June 1951 p12]
  • 18 of the 27 delegates were present at the convention. [BW12:60]
  • For a photo see Bahá'í Historical Facts.
  • The countries involved were: Brazil, Peru, Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela, Chile, Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay, and Bolivia. The union lasted until 1957 when it was split into two administrative bodies.
  • Lima, Peru; National Spiritual Assembly, formation; Peru first NSA of South America
    1951 Ridván
    195-
    The National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of Central America, Mexico and the Antilles was elected at an international convention in Panama City. Those elected were: Srta. Raquel J. Francois, Mrs. Cora H. Oliver, Srta. Elena Marsella, Srta. Natalia Chavez, James V. Facey Srta. Zenayda Jurado C, Mrs. Louise Caswell, Dr. David Escalante, Artemus Lamb. [BW12:60; Bahá'í News No 244 June 1951 p12]
  • 25 delegates representing 12 countries were present at the convention. [BW12:60]
  • For a photo of those attending see Bahá'í Historical Facts.
  • The countries of Central America were Belize, Costa Rica (confirmed) El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua and Panama.
  • Artemus Lamb; Cora Oliver; David Escalante; Elena Marsella; James Facey; Louise Caswell; Natalia Chavez; National Spiritual Assembly, formation; National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of Central America, Mexico and the Antilles; Panama; Raquel Francois; Zenayda Jurado C. first NSA of Central America
    1957 Ridván
    195-
    The Regional Spiritual Assembly of North East Asia was formed with its seat in Tokyo, Japan. [BW13:304]
  • Its area of jurisdiction was Japan, Korea, Formosa, Macau, Hong Kong, Hainan Island and Sakhalin Island.
  • Japan; National Spiritual Assembly, formation; Northeast Asia; Tokyo, Japan first NSA North East Asia
    1957 Ridván
    195-
    The National Spiritual Assembly of Australia and New Zealand formed separate National Assemblies. [BW13p306]
  • Since 1934 they were part of the National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of Australia and New Zealand.
  • National Spiritual Assembly, formation; New Zealand first NSA New Zealand
    1957 Ridván
    195-
    The Regional Spiritual Assembly of Mexico and the Republics of Central America was formed at Panama City, Panama. [BW13:257]
  • The countries involved were: Panama, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Honduras, El Salvador, Guatemala and Mexico.
  • Costa Rica; El Salvador; Guatemala; Honduras; Mexico; National Spiritual Assembly, formation; Nicaragua; Panama first NSA Mexico and the Republics of Central America
    1953 Ridván
    195-
    The National Spiritual Assembly of Italy and Switzerland was established. Elected were: Prof. Mario Fiorentini, Mrs. Anna Kunz, Dr. Ugo R. Giachery, Miss Elsa Steinmetz, Mrs. Stella Lonzar, Mrs. Anne Lynch, Friedrich Schar, Mrs. Marion Little, and Prof. Alessandro Bausani.
  • For a photo see Bahá'í Historical Facts.
  • Italy; National Spiritual Assembly, formation; Switzerland first NSA Italy and Switzerland
    1957 Ridván
    195-
    The Regional Spiritual Assembly for the Iberian Peninsula (Portugal and Spain) was formed with its seat in Madrid, Spain. [BW13:274]
  • The Assembly was disbanded in 1962 when Spain and Portugal established independent National Assemblies.
  • Madrid, Spain; National Spiritual Assembly, formation; Portugal; Spain first NSA Iberian Peninsula
    1957 Ridván
    195-
    The Regional Spiritual Assembly of the Greater Antilles was formed with its seat in Kingston, Jamaica The Assembly was disbanded in 1961 when individual National Assemblies were formed for the constituent countries.. [BW13:257]
  • The countries involved: Jamaica, Cuba, Haiti, Dominican Republic [BN No 312 p7]
  • Jamaica; Kingston, ON; National Spiritual Assembly, formation first NSA Greater Antilles
    1959 Ridván
    195-
    Upon the establishment of an independent Spiritual Assembly for Burma, the Regional Assembly of India and Burma was succeeded by the present-day National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of India. Up until 1957 this group had included Pakistan.[BW13p300]
  • For the letter of the Custodians to the national convention of Burma see MC155–7.
  • See a picture of the first National Spiritual Assembly of Burma.
  • Custodians; India; Myanmar; National Spiritual Assembly, formation; National Spiritual Assembly of India; National Spiritual Assembly of Myanmar (Burma) first NSA Burma
    1957 Ridván
    195-
    The Regional Spiritual Assembly of Brazil, Peru, Colombia, Ecuador and Venezuela was formed at Lima, Peru. [BW13:257]
  • Prior to this time, since 1951 it had been administer by the National Spiritual Assembly of South America. [Bahaipedia NSA; South America]
  • Lima, Peru; National Spiritual Assembly, formation; Peru first NSA Brazil, Peru, Colombia, Ecuador and Venezuela
    1957 Ridván
    195-
    The Regional Spiritual Assembly of the Benelux Countries was formed with its seat in Brussels, Belgium. [BW13:274]
  • Its area of jurisdiction was Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg.
  • Belgium; Benelux, Europe; Brussels, Belgium; Luxembourg; National Spiritual Assembly, formation; Netherlands first NSA Benelux Countries
    1959 Ridván
    195-
    Separate national spiritual assemblies were formed for Germany and Austria. [BW13p274, 283; BBRSM186]
  • For the letter of the Custodians to the national convention of Austria see MC158–60.
  • For a photo of the first National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of Austria see WMSH244. The members were: Johanna (Hauff) von Werthern, Franz Pollinger, Bertha Matthisen, Leopoldine Heilinger, Dr Mehdi Varqá, Gunther Hang, Ursula Kohler, Dr Masoud Berdjis and Dr Aminolláh Ahmedzadeh.
  • Austria; Germany; National Spiritual Assembly, formation first NSA Austria; first NSA for Germany
    1957 Ridván
    195-
    The Regional Spiritual Assembly of Argentina, Chile, Uruguay, Paraguay and Bolivia was formed at Buenos Aires, Argentina. [BW13:257]
  • Prior to this time, since 1951 it had been administer by the National Spiritual Assembly of South America. [Bahaipedia NSA; South America]
  • Argentina; Bolivia; Buenos Aires, Argentina; Chile; National Spiritual Assembly, formation; Paraguay; Uruguay first NSA Argentina, Chile, Uruguay, Paraguay and Bolivia
    1957 Ridván
    195-
    The National Spiritual Assembly of Alaska was formed and incorporated immediately upon formation. [HE31]
  • This was the first time a political entity (i.e. the United States) was subdivided to form a national spiritual assembly. [BW13:270]
  • In 1927 the National Spiritual Assembly of the United States and Canada resolved, in their Declaration of Trust and By-law of the National Spiritual Assembly, to exclude Alaska and Hawaii and all United States trusts and territories including Puerto Rico from their jurisdiction. [Constitution of the National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of the United States]
  • Picture.
  • Alaska, USA; Incorporation; National Spiritual Assembly, formation; United States (USA) first NSA Alaska; first time a political entity subdivided to form NSA
    1957 (In the year)
    195-
    The first member of the Newari ethnic group of Nepal to become a Bahá'í, Rishi Prasad Joshi, enrolled. - First believers by background; Nepal first Newari Bahá'í of Nepal
    1955 Ridván
    195-
    The first native Mozambican Bahá'í, Festas Chambeni, took the Bahá'í Faith to Angola. [BW13:290] Angola; Festas Chambeni first native Mozambican Bahá’í
    1954 26 Sep
    195-
    The first native Greek to become a Bahá'í, Emmanuel Petrakis, enrolled in Crete. Crete, Greece; Emmanuel Petrakis first native Greek Bahá’í
    1958 22 - 25 Apr
    195-
    The second Annual Regional National Convention for the South American countries of Brazil, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia and Venezuela was held in Guayaquil. This was the highlight of the year for Ecuador being that it was their first time to host a National Convention. The delegates for Ecuador were: Juan Luis Aguirre and Alberto Carbo Medina from Guayaquil community and Gayle Woolson and Guillermo Sotomayer from Quito. At the time Ecuador still had only two local assemblies, four isolated centers and only two new believers for the year. [Heroes of God: History of the Bahá'í Faith in Ecuador, 1940-1979 by Helen Bassett Hornby p96] Conventions, National; Ecuador; Guayaquil, Ecuador; Latin America first National Convention held in Ecuador
    1954 1 Mar
    195-
    Shirin Fozdar visited Cambodia to receive the first medallion and Certificate of Satrei Vatthana (Champion of Women) from His Majesty King Norodom Sihanouk. She was the first Bahá'í to enter the country.
  • She was not able to teach the Faith openly but she did speak about it to the king's parents.
  • Cambodia; King Norodom Sihanouk; Shirin Fozdar first medallion and Certificate of Satrei Vatthana (Champion of Women) recipient; first Bahá’í in Cambodia
    1954 Apr
    195-
    The site for the first Mashriqu'l-Adhkár of the Holy Land was selected. [DH175; MBW63] - Mashriqu'l-Adhkár (House of Worship); Haifa, Israel; Mashriqu'l-Adhkár, Haifa first Mashriqu’l-Adhkár of the Holy Land
    1955 20 Mar
    195-
    Shoghi Effendi announced the acquisition of 36,000 square metres of land for the first Mashriqu'l-Adhkár of the Holy Land. [DH175; MBW78–9]
  • The entire sum of $180,000 for the purchase was donated by Amelia Collins. [MBW79]
  • In April Shoghi Effendi reported that $50,000 had been contributed by the Hand of the Cause, Amelia Collins for the purpose of establishing Bahá'í national endowments in no less than fifty countries, situated in all five continents of the globe. [MBW81-82]
  • See the letter from the Guardian dated the 1st of October 1954 for a list of other properties/ buildings that were acquired due to the generosity of Millie Collins. [CBN No58 Nov 1954 p1; BN No 285 November 1954 p1]
  • - Bahá'í World Centre; - Bahá'í World Centre; - Bahá'í World Centre buildings, monuments and gardens; - Worldwide; Amelia Collins; Donations; Endowments; Haifa, Israel; Mashriqu'l-Adhkár, Haifa; Purchases and exchanges first Mashriqu’l-Adhkár of the Holy Land
    1958 22 Mar
    195-
    The foundation stone of the first Mashriqul-Adhkár of the Antipodes in Sydney was laid by Hands of the Cause Charles Mason Remey and Clara Dunn. [BW13:321] - Mashriqu'l-Adhkár (House of Worship); Australia; Charles Mason Remey; Clara Dunn; Foundation stones and groundbreaking; Mashriqu'l-Adhkár, Sydney; Sydney, Australia first Mashriqu’l-Adhkár of the Antipodes
    1958 26 Jan
    195-
    The foundation stone of the first Mashriqu'l-Adhkár of Africa was laid by Hands of the Cause Amatu'l-Bahá Rúhíyyih Khánum and Músá Banání. [BW13:317]
  • The Guardian had sent special gifts to be presented during the laying of the foundation stone. These included a Persian carpet from the Holy Shrine at Bahji, some plaster from the prison of Máh-Kú and a silver box containing the earth from Bahá'u'lláh's Shrine. These last two items were placed beneath the foundation stone by Amatu'l-Bahá Rúhíyyih Khánum and Hand of the Cause Músá Banání. [CG44]
  • - Mashriqu'l-Adhkár (House of Worship); Amatu’l-Bahá Rúḥíyyih Khánum; Foundation stones and groundbreaking; Kampala, Uganda; Mashriqu'l-Adhkár, Kampala; Músá Banání; Uganda first Mashriqu’l-Adhkár of Africa
    1953 3 – 6 May
    195-
    The All-America Intercontinental Teaching Conference was held in Chicago. [BW12:133]
  • For the texts of Shoghi Effendi's messages to the conference see BW12:133–41 and MBW142–6.
  • Twelve Hands of the Cause were present. The Guardian was represented by Amatu'l-Baha Ruhiyyih Khanum. [BW12:143; CBN No 82 November, 1956 p3]
  • At the conference, five members of the National Spiritual Assembly of the United States resigned from that body in order to go pioneering: Elsie Austin, Dorothy Baker, Matthew Bullock, Mamie Seto and Dr William Kenneth Christian. [ZK102]
  • Extract from the second message to All-American Intercontinental Conference from Shoghi Effendi... [MBW150]
    .....the lands contributed in Latin America for a similar purpose approximate one-half of a million square meters, ninety thousand of which have been set aside near Santiago, Chile, for the first Mashriqu'l-Adhkár of South America..
  • - Conferences, Intercontinental; - Hands of the Cause; - Pioneers; Chicago, IL; Chile; Conferences, Bahá'í; Conferences, Teaching; Dorothy Baker; Elsie Austin; Hands of the Cause, Activities; Mamie Seto; Mashriqu'l-Adhkár, Santiago; Matthew Bullock; Pioneering; Purchases and exchanges; Santiago, Chile; Teaching; Ten Year Crusade (1953-1963); United States (USA); United States (USA); William Kenneth Christian first Mashriqu’l-Adhkár in South America
    1955 Ridván
    195-
    The first Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of Monaco was established.

    The first person to become a Bahá'í in Monaco was Margaret Lantz, of Luxembourg. Soon after her a Frenchman, Mr. Charbonnet, who owed an antique shop in Monaco, also accepted the Faith. Charlottte Campana was the first person of Monegasque nationality to become a Bahá'í.

    Bahá'í writings translated into Monegasque were officially presented to Crown Prince Albert in 2001. [Newspaper Archive on BLO]

    Monaco first LSA in Monaco
    1955 Ridván
    195-
    The first Local Spiritual Assembly in Italian Somalia was formed in Mogadishu. [KoB50] Italian Somaliland; Local Spiritual Assemblies; Mogadishu, Somalia first LSA in Italian Somaliland
    1955 Ridván
    195-
    The first Local Spiritual Assembly was formed in Johannesburg, South Africa. [PHBF9]

    Some of the members were: William Sears, Reginald Turvey, Bahiyyih Ford, Helen Miller, Robert Miller, Marguerite Sears and Doris Ballard.

    Johannesburg, South Africa; Local Spiritual Assembly, formation first Local Spiritual Assembly was formed in Johannesburg, South Africa.
    1956 Ridván
    195-
    The local spiritual assembly of Addis Ababa incorporated, the first one in Africa to do so. [BW13:287] Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Local Spiritual Assembly, incorporation first Local Spiritual Assembly to incorporate in Africa
    1952 Ridván
    195-
    The first local spiritual assembly of Singapore City was established. [BW12:573; PH58, 67] Local Spiritual Assemblies; Singapore first Local Spiritual Assembly Singapore City
    1954 Ridván
    195-
    The first local spiritual assembly was formed in in Usumbura (later Bujumbura, Burundi) and it composed entirely of Congolese. At that time the area was called Ruanda-Urundi. In 1962 Ruanda-Urundi became the two independent states of Rwanda and Burundi. [A Remarkable Response Film 26:55] Bujumbura, Burundi; Burundi; Local Spiritual Assemblies first Local Spiritual Assembly Ruanda-Urundi (Burundi)
    1958 May
    195-
    The first local spiritual assembly in Papua New Guinea was formed in Madina Village, in New Ireland.
  • This was the first all-indigenous local spiritual assembly in the South Pacific.
  • Local Spiritual Assemblies; New Ireland, Papua New Guinea first Local Spiritual Assembly Papua New Guinea; first all-indigenous Local Spiritual Assembly in South Pacific
    1952 Ridván
    195-
    The first local spiritual assembly of Uganda was established in Kampala.
  • Enoch Olinga was a member.
  • Kampala, Uganda; Local Spiritual Assemblies first Local Spiritual Assembly of Uganda
    1956 Ridván
    195-
    The first local spiritual assembly in Taiwan was formed in Tainan. [The Taiwan Bahá'í Chronicle by Barbara R. Sims p15] Local Spiritual Assemblies; Tainan, Taiwan; Taiwan first Local Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of Tainan, Taiwan
    1956 Ridván
    195-
    Formation of the first Local Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of Guam. Guam; Local Spiritual Assemblies first Local Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of Guam.
    1957 Ridván
    195-
    The formation of the first Local Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of Canberra, the last capital city in Australia to form. Australia; Canberra, Australia; Local Spiritual Assemblies first Local Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of Canberra
    1957 Ridván
    195-
    The first local spiritual assembly in Nyasaland was formed at Lilongwe. Lilongwe, Malawi; Local Spiritual Assemblies; Malawi first Local Spiritual Assembly Nyasaland
    1958 (In the year)
    195-
    The first local spiritual assembly of Nepal was formed in Kathmandu.
  • Prof. Anil Sarwal says it was 1960-1961
  • The first Local Spiritual Assembly was established in the capital city Kathmandu in 1961. [Yellow Place]
  • Kathmandu, Nepal; Local Spiritual Assemblies; Nepal first Local Spiritual Assembly Nepal
    1956 Ridván
    195-
    The first local spiritual assembly was formed in Morocco (International Zone). Local Spiritual Assemblies; Morocco first Local Spiritual Assembly Morocco
    1954 Ridván
    195-
    The first local spiritual assembly in the Malay Peninsula was established in Seremban. British Malaya; Local Spiritual Assemblies; Seremban, Malaysia first Local Spiritual Assembly Malay Peninsula
    1958 Ridván
    195-
    The first local spiritual assembly of Macau was formed. Local Spiritual Assemblies; Macau first Local Spiritual Assembly Macau
    1958 Ridván
    195-
    The first local spiritual assembly in the Kingdom of Tonga was formed at Nuku'alofa. Local Spiritual Assemblies; Nukualofa, Tonga; Tonga first Local Spiritual Assembly Kingdom of Tonga
    1955 Ridván
    195-
    The first local spiritual assembly in Vietnam was formed at Saigon-Cholon (Cholon is the Chinese section of Saigon). [BN No 293 July 1955 p5; Bahá'í Religion in Community Education in Vietnam by Vu Van Chung]
  • This body was also the first local assembly to be formed in Indochina.
  • Local Spiritual Assembly, formation; Saigon, Vietnam; Vietnam first Local Spiritual Assembly in Vietnam
    1952 Ridván
    195-
    The first local spiritual assembly in Tanganyika was established in Dar-es-Salaam. Jalal Nakhjavani, Hassan Sabri, Isobel Sabri, Leslie Matola, Khanum Darakshandeh Nakhjavani, Dudley Denis-Smith Kutendele, Eustace Mwalimu, and Naimi Frahang Nayer Gopalkrishnan were among its members; Matola belonged to the Yao tribe, while Mwalimu belonged to another. [History of the Bahá'í Faith in Tanzania] Dar-es-salaam, Tanzania; Local Spiritual Assemblies first Local Spiritual Assembly in Tanganyika
    1955 Ridván
    195-
    The first local spiritual assembly in the Seychelles was formed in Victoria. Limbé, Camaroon; Local Spiritual Assemblies; Seychelles first Local Spiritual Assembly in Seychelles
    1955 Ridván
    195-
    The first local spiritual assembly in Southern Rhodesia (Zimbabwe) was formed in Salisbury (Harare). [CG21] Harare, Zimbabwe; Local Spiritual Assemblies; Southern Rhodesia first Local Spiritual Assembly in Rhodesia (Zimbabwe)
    1955 Ridván
    195-
    The first local spiritual assembly in Réunion was formed. France; Local Spiritual Assemblies; Reunion Island first Local Spiritual Assembly in Réunion
    1955 Ridván
    195-
    The first local spiritual in Mozambique was established in Lourenço Marques. [BW13:290] Local Spiritual Assemblies; Lourenco Marques, Mozambique; Mozambique first Local Spiritual Assembly in Mozambique
    1955 Ridván
    195-
    The first local spiritual assembly in Madagascar was formed in Tananarive (Antananarivo). Local Spiritual Assemblies; Madagascar; Tananarive, Madagascar first Local Spiritual Assembly in Madagascar
    1953 Ridván
    195-
    The first local spiritual assembly in Kenya was established in Nairobi. Kenya; Local Spiritual Assemblies; Nairobi, Kenya first Local Spiritual Assembly in Kenya
    1959 Ridván
    195-
    The first local spiritual assembly in Grenada was formed in St George's Parish. Grenada; Local Spiritual Assemblies; St. Georges, Grenada first Local Spiritual Assembly in Grenada
    1955 Ridván
    195-
    The first local spiritual assembly of French Togoland (Togo) formed at Lomé. French Togoland (Togo); Local Spiritual Assemblies; Lomé, Togo; Togo first Local Spiritual Assembly in French Togoland (Togo)
    1953 Apr
    195-
    The first local spiritual assembly in Finland was established in Helsinki. Helsinki, Finland; Local Spiritual Assemblies first Local Spiritual Assembly in Finland
    1959 Ridván
    195-
    The first local spiritual assembly in Cambodia was formed in Phnom Penh. Cambodia; Local Spiritual Assemblies; Phnom Penh, Cambodia first Local Spiritual Assembly in Cambodia
    1955 Ridván
    195-
    The first local spiritual assembly in the Bahamas was formed in Nassau.
  • For a phono see Worldwide Community of Bahá'u'lláh.
  • Bahamas; Local Spiritual Assemblies; Nassau, Bahamas first Local Spiritual Assembly in Bahamas
    1956 Ridván
    195-
    The first local spiritual assembly of Hong Kong was formed. Hong Kong; Local Spiritual Assemblies first Local Spiritual Assembly Hong Kong
    1956 Ridván
    195-
    With the enrolment of the first Micronesian Bahá'í, the first local spiritual assembly of Guam was formed. Guam; Local Spiritual Assemblies first Local Spiritual Assembly Guam
    1958 Ridván
    195-
    The National Spiritual Assembly of France was formed. [BW13p274]
  • For the message of the Custodians to the French National Convention see MC86–9.
  • France; National Spiritual Assembly, formation first Local Spiritual Assembly France
    1957 Ridván
    195-
    The first local spiritual assembly in Cape Verde was formed in Praia. Cape Verde; Local Spiritual Assemblies; Praia, Cape Verde first Local Spiritual Assembly Cape Verde
    1957 Ridván
    195-
    The first local spiritual assembly in Brunei had already been formed. [BW 13:302] Brunei; Local Spiritual Assemblies first Local Spiritual Assembly Brunei
    1954 Ridván
    195-
    The first local spiritual assembly was formed in British Cameroons. British Cameroon; Local Spiritual Assemblies first Local Spiritual Assembly British Cameroons
    1957 (In the year)
    195-
    Nagoya, Japan, became the only spiritual assembly to be made up entirely of Japanese believers. Japan; Local Spiritual Assemblies; Nagoya, Japan first Local Spiritual Assembly all Japanese
    1954 Ridván
    195-
    The first local spiritual assembly in Algeria was formed in Algiers. [BWIM114] Algeria; Algiers, Algeria; Local Spiritual Assemblies first Local Spiritual Assembly Algeria
    1956 Ridván
    195-
    The first local spiritual assemblies in Korea were formed at Seoul and at Kwangju. Gwangju, South Korea; Korea; Local Spiritual Assemblies; Seoul, South Korea first Local Spiritual Assemblies Korea
    1955 Feb
    195-
    The first local person to become a Bahá'í in Mauritius, Mr Yam-Lim, a Chinese Catholic, enrolled. - First Bahá'ís by country or area; Mauritius first local Bahá’í in Mauritius
    1952 21 Feb
    195-
    For their part in the Africa Campaign, Egypt was asked to send pioneers to Libya and to Algeria. The first pioneer to Libya, Dr. Hussein Gollestaneh, arrived in Benghazi from Egypt.
  • By June 5, 1952 the first Libyan. Mr El Alamy, declared his faith in Bahá'u'lláh. Later in June a Bahá'í family, the Gorrah family, arrived to assist with the teaching work. [BN No 246 August 1951 p10; BN No 260 October 1952 p5]
  • Benghazi, Libya; El Alamy; Gorrah family; Hussein Gollestaneh; Libya first libyan to declare his Faith
    1953 20 Oct
    195-
    Frances Heller arrived in Macau and was named a Knight of Bahá'u'lláh for the island. [BW13:453; PH73]
  • She was the first Knight of Bahá'u'lláh to settle in Chinese territory.
  • - Knights of Bahá'u'lláh; Frances Heller; Macau first Knight of Bahá’u’lláh to settle in Chinese territory
    1953 (In the year)
    195-
    Alfred Amisi (Maragoli), Jacob Kisombe (Mtaita), Laurence Ouna (Mluhya), Labi Mathew (Zulu), and Zablon Bob (Luo) were among the first Kenyans to become Bahá'ís. - First Bahá'ís by country or area; Kenya first Kenyans Bahá’ís
    1954 -09-17-01
    195-
    The first Italo-Swiss Joint Summer School was held September 17-24 in Bex les Bains in Switzerland, and was attended by as many as 75 friends. Dr. Ugo R. Giachery, Hand of the Cause, discussed the Ten-Year Crusade, and Prof. Zeine-Zeine of Beirut lectured on the Kitáb-i-Iqán. For these sessions all the friends were together. Smaller groups, by language, were formed for study of Bahá’í Administration. [Baha'i News. Issue 286, December 1954p4]
  • For a photo see Bahá'í News Issue 291 May 1955 p14.
  • Bex-les-Bains, Switzerland first Italo-Swiss Summer School in Bex-les-Bains Switzerland
    1954 18 Jun
    195-
    The first islander to become a Bahá'í in the Seychelles, Marshall Delcy, a local school teacher, enrolled. - First Bahá'ís by country or area; - Islands; Seychelles first islander Bahá'í in Seychelles
    1959 (In the year)
    195-
    The first Inuit in Alaska to become a Bahá'í, William Wiloya, enrolled in Nome. - First Bahá'ís by country or area; - First believers by background; Alaska, USA; Inuit people; Nome, AK; United States (USA) first Inuit Bahá’í Alaska
    1956 20 May
    195-
    Louisa Mathew Gregory, (b. 1 February 1866 in Penge, Kent, England) whose wedding to Hand of the Cause of God Louis Gregory in 1912 was the first interracial western Bahá'í marriage, passed away in Eliot, Maine. [BW13:878; SYH19, 239]
  • She had been introduced to the Faith by Edith Sanderson in Paris in about December of 1909. Edith had been taught by May Maxwell in 1902. [SYH5, 206]
  • For her obituary see BW13:376–8. Error in this article
    • There was no Bahá'í Congress in Prague in 1928
    • She did not attend Cambridge but rather the examination for her credentials were administered by Cambridge.
    • 'Abdu'l-Bahá did not attend her marriage on the 27 September 1912. He was in Glenwood Springs, Colorado. [SYHvii-viii; 28]
  • Her biography, A Seed in Your Heart - The Life of Louise Mathew Gregory by Janet Fleming Rose was published by George Ronald in 2018.
  • See a brief biography in The Bahá'í Community of the British Isles 1844-1963 p462-464 and for the story of his learning of the Faith, p453-454
  • - Biography; - Births and deaths; - Hands of the Cause; Edith Sanderson; Eliot, ME; Firsts, other; Hands of the Cause, Births and deaths; Kent, England; Louis G. Gregory; Louise Gregory; Maine, USA; Penge, England; United States (USA) first interracial western Bahá’í marriage
    1953 7 – 15 Oct
    195-
    The Asian Intercontinental Teaching Conference was held in New Delhi. [BW12:178; CBN No 50 Mar 1953 p6-7]
  • For Shoghi Effendi's message to the conference see BW12:178–81.
  • At the request of our beloved Guardian a memorial service was held for our dearly loved Hand of the Cause, Mr. Sutherland Maxwell. Loving tributes were paid to his memory by Mr. Remey and Mr. Giachery. [CBN No 50 Mar 1953 p6]
  • For a report of the conference see BW12:181–8.
  • This was the first international Bahá'í gathering ever to be held in the East. [BW12:181; SBR171]
  • It was attended by 489 Bahá'ís representing 31 countries. [BW 12:181]
  • The design for the International Bahá'í Archives was revealed to the Bahá'ís of the world for the first time at this conference. [DH168]
  • Following the New Delhi conference the Hands of the Cause and other visiting Bahá'ís travelled the length and the breadth of the country speaking in universities, teachers' training colleges, agricultural schools, theatres, hotels, Y.M.C.A.'s, at service clubs, and theosophical societies. Prominent citizens representative of the Hindu, Moslem and Christian faiths were chairmen at many of these meetings. There were numerous press conferences and wide-spread newspaper publicity. The Hands of the Cause were able to present Bahá'í books to world famous Indian scholars, to the family of the Maharaja of Indore and to representatives of the press. Perhaps never since Abdu'l·Bahá visited America has the Faith been presented in such a variety of places in so short a time. Dorothy Baker was one of the Hands who participated in this post-conference proclamation. [CBN No54 Jul 1954 p5]
  • - Asia; - Conferences, Intercontinental; - First conferences; Conferences, Bahá'í; Conferences, Teaching; India; International Archives Building (Haifa); New Delhi, India; Teaching; Ten Year Crusade (1953-1963) first international Bahá’í gathering in the East
    1953 12–18 Feb
    195-
    The first Intercontinental Teaching Conference was convened by the British National Spiritual Assembly in Kampala, Uganda. [BW12:121, MBW135-140; BN No 267 May 1953 p5-7]
  • For Shoghi Effendi's message to the conference see BW12:121–4.
  • For a report of the conference see BW12:124–30.
  • It was attended by ten Hands of the Cause, Bahá'ís from 19 countries and representatives of over 30 tribes. [PP413]
  • Over a hundred new African believers attended as personal guests of the Guardian. [PP413]
  • With this conference the Ten Year World Crusade was launched. [BBRSM158–9; BW12:253; MBW41]
  • Picture. [BW12p118]
  • See some candid video footage taken by Ted Cardell.
  • - Africa; - Conferences, Intercontinental; - First conferences; - Hands of the Cause; Conferences, Bahá'í; Conferences, Teaching; Guardianship; Hands of the Cause, Activities; Kampala, Uganda; Teaching; Ten Year Crusade (1953-1963); Uganda first Intercontinental Teaching Conference; first international conference held in Africa
    1958 23–28 Jan
    195-
    The first Intercontinental Conference held at the mid-point of the Crusade convened in Kampala, Uganda. [BW13:317]
  • Hand of the Cause Amatu'l-Bahá Rúhíyyih Khánum, who had been designated by the Guardian as his representative, attended, accompanied by Dr Lutfu'lláh Hakím.
  • For the message of the Custodians to the conference see MC56–60.
  • For a report of the conference see BW13:317.
  • - Africa; - Conferences, Intercontinental; - First conferences; Amatu’l-Bahá Rúḥíyyih Khánum; Conferences, Bahá'í; Conferences, Teaching; Kampala, Uganda; Lutfullah Hakim; Ten Year Crusade (1953-1963); Uganda first Intercontinental Conference at the mid-point of Crusade in Kampala
    1955 (In the year)
    195-
    The first indigenous Samoan to become a Bahá'í, Sa'ialala Tamasese, enrolled.
  • He was a member of one of the three royal families of Samoa. [BINS, No. 100, 1 MARCH 1979, p. 1]
  • - Bahá'í royalty; - First Bahá'ís by country or area; Royalty; Samoa first indigenous Samoan Bahá’í
    1957 (In the year)
    195-
    The first indigenous person to become a Bahá'í in the Dutch West Indies, Rhoma Matthew enrolled. - First believers by background; Lesser Antilles first indigenous Bahá’í in the Dutch West Indies
    1956 (In the year)
    195-
    The first indigenous person to become a Bahá'í in New Guinea, Apelis Mazakmat, a school teacher and member of the local government council, enrolled. Apelis Mazakmat; New Guinea first indigenous Bahá’í in New Guinea
    1956 7 Apr
    195-
    The first indigenous person to become a Bahá'í in Micronesia, 22-year-old Joe Erie Ilengelkei from Palau, Caroline Islands, enrolled. Caroline Islands; Joe Erie Ilengelkei; Palau first indigenous Bahá’í in Micronesia
    1956 (In the year)
    195-
    The first indigenous person to become a Bahá'í in Dutch Guiana (Suriname), George van Axel Dongen, enrolled. Dutch Guiana (Suriname); George van Axel Dongen; Suriname first indigenous Bahá’í in Dutch Guiana (Suriname)
    1958 26 Apr
    195-
    The passing of Dr M Khodad Fozdar in Singapore.

    He was the first Indian Parsi to accept the Faith of Bahá'u'lláh. In 1950 he and his wife Shirin moved to Singapore. He pioneered to the Andaman Islands and became a Knight of Baha'u'lláh in response to the Indian seven-year plan. [BW13p892]

    - Biography; - In Memoriam; - Knights of Bahá'u'lláh; Khodadad M. Fozdar; Shirin Fozdar; Singapore first Indian Parsi to accept the Faith
    1959 2 Jun
    195-
    The first Greek woman to become a Bahá'í, Ketty Antoniou, enrolled in Greece. Greece; Ketty Antoniou first Greek Bahá'í woman
    1953 Oct
    195-
    Albert Nyarko Buapiah became a Bahá'í in Ghana, the first Ghanaian to become a Bahá'í in the country. - First Bahá'ís by country or area; Albert Nyarko Buapiah; Ghana first Ghanaian Bahá’í
    1953 Oct
    195-
    Edmund ('Ted') Cardell arrived in Windhoek and wss named a Knight of Bahá'u'lláh for South West Africa (Namibia). [BW13:456]
  • He was later joined by his wife Alicia and the first German Bahá'ís to pioneer to Africa, Martin and Gerda Aiff and their children.
  • In 1955 Hilifa Andreas Nekundi, (also known as Tate Hilifa), was the first Namibian to become a Bahá'í. Mr. Nekundi later served on the first Local Spiritual Assembly of the Baha'is of Windhoek, and the National Spiritual Assembly of the Baha'is of Namibia. [BWNS280]
  • - Knights of Bahá'u'lláh; Alicia Cardell; Gerda Aiff; Hilifa Andreas Nekundi; Martin Aiff; Namibia; Tate Hilifa; Ted Cardell; Windhoek, Namibia first German Bahá’ís pioneers to Africa; the first Namibian to become a Bahá'í.
    1955 Ridván
    195-
    The first four local spiritual assemblies in The Gambia were formed in Bathurst (Banjul), Serrekunda, Lamin and Brikama. Banjul (Bathurst), The Gambia; Gambia, The; Lamin and Brikama, The Gambia; Local Spiritual Assemblies; Serrekunda, The Gambia first four Local Spiritual Assemblies in The Gambia
    1956 12 Feb
    195-
    The first four people to become Bahá'ís in Hong Kong, Nari Sherwani, Ng Ying Kay, Chan Lie Kun and Chan Lie Fun, enrolled. [PH75] - First Bahá'ís by country or area; Hong Kong first four Bahá’ís in Hong Kong
    1955 Ridván
    195-
    The first five local assemblies in Bechuanaland (Botswana) were formed in Seqonoka, Maseru, Mafeteng, Maphohloane and Sephapos' Gate. Lesotho, South Africa; Local Spiritual Assemblies; Mafeteng, Lesotho; Maphohloane and Sephapos Gate, Botswana; Maseru, Botswana; Seqonoka, Botswana first five Local Spiritual Assemblies in what is now Lesotho
    1950 28 - 30 Jul
    195-
    The First European Teaching Summer School was held in Elsinore, Denmark. [SBBR14p243] Denmark; Elsinore, Denmark; Summer schools First European teaching summer School
    1959 1 Feb
    195-
    The 'first Dependency of the Mashriqul-Adhkár in Wilmette', the Bahá'í Home for the Aged, opened. [BW13:747]
  • For the history of its building see BW13:743–8.
  • For pictures see BW13:742, 744–7.
  • See National Bahá'í Review No 4 April 1968 p11.
  • - Mashriqu'l-Adhkár, Dependencies of; - Mashriqu'l-Adhkár (House of Worship); Homes for the aged; Mashriqu'l-Adhkár, Wilmette; United States (USA); Wilmette, IL first Dependency the Mashriqu’l-Adhkár Wilmette’
    1957 (In the year)
    195-
    The first contacts with the Aboriginal people were made in Kampong Jus in Malacca by Saurajen, as reported at a special meeting held with Hand of the Cause of God, Dr. Muhajir in Malacca on 29 December 1957. [Jewel Among Nations, Splendour Publications, Author A. Manisegaran. Pages 221-222] Aboriginal people; Firsts, other; G. Saurajen; Malacca, Malaysia; Malaysia; Raḥmatu’lláh Muhájir; Selandar, Malaysia first contact with aboriginal population of Malayan peninsula
    1955 23 - 25 Sep
    195-
    International Teaching Conference was held in Nikko, Japan. [Japan Will Turn Ablaze p87, 97] - Conferences, International; - First conferences; Conferences, Bahá'í; Conferences, Teaching; Japan; Nikko, Japan; Teaching first conference held in Japan
    1954 19 Jun
    195-
    The first Canary Islander to become a Bahá'í, Sr. José Jacinto Castillo y Gonzalez, enrolled. - First Bahá'ís by country or area; Canary Islands, Spain first Canary Islander Bahá’í
    1951 (In the year)
    195-
    By this year the first Canadian Inuit had become a Bahá'í. - First Bahá'ís by country or area; - First believers by background; Canada; Inuit people first Canadian Inuit Bahá'í
    1953 Oct
    195-
    Enoch Olinga arrived in Victoria (Limbé) and was named a Knight of Bahá'u'lláh for the British Cameroons. [BW13:449]
  • The first Cameroonian to become a Bahá'í in British Cameroon was a youth, Jacob Tabot Awo.
  • The first Cameroonian adult to become a Bahá'í was Enoch Ngompek of the Bassa tribe.
  • The first Cameroonian woman to become a Bahá'í was Esther Obeu, the wife of David Tanyi.
  • - First Bahá'ís by country or area; - Knights of Bahá'u'lláh; British Cameroon; Cameroon; Enoch Olinga; Limbé, Camaroon; Nigeria first Cameroonian youth Bahá’í; first Cameroonian adult Bahá’í; first Cameroonian woman Bahá’í
    1951 30 Jul
    195-
    Louis Gregory, Hand of the Cause of God, passed away in Eliot, Maine, near Green Acre. [CoF163; BW12:666; TMW310, LOF98; SYH236; BN No 247 September 1951 p1]
  • A national memorial service was held for him at the Temple in Wilmette on the 24th of November 1951. [SYH236]
  • Soon after his passing he was designated by Shoghi Effendi the first Hand of the Cause of his race. (On 5 August, 1951) [BBD91; BW12:666, MoCxxii]
  • Louis Gregory was the first person of his race to be elected to any administrative body in the United States. [-from talk by Louis Venters 2min 13sec]
  • See TG114, 117-8 for a description of his passing .
  • For his obituary see BW12:666–70.
  • See a list of his publications.
  • For biographical information on Hand of the Cause Louis Gregory see Gayle Morrison, To Move the World: Louis G. Gregory and the Advancement of Racial Unity in America (Wilmette, IL, USA Bahá'í Publishing Trust, 1982, 1999 printing).
  • For short biographical information see Bahá'í Encyclopedia]
  • Louis Gregory kept a journal of his visit to 'Abdu'l-Baha in 1911 including statements of 'Abdu'l-Baha, stories of the believers in the Holy Land and his experiences at the Shrines. It includes a selection of tablets 'Abdu'l-Baha addressed to him. A Heavenly Vista: The Pilgrimage of Louis G. Gregory".
  • See Louis Gregory, the Oneness of Humanity, and Highlights in the Development of the African-American Lawyer a presentation by Anthony Vance.
  • - Biography; - Births and deaths; - Hands of the Cause; - In Memoriam; Eliot, ME; Firsts, other; Hands appointed posthumously by Shoghi Effendi; Hands of the Cause, Births and deaths; Louis G. Gregory; Maine, USA; United States (USA) first black Hand of the Cause
    1951 22 Oct
    195-
    Ethel Stephens, the first black American pioneer to Africa, arrived in Accra, the first Bahá'í pioneer to Ghana. [UD273] Ethel Stephens; Ghana first black American pioneer to Africa; first pioneer to Ghana
    1957 3 Feb
    195-
    Enoch Olinga arrived in the Holy Land, the first black African Bahá'í to go on pilgrimage. [BW13p288] - First pilgrims; Enoch Olinga; Haifa, Israel; Pilgrims first black African Bahá’í on pilgrimage.
    1950 Nov
    195-
    Brian Burland, the first Bermudian to become a Bahá'í, accepted the Faith in Canada. - First Bahá'ís by country or area; Bermuda; Canada first Bermudian Bahá'í
    1957 (In the year)
    195-
    The Berbers in Algeria were first contacted by the Bahá'ís and a number of Berber families enrolled. - First believers by background; Algeria; Berbers (people) first Berber Bahá'ís
    1953 Aug
    195-
    The Congo-Belgian colony had its first believers, identified under the term "The Spiritual Sowers". The story begins with Louis Selemani Bin Kimbulu (the first person to accept the Faith) and Sébastien Ilunga Ngoy Buanga Tumba, two Congolese bank officials who were living and working in neighbouring Burundi, where they received, from a servant working for a Western expatriate, a book of Bahá'í prayers which they did not hesitate to liken to a grimoire. Finding it interesting, they sent a letter for further clarification regarding the nature of the prayers to the Bahá'í Publishing House which published the book.

    In response to their correspondence, an American Bahá'í living in Usumbura, present-day Bujumbura, went to meet these two men. Some time after they met, and after conducting the independent search for Truth, they decided to become Bahá'ís. This is how they began to spread the "new message" to their other colleagues at the Bank, all Congolese living in eastern DRC.

    Very quickly, these two young bankers succeeded in finding souls receptive to the message of the Bahá'í teachings. They were 19 in all and constituted the nucleus called "Spiritual Sowers", the founders of the Faith in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. [bahai.org; bahai.org; A Remarkable Response Film 4:18]

    Bujumbura, Burundi; Congo, Democratic Republic of; Louis Selemani Bin Kimbulu; Sébastien Ilunga Ngoy Buanga Tumba first believers in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
    1951 Oct
    195-
    Marthe Jeanne Molitor, the first Belgian Bahá'í to settle in another country, left for the Belgian Congo (Zaire) one day after becoming a Bahá'í. Congo, Democratic Republic of; Marthe Jeanne Molitor first Belgian Bahá’í to settle in another country
    1955 8–15 Feb
    195-
    The first people to become Bahá'ís in Réunion, Paul and Françoise Tayllamin (8 Feb) and Jean Donat and Julien Araye (15 Feb), enrolled. - First Bahá'ís by country or area; France; Reunion Island first Bahá’ís in Réunion
    1956 (In the year)
    195-
    The first people to become Bahá'ís in Cape Verde enrolled. - First Bahá'ís by country or area; - Islands; Cape Verde first Bahá’ís in Cape Verde
    1954 6 Sep
    195-
    The first people to become Bahá'ís in Bechuanaland (Lesotho), Chadwick and 'Maselai (Mary) Mohapi, enrolled. [BW17:449–52] - Africa; Bechuanaland; Lesotho, South Africa first Bahá’ís in Bechuanaland (Lesotho)
    1954 (In the year)
    195-
    José Mingorance Fernandez and his wife, Carmen Tost, a Spanish couple, accepted the Bahá'í Faith; they were the first to enrol in Andorra. - First Bahá'ís by country or area; Andorra first Bahá’ís in Andorra
    1952 Mar
    195-
    Mariette Bolton of Australia visited New Caledonia, the first Bahá'í to visit the islands. [BW15p437]
  • During her visit Mlle Françoise Feminier became a Bahá'í, the first person in New Caledonia to accept the Faith.
  • - First Bahá'ís by country or area; - Islands; New Caledonia first Bahá’í to visit New Caledonia; first Bahá'í in New Caledonia
    1954 (In the year)
    195-
    Mehraban Isfandiar Sohaili arrived on Mayotte and stayed for two months, the first Bahá'í to visit the island. Mayotte; Mehrabán Sohailí first Bahá’í to visit Mayotte
    1955 (In the year)
    195-
    Labíb Isfahání arrived in Abidjan, French West Africa, from Dakar, the first Bahá'í to settle in what is now the Ivory Coast. - First Bahá'ís by country or area; Abidjan, Ivory Coast; French West Africa; Habib Isfahani first Bahá’í to settle in Ivory Coast
    1951 23 May
    195-
    Jamshed and Parvati Fozdar arrived in Kuching with their son, Vijay, and became the first Bahá'ís to settle in Sarawak. - First Bahá'ís by country or area; Jamshed Fozdar; Kuching, Malaysia; Malaysia; Sarawak, Malaysia first Bahá’í residents in Sarawak
    1952 Jun
    195-
    Aaron ('Arthur') B. Wellesley Cole, a Sierra Leonean barrister, returned to Sierra Leone from England, the first Bahá'í to enter the country. - First Bahá'ís by country or area; Sierra Leone first Bahá’í resident Sierra Leon
    1952 c. Jun
    195-
    Dudley Smith Kutendere returned to his home in Nyasaland, becoming the first Bahá'í in the country.
  • He taught the Bahá'í Faith to his brother, who becames the first person to accept the Faith in Nyasaland.
  • Dudley Smith Kutendere; Malawi first Bahá’í resident in Nyasaland; first Bahá’í in Nyasalan
    1950 Dec
    195-
    Jalál Nakhjavání arrived in Tanganyika, the first Bahá'í pioneer to the country. [BW18:79]

    History of the Bahá'í Faith in Tanzania says that Claire Gung was the 1st pioneer of the Bahá'í Faith in the country. Her biography, Claire Gung: Mother of Africa p14 confirms that she disembarked the The Warwick Castle sometime in February, 1951.

    - Pioneers; Claire Gung; Jalal Nakhjavani; Tanganyika, Tanzania first Bahá’í pioneer to Tanganyika
    1953 25 Mar
    195-
    Enayat Sohaili, an Iranian, arrived in Mozambique from India, the first Bahá'í pioneer to the country. [BW13:290]
  • He was imprisoned and deported in June 1953. [BW13:290]
  • - Persecution; - Persecution, Arrests; - Pioneers; - Travel teachers and pioneers, First; Enayat Sohaili; Mozambique; Persecution, Mozambique first Bahá’í pioneer Mozambique
    1954 (In the year)
    195-
    Khodadad Irani settled in Zanzibar, the first Bahá'í to do so. Khodadad Irani; Zanzibar, Tanzania first Bahá’í pioneer in Zanzibar
    1950 (In the year)
    195-
    The Court of the First Instance in Karkúk, Iraq, registered a Bahá'í marriage certificate. [MBW4; UD248]
  • This was the first time in the East, outside Israel, that a Bahá'í marriage was recognized as being legal, an important precedent for other Oriental countries. [MBW4; UD248]
  • Firsts, other; Iraq; Karkuk, Iraq; Marriage; Recognition (legal); Weddings first Bahá’í marriage recognized in the East (outside Israel)
    1954 20 Nov
    195-
    The first person to become a Bahá'í in Tonga, Harry Terepo, born in Rarotonga, Cook Islands, enrolled.
  • He was a teacher, interpreter and guide living in Ohonua on the island of Eua.
  • - First Bahá'ís by country or area; Tonga first Bahá’í in Tonga
    1955 (In the year)
    195-
    The first person to become a Bahá'í in The Gambia, Mr Nichola Banna, a Lebanese merchant, enrolled. - First Bahá'ís by country or area; Gambia, The first Bahá’í in The Gambia
    1957 (In the year)
    195-
    Charles Winfield Small, a native of Barbados and the first to become a Bahá'í in the Bahamas, returned to Barbados, the first Bahá'í to settle in the country. - First Bahá'ís by country or area; Barbados; Central America first Bahá’í in the Bahamas; first Bahá’í to settle in Barbados
    1955 (In the year)
    195-
    The first person to become a Bahá'í in Spanish Sahara, 'Abdu'l-Salam Salím Al-Sbintí, enrolled. - First Bahá'ís by country or area; Spanish Sahara first Bahá’í in Spanish Sahara
    1955 Mar
    195-
    The first person to become a Bahá'í in the Solomon Islands, William Gina, a 43-year-old Solomon Islander from the Western Solomon Islands, enrolled. - First Bahá'ís by country or area; Oceania; Solomon Islands first Bahá’í in Solomon Islands
    1954 Oct
    195-
    The first person to become a Bahá'í in Nassau, Bahamas, Winfield Small, a young police officer from Barbados, enrolled.
  • Mr Small opened Barbados to the Faith.
  • - First Bahá'ís by country or area; Bahamas; Barbados; Nassau, Bahamas first Bahá’í in Nassau, Bahamas
    1953 Ridván
    195-
    Mrs Meherangiz Munsiff, the wife of an Indian diplomat in London, arrived in Madagascar and was acknowledged as the first Bahá'í in the country. [BWNS288]
  • There was one other Bahá'í in Madagascar before Mrs Munsiff but he was not a Bahá'í in good standing.
  • Suffering ill health, Mrs. Munsiff left in January 1954 a day after Danile Randrianarivo, 29, accepted the Faith, becoming the first Malagasy Bahá'í.
  • - First Bahá'ís by country or area; Danile Randrianarivo; Madagascar; Meherangiz Munsiff first Bahá’í in Madagascar
    1954 15 Jul
    195-
    The first person to become a Bahá'í in Macau, Harry P. F. Yim (Yim Pui Foung), a 45-year-old small business proprietor born in Canton, China, enrolled. Harry P. F. Yim (Yim Pui Foung); Macau first Bahá’í in Macau
    1955 14 Mar
    195-
    The first person to become a Bahá'í in Guam, Charles T. Mackey, a United States civil service employee, enrolled. - First Bahá'ís by country or area; Guam first Bahá’í in Guam
    1955 (In the year)
    195-
    The first person to become a Bahá'í in Grenada, John Protain, a waiter at the Santa Maria Hotel, enrolled. Grenada; John Protain first Bahá’í in Grenada
    1951 (In the year)
    195-
    Palle Benemann Bischoff, the first to become a Bahá'í in Denmark, settled in Aasiaat, and became the first Bahá'í to live in Greenland. [MC22]
      Shoghi Effendi had given Canada the goal of opening Greenland, a seemingly impossible task because it was a closed country in which no one could enter with obtaining permission from the Danish government. See BW20p803-804 for John Robarts role in opening the path for Palle Bischoff.
  • Despite having a degree in commercial science, he began his career in Greenland as a fisherman, later working as a manager in a fishing station, and then opening a ski school.
  • He was best known for being the first person to teach the Greenlanders to ski and for having organized the first ski competition in West Greenland.
  • He returned to Denmark in 1954 where he became a member of the first local assembly of Copenhagen as well as the Regional Assembly of Scandinavia and Finland from 1957 until 1963 when he was elected to the first National Spiritual Assembly of Denmark. He also served as a member of the Auxiliary Board from 1963 until 2000. [BW20 p303; Bahaipedia]
  • In 1955 he was replaced by William Carr, a Canadian living on the US Air Force at that time he was the only Bahá'í living in Greenland and remained so until 1965 when Hendrik Olsen of Upernavik. [BN No 417 December 1965 p10]
  • Greenland; John Robarts; Palle Benemann Bischoff first Bahá’í in Denmark; first Bahá’í resident in Greenland
    1957 c.
    195-
    The first local person to become a Bahá'í in Cambodia, Mr Lim Incchin, a young Chinese, enrolled. [Servants of the Glory page23]
  • The country was first settled by two pioneers one of whom was a Professor Avaregan. [Servants of the Glory page21]
  • Cambodia; Lim Incchin; Professor Avaregan first Bahá’í in Cambodia
    1953 (In the year)
    195-
    Grant Mensah, a Ghanaian, became a Bahá'í in Ruanda-Urundi, the first person to accept the Faith in that country. Grant Mensah; Ruanda-Urundi first Bahá’í in Burundi
    1954 Jul c.
    195-
    The first person to become a Bahá'í in Brunei, Daphne Hassan, enrolled. Brunei; Daphne Hassan first Bahá’í in Brunei
    1954 (In the year)
    195-
    The first person to become a Bahá'í in the Balearic Islands, C. Miguel, enrolled. - First Bahá'ís by country or area; - Islands; Balearic Islands, Spain first Bahá’í in Balearic Islands
    1955 Apr
    195-
    The first person to become a Bahá'í in the Bahamas, Molly Newbold, enrolled.
  • As she did not remain a Bahá'í, Arnold Wells, a tinsmith who became a Bahá'í on 20 April, is regarded as the first Bahá'í. Christine Thompson, who owned a small fruit and vegetable shop, and Frank Ferguson, who owned a gas station, also enrolled on 20 April.
  • - First Bahá'ís by country or area; - Islands; Bahamas first Bahá’í in Bahamas
    1951 Dec
    195-
    Brothers-in-law Fred Bigabwa, a Mutoro, and Crispin Kajubi, a Muganda, became Bahá'ís in Uganda, the first to accept the Faith in that country. - First Bahá'ís by country or area; Uganda first Bahá'ís in Uganda
    1952 Jun or Jul
    195-
    Mr C. C. Cheng, a newspaper reporter; Professor L. S. Tso, a professor of engineering; and Miss Rosie Du (Ruthy Tu) became Bahá'ís in Taiwan, the first people to accept the Faith in the country. - Asia; - First Bahá'ís by country or area; Taiwan first Bahá'ís in Taiwan
    1953 27 Dec
    195-
    Gilbert and Daisy Robert, a French couple, become Bahá'ís in Madagascar, the first people to accept the Faith in the country. Daisy Robert; Gilbert Robert; Madagascar first Bahá'ís in Madagascar
    1954 Jul
    195-
    Reginald Stone and Allan Delph became Bahá'ís in British Guiana, the first two people to accept the Faith in that country. - First Bahá'ís by country or area; British Guiana; Latin America first Bahá'ís in British Guiana
    1953 13 Oct
    195-
    Frederick and Elizabeth Laws arrived in Basutoland (Lesotho) and were named Knights of Bahá'u'lláh. [BW13:449, BWNS262 ]
  • For the story of the life of Elizabeth Laws see BW17:459–60.
  • Chadwick Mohapi and his wife became the first Bahá'ís in Basutoland (Lesotho). [TG166]
  • - Knights of Bahá'u'lláh; Basutoland first Bahá'ís in Basutoland (Lesotho)
    1957 28 - 30 Sep
    195-
    First Bahá'í Summer School held in Taiwan. [The Taiwan Bahá'í Chronicle by Barbara R. Sims p21] First summer and winter schools; Summer schools; Taiwan first Bahá'í Summer School held in Taiwan
    1953 20 Jun
    195-
    Shoghi Effendi designated the Maxwell home in Montreal as a Shrine. [MtC179] * Shoghi Effendi (chronology); Canada; Firsts, other; Maxwell residence, Montreal, QC; Montreal, QC; Montreal Shrine first Bahá'í Shrine in North America
    1954 4 Mar
    195-
    The arrival of Knights of Bahá'u'lláh Elena (Marsella) and Roy Fernie in Kiribati (Gilbert Islands). They had come from the National Spiritual Assembly of Panama. [BWNS301, BW13:452]
  • They had left their home in Panama and their service on the National Spiritual Assembly of Panama to pioneer. They arrived on the island of Abaiang (aka Charlotte Island, of the Gilbert Islands), on March 4, 1954 and for this service they were named Knights of Baha'u'llah. About the first of June 1954, former Catholic seminarian and mission teacher Peter Kanere Koru became the first convert on the island.
  • Their teaching work brought opposition from the Roman Catholic priest who told his congregation not to attend the Bahá'í meetings. He began to criticize them in the Roman Catholic newsletter and actually contributed to the knowledge of the Faith because the newsletter had a wide distribution.
  • The priest persisted in his opposition by informing his bishop who asked the government to send the Fernies away and to send Peter Kanere, a native Bahá'í, back to his native island of Tabiteuea. At the time, to be a registered religious organization required a membership of at least 100 believers so the government-approved sending the Fernies away however, in a single night some 300 people registered. A certificate of registration was issued on the 24th of September, 1955, but not before they managed to exile Roy Fernie. Elena continued the teaching work on her own and was responsible for firmly establishing the Faith on Abaiang.
  • Meanwhile, Peter Kanere, back on his home island, managed to teach a Protestant minister who was under discipline of his church at the time. Together they spread the Faith on Tabiteuea. [Island Churches: Challenge and Change by Makisi Finau page 101]
  • For more details on the life of Roy Fernie see Bahaipedia.
  • See also The Origins of the Bahá'í Faith in the Pacific Islands: The Case of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands by Graham Hassall.
  • And Bahá'í Faith in the Asia Pacific: Issues and Prospects also by Graham Hassall.
  • Elena Maria Marsella published The Quest for Eden in 1966.
  • - First Bahá'ís by country or area; - Islands; - Knights of Bahá'u'lláh; Bahá'í World News Service (BWNS); Gilbert and Ellice Islands; Kiribati; Tabiteuea, Kiribati first Bahá'í on Kiribati (Gilbert Islands)
    1957 8 – 21 Jun
    195-
    Hokkaido Island was opened to the Faith by Rouhollah Mumtazi and Gekie Nakajima with the enrolment of new believers Kinkichi Shimatani and Yoshiro Sasaki of Sapporo, Japan. Hokkaido Island, Japan; Japan first Bahá'í on Hokkaido Island
    1952 Feb
    195-
    Enoch Olinga became a Bahá'í, the third Ugandan and the first of the Iteso tribe to accept the Faith.
  • See TG160 for the story of how he became a Bahá'í.
  • Enoch Olinga; Uganda first Bahá'í of Iteso tribe
    1956 c.
    195-
    The first person in Tibet to become a Bahá'í, Chiten Tashi, a young businessman from the village of Chombethan, enrolled. - First Bahá'ís by country or area; Tibet first Bahá'í in Tibet
    1951 Jul
    195-
    Mr P. K. Gopalakrishnan Nayer, an Indian, became a Bahá'í in Dar-es-Salaam, the first person to accept the Faith in Tanganyika. [BW12:53] - First Bahá'ís by country or area; Dar-es-salaam, Tanzania; Tanganyika, Tanzania; Tanzania first Bahá'í in Tanganyika
    1955 Jan
    195-
    Dorothy Senne became the first Bahá'í in South Africa. [BWNS270] Bahá'í World News Service (BWNS); Dorothy Senne; South Africa First Bahá'í in South Africa.
    1952 (In the year)
    195-
    Mr Narain Das, a textile salesman from India working in Singapore, became a Bahá'í, the first person in the country to accept the Faith. A few months later Mr Teo Geok Leng, a Chinese Singaporean, became a Bahá'í, the first native of Singapore to accept the Faith. - First Bahá'ís by country or area; Singapore first Bahá'í in Singapore; first Chinese Singaporean Bahá'í
    1953 May
    195-
    Mary and Reginald (Rex) Collison, an elderly Canadian-American couple, arrived in Ruanda-Urundi (Burundi) from Uganda and were named Knights of Bahá'u'lláh. [BW13:455]
  • For the story of Mary Collison's life see BW15:486–8 as well as Servants of the Glory page34.
  • Arriving in July was Dunduzu Chisza, a young Baha'i from Malawi, (then Nyasaland) The earliest Rwandan Bahá'í whose name is recorded was Alphonse Semanyenzi. [The Bahá'í Faith in Rwanda website; BWNS349]
  • The first Bahá'í to travel through Rwanda may have been Marthe Molitor c. 1947 after becoming a Bahá'í in Belgium. She moved on to the Belgian Congo. [Taarifa]
  • - Knights of Bahá'u'lláh; Alphonse Semanyenzi; Dunduzu Chisza; Marthe Molitor; Mary Collison; Rex Collison; Ruanda-Urundi First Baha'i in Rwanda
    1953 11 Nov
    195-
    Ottilie Rhein (1903-79), an American of German origin, arrived in Mauritius and was named a Knight of Bahá'u'lláh for the island. [BW13:454]
  • For the story of her life see BW18:703–5.
  • On her first expedition to provide necessities for living, she met the proprietor of a shop, Mr. Yim Lim, who became the first resident of the country to join the Faith. [BWNS274]
  • - Islands; - Knights of Bahá'u'lláh; Bahá'í World News Service (BWNS); Mauritius; Ottilie Rhein; Yim Lim first Bahá'í in Mauritius

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