Bahai Library Online

Chronology of the Bahá'í Faith

World Canada
   

Date 198-, sorted by event description, ascending

date event tags firsts
1988 (In the year)
198-
'Arts for Nature', a fund-raising programme held to benefit the work of the World Wide Fund for Nature, was held in London with the collaboration of the Bahá'í International Community. [AWH61; VV106] * Arts and crafts; Bahá'í International Community; Environment; London, England; Nature; United Kingdom; World Wide Fund for Nature
1989 Oct
198-
One Country, the newsletter of the Bahá'í International Community, started publication in five other languages - French, Spanish, Chinese, Russian, and German. The first French language edition of the publication was launched in Paris in October, 1989. Each issue contained two or three in-depth feature stories on the United Nations, noteworthy social and economic development projects, environmental efforts or educational programs, along with an editorial that addresses world problems from a Bahá'í point of view. * Publications; - First publications; - Newsletters; Bahá'í International Community; One Country (magazine) First French language edition of One Country
1983 (In the year)
198-
The Diary of Juliet Thompson with a foreword by Marzieh Gail was published by Kalimat Press. The diary was of one of the earliest Bahá'ís of New York, covering her many hours with 'Abdu'l-Bahá in 1909, 1911, and 1912. It was a vivid personal account of spiritual love and the tests of her faith. [Collins7.2553] * `Abdu'l-Bahá (chronology); `Abdu'l-Bahá, Travels of; Diary of Juliet Thompson; Juliet Thompson; Los Angeles, CA; Marzieh Gail; Pilgrims notes; United States (USA)
1985 22 Nov
198-
The Promise of World Peace was presented to the Secretary-General of the United Nations Javier Perez de Cuellar by Hand of the Cause Amatu'l-Bahá Rúhíyyih Khánum and representatives of the Bahá'í International Community. [BW19:33, 382; VV87] Bahá'í International Community; Javier Perez de Cuellar; Promise of World Peace (statement); United Nations; United Nations, Secretary-Generals
1986 Ridván
198-
The heroic steadfastness of the Persian friends has been the mainspring of tremendous international attention focused on the Cause, eventually bringing it to the agenda of the General Assembly of the United Nations, and, together with world-wide publicity in all the media, accomplishing its emergence from the obscurity which characterized and sheltered the first period of its life. [Ridván Message] - Bahá'í World Centre; Emergence from obscurity
1988 Aug
198-
A 20-day teaching project in Coro, Falcon State, Venezuela, enrolled 120 people in the first two days. [BINS182:7] Falcón, Venezuela; Venezuela
1982 2 – 5 Sep
198-
A Bahá'í International Conference to mark the fiftieth anniversary of the passing of the Greatest Holy Leaf was held in Canberra, Australia, attended by some 2,400 Bahá'ís, twice as many as were expected, from 45 countries. [BW18:100; VV61]
    This conference was originally scheduled to be held in Manila, in the Philippines. [Message from the Universal House of Justice dated March 1981]
  • For the message of the Universal House of Justice see BW18:159–60.
  • For a pictorial report see BW18:147–50.
  • - Conferences, International; Australia; Bahiyyih Khanum (Greatest Holy Leaf); Canberra, Australia; Conferences, Bahá'í
    1982 25 – 27 Jun
    198-
    A Bahá'í International Conference to mark the fiftieth anniversary of the passing of the Greatest Holy Leaf was held in Dublin, Ireland, attended by some 1,900 Bahá'ís from 60 countries. [BW18:100; VV61]
  • For the message of the Universal House of Justice see BW18:156–7.
  • For a pictorial report see BW18:138–40.
  • - Conferences, International; Bahiyyih Khanum (Greatest Holy Leaf); Conferences, Bahá'í; Dublin, Ireland; Ireland
    1982 2 – 5 Sep
    198-
    A Bahá'í International Conference to mark the fiftieth anniversary of the passing of the Greatest Holy Leaf was held in Montreal, Canada, attended by 9,400 Bahá'ís from 101 countries. [BW18:100; VV61]
  • For the message of the Universal House of Justice see BW18:161–2.
  • For a pictorial report see BW18:151–4.
  • - Conferences, International; Bahiyyih Khanum (Greatest Holy Leaf); Canada; Conferences, Bahá'í; Montreal, QC
    1982 6 – 8 Aug
    198-
    A Bahá'í International Conference to mark the fiftieth anniversary of the passing of the Greatest Holy Leaf was held in Quito, Ecuador, attended by some 1,450 Bahá'ís from 43 countries. [BW18:100; VV61]
  • For the message of the Universal House of Justice see BW18:157–8.
  • For a pictorial report see BW18:141–3.
  • - Conferences, International; Bahiyyih Khanum (Greatest Holy Leaf); Conferences, Bahá'í; Ecuador; Quito, Ecuador
    1984 Jun
    198-
    A Bahá'í in Tetuan, Morocco, was arrested and sentenced to three years imprisonment for violating the 1983 ban on Bahá'í meetings. [BW19:49]
  • The response for this arrest was to emphasize the non-partisan and obedience to government principles of the religion. An appeal to the Supreme Court was unsuccessful. [BW19:49]
  • - Persecution; - Persecution, Arrests; Morocco; Persecution, Morocco; Tétouán, Morocco
    1982 19 – 22 Aug
    198-
    A Bahá'í International Conference to mark the fiftieth anniversary of the passing of the Greatest Holy Leaf was held in Lagos, Nigeria, attended by some 1,110 Bahá'ís from 46 countries representing some 90 ethnic groups. [BW18:100; VV61]
  • For the message of the Universal House of Justice see BW18:158–9 In the message the Universal House of Justice reported that in a little more than three decades there were 37 National Spiritual Assemblies, 4,490 Local Assemblies, 29,000 localities with believers drawn from 1,152 tribes.
  • For a pictorial report see BW18:144–6.
  • - Conferences, International; Bahiyyih Khanum (Greatest Holy Leaf); Conferences, Bahá'í; Lagos, Nigeria; Localities where Bahá'ís reside; Nigeria; Statistics
    1989 (In the year)
    198-
    A branch of the Bahá'í International Community's Office of Public Information was established in Hong Kong in anticipation of the time when the Bahá'í Faith can be proclaimed on the mainland of China. [AWH61; VV54] Bahá'í International Community; China; Hong Kong; Office of Public Information
    1983 21 - 23 Nov
    198-
    A brief entitled The Future of Canada: A Bahá'í Perspective was presented to The Royal Commission on the Economic Union and Development Prospects of Canada on behalf of the Canadian Bahá'í Community through the National Spiritual Assembly in Saskatoon. [The Future of Canada: A Bahá'í Perspective] - National Spiritual Assembly, statements; - Statements; Canada; Saskatoon, SK; Social and economic development
    1987 22 Apr
    198-
    A ceremony was held to sign a 'status agreement' between the Bahá'í International Community and the Government of Israel defining the relationship of the Bahá'í World Centre with the State of Israel. [Message of the Universal House of Justice 30 April 1987]
  • Shimon Peres, Vice-President and Foreign Minister, represented the Government of Israel while Donald Barrett signed the agreement in his capacity as Secretary-General of the Bahá'í International Community. [Message from the Universal House of Justice, 30 April 1887]
  • - Bahá'í World Centre; Bahá'í International Community; Donald Barrett; Haifa, Israel; Israel; Shimon Peres; Status agreement This agreement was the first "International Agreement" signed by the BWC with a sovereign government.
    1980 Oct
    198-
    A completely new electrical system was installed in the Shrine of the Báb. [Bahái Chronicles] - Bahá'í World Centre; Báb, Shrine of (Haifa)
    1983 23 May
    198-
    A five year term for the Counsellor members of the International Teaching Centre was established by the Universal House of Justice. [Message 19 May, 1983; BW19:27]

    "... a five-year term for the Counsellor members of the International Teaching Centre. Each term will start on 23 May immediately following the International Bahá'í Convention, and the current term will end on 23 May 1988. Should circumstances prevent the Universal House of Justice from making new appointments at the end of any five-year term, the Counsellors will remain in office until such time as new appointments can be made."

    - Bahá'í World Centre; Appointed arm; Counsellors; International Teaching Centre, Members of; Universal House of Justice
    1988 Sep
    198-
    A five-day teaching project in the Lake Titicaca region of Peru enrolled 738 youth and 1,026 adults, almost half of whom were women. [BINS184:10]
  • A later report gave the figure as over 2,000. [BINS185:8]
  • Lake Titicaca; Peru
    1987 27 Mar
    198-
    A National Spiritual Assembly with its seat in Johannesburg had been in existence continually since 1956. The first Assembly for this region was the National Spiritual Assembly of South and West Africa which included several other countries and territories. The name of the Assembly was changed on this date to the National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of South Africa. [BW20p548]
  • The states of Bophuthatswana, Ciskei, South Africa, and Transkei were merged to form South Africa.
  • Johannesburg, South Africa; National Spiritual Assembly, formation; South Africa
    1981 - 2002
    198-
    A Persian-language Bahá'í quarterly journal entitled `Andalíb was published from 1981 to 2012 under the auspices of the National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of Canada. From issue no. 69, responsibility for the publication was moved to the Association of Bahá'í Studies in Persian (an agency of the National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of Canada).
  • Journals from Year 1 (138-9 BE, 1981-2), Issue 1: Winter to Year 23 (162 BE, 2005-6), Issue 90: Spring are available online at the Afnan Library website.
  • * Publications; Andalib (journal); Association of Bahá'í Studies in Persian; Bahá'í studies; Canada; Ottawa, ON; Thornhill, ON
    1985 (In the year)
    198-
    A regional office of the Bahá'í International Community affiliated with the Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) was established in Bangkok. [BW19:161–2] Bahá'í International Community; Bangkok, Thailand; Social and economic development; Thailand
    1987 Ridván
    198-
    A reorganization of the areas of jurisdiction of local spiritual assemblies in India resulted in the loss of 5,000 assemblies, substantially reducing the overall number of local assemblies in the world. India; Local Spiritual Assemblies; Statistics
    1982 17 Jul
    198-
    A seminar on the life of Bahíyyih Khánum, the Greatest Holy Leaf, was conducted at the Seat of the Universal House of Justice, the first gathering held in the building. [BW18:53–4; VV62]
  • For excerpts from the talk by 'Alí Nakhjavání on this occasion see BW18:59–66.
  • - Bahá'í World Centre; Bahiyyih Khanum (Greatest Holy Leaf); Universal House of Justice, Seat of (Haifa) first gathering held in Seat of the Universal House of Justice
    1984 9 Aug
    198-
    A statement on the encouragement of Bahá'í scholarship was issued by the International Teaching Centre. [BW19p372] - Bahá'í World Centre; Bahá'í scholarship
    1988 Jan
    198-
    A teaching campaign was launched in Chad, resulting in 1,340 new Bahá'ís and 33 new local spiritual assemblies. [BINS187:1] Chad; Local Spiritual Assemblies
    1988 Sep
    198-
    A teaching project in Maddhya Pradesh, India, enrolled 20,000 new Bahá'ís in Morena District. [BINS185:4] India; Madhya Pradesh, India; Mass conversion
    1988 10 Sep
    198-
    A three-month teaching project was launched in Colombia, resulting in 1,245 people becoming Bahá'ís. [BINS193:1] Colombia
    1988 4 Dec
    198-
    A two-week teaching project was launched, resulting in 414 people becoming Bahá'ís, including ten chiefs. [BINS192:4] Mass conversion
    1989 7 Jan
    198-
    A week-long teaching project was launched in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands resulting in 43 enrolments and the re-formation of two local spiritual assemblies. [BINS191:7] Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India; Local Spiritual Assembly, re-formed; Teaching
    1989 15 Dec
    198-
    A World Forestry Charter Gathering organized by the Offices of Public Information in London and New York took place in London. [AWH75; BINS214:1–2]
  • It commemorated the centenary of the birth of Richard St Barbe Baker, the Bahá'í environmentalist who founded the Gatherings in 1945.
  • Environment; London, England; Richard St. Barbe Baker; United Kingdom
    1980 20 Nov
    198-
    Abu'l-Qásim Faizí, Hand of the Cause of God, passed away in Haifa. (b.1906) [BW18:659; VV52]
  • Shoghi Effendi had appointed him among the third contingent on the 2nd of October, 1957. [MoCxxiii]
  • For his obituary see BW18:659–65.
  • See Conqueror of Hearts: Excerpts from Letters, Talks, and Writings of Hand of the Cause of God Abu'l-Qásim Faizí by Abu'l-Qasim Faizi edited by Shirley Macias.
  • - Biography; - Births and deaths; - Hands of the Cause; - In Memoriam; Abu'l-Qásim Faizí; Haifa, Israel; Hands of the Cause, Births and deaths; Hands of the Cause, Third Contingent
    1980 29 Jul
    198-
    Adelbert Mühlschlegel, Hand of the Cause of God, passed away at his pioneer post in Athens, Greece. (b.16 June 1897) [BW18:613; VV52]
  • For his obituary see BW18:611–13.
  • Shoghi Effendi had appointed him among the second contingent on the 29th of February, 1952. [MoCxxiii]
  • Adelbert Milhlschlegel, M.D. (1897-1980) received a Tablet from ' Abdu'I-Bahá and became a close collaborator of Shoghi Effendi who elevated him to the rank of Hand of the Cause. In November 1957 he was asked by Ruhiyyih Khanum to wash and anoint the Guardian's body for burial. Speaking a dozen languages, he taught the Bahá'í Faith in both eastern and western Europe, India, Africa, and South America. Adelbert MiihlschJegel worked on many important translations, wrote a World History, and left a book of poetry. He passed away in Athens and is buried at the foot of the Acropolis. [The German Baha'i Community under National Socialism p30]
  • - Biography; - Births and deaths; - Hands of the Cause; - In Memoriam; Adelbert Mühlschlegel; Athens, Greece; Greece; Hands of the Cause, Births and deaths
    1982 Jan
    198-
    After a lapse of six years, the first formal meeting of the National Spiritual Assembly of Laos was held at the Bahá'í Centre. [BW18:96; BW19:49] Laos; National Spiritual Assembly, Laos
    1982 23 Oct
    198-
    Akhtar Sabet was born into a Baha'i family. Her father owned a small shop and she assisted him while also acquiring an education at school. At the age of 18, on 8 December 1978, her family home and shop were looted, as were the properties of the other Baha'is living in the area. They were forced to leave Sarvestan and moved to Shiraz where she continued her studies and later graduated as a nurse. She worked at a hospital and taught Bahá'í children's classes. She was arrested and first held at the Sepah Detention Centre for 38 days. She was then transferred to Adilabad prison and executed on 18 June 1983, together with 9 other women. [Tweet from @BahaiBIC 18 July 2023] * Persecution, Iran; Iran; Iran; Sarvestan, Iran; Shíráz, Iran
    1983 Sep
    198-
    All property and endowments owed by the Bahá'í administration in Iran was seized.

    The acquisition, preservation, and maintenance of the places directly associated with the history of the Bahá'í faith had been among the goals of the community since its early years. These places consisted of houses and sites associated with the principal figures of the Faith, burial places of Bahá'í saints, places where the martyrdoms of believers took place, prisons, fortresses, and defense centres of heroes and renowned Bahá'ís. The fact that these places were located throughout the country made their care a major undertaking for various committees at local and national levels. The work included the registration, description, and photographing of the sites in addition to their regular maintenance and restoration. In the late 1960s more than 124 holy places belonged to the faith in various localities throughout the country. There were more than 200 national and 452 local endowments consisting of Bahá'í centres, cemeteries, hostels, and public baths. [Department of Statistics, Baháʾí World Centre, Haifa, "Persia - Nine Year Plan File," 14 January 1969]

    In addition the Bahá'is had acquired 3.58 square kilometers of land on the slopes of Mount Alborz, named Ḥadīqa, in northeast Tehran, for the eventual construction of a National Mašreq al-Aḏkār. Although the temple had not yet been built a complex of buildings had been erected on the site to serve as the seat of Bahá'í summer schools and other social and administrative activities. [BW10p48; BAHAISM v. The Bahai Community in Iran by V. Rafati]

    * Persecution, Iran; - Mashriqu'l-Adhkár (House of Worship); Iran; Mashriqu'l-Adhkár, Tihran; Statistics; Tehran, Iran
    1981 11 Jun
    198-
    All the title deeds, deeds of ownership and the plans [buildings] in various cities which were available and registered in the books of the Nawnahalan Company, were forfieted to the Iranian government. In addition, the title deed of Gypsum Mines in the Village of Mesgarabad, which belonged to the company, was also confiscated. [Archives of Bahá'í Persecution in Iran]

    * Persecution, Iran; Nawnahalan; Tehran, Iran
    1982 14 May
    198-
    Amoz Gibson, (b. 3 Aug 1918 Washington), a member of the Universal House of Justice from 1963 until 1982, passed away in Haifa. He was buried in the Bahá'í Cemetery in Haifa. [BW18:669; VV52]
  • His diagnose was acute lymphoblastic leukemia. See Bahá'í Chronicles for a brief biography.
  • For his obituary see BW18:665–9.
  • Find a grave.
  • Elected to the Universal House of Justice to replace him was Mr. Glenford Mitchell. He was born in Jamaica and held a Masters degree in journalism from Columbia University. An author, he had worked as a magazine editor and managing editor and taught English and journalism at Howard University. He served as chief executive officer of the National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of the United States from 1968 until his election to the Universal House of Justice. [BWNS208]
  • - Bahá'í World Centre; - Biography; - Births and deaths; - In Memoriam; Amoz Gibson; Bahá'í World News Service (BWNS); Glenford Mitchell; Universal House of Justice, Members of
    1988 Sep
    198-
    An intensive teaching campaign in Kenya enrolled 448 new Bahá'ís. [BINS184:8] Kenya
    1981 Jul
    198-
    An International Chinese Teaching Committee was appointed by the Universal House of Justice. [BW19:76] Universal House of Justice
    1984 30 Aug - 2 Sep
    198-
    An International Teaching Conference was held to coincide with the dedication of the House of Worship at Apia, Western Samoa. [BW19:548–54; VV64]
  • For a report of the conference see BW19:548–54.
  • For the message of the Universal House of Justice see BW19:555–6.
  • For pictures see BW19:475, 547–57 and VV64.
  • - Conferences, International; Apia, Samoa; Conferences, Bahá'í; Conferences, Teaching; Mashriqu'l-Adhkár, Apia, Samoa; Samoa; Teaching
    1985 5 – 8 Apr
    198-
    An International Youth Conference to support the United Nations International Youth Year was held in Bophuthatswana, attended by 198 people. [BW19:300] - Africa; - Conferences, International; Bophuthatswana, South Africa; Conferences, Bahá'í; Conferences, Youth; International Youth Year (1985); South Africa; Youth
    1985 3 – 7 Jul
    198-
    An International Youth Conference to support the United Nations International Youth Year was held in Columbus, Ohio, United States attended by more than 3,200 youth from 42 nations. [BW19:300] - Conferences, International; Columbus, OH; Conferences, Bahá'í; Conferences, Youth; International Youth Year (1985); North America; Ohio, USA; United States (USA); Youth
    1985 8 – 11 Aug
    198-
    An International Youth Conference to support the United Nations International Youth Year was held in Kauai, Hawaii, attended by 300 youth from nine Pacific countries. [BW19:301]
  • For picture see BW19:321.
  • - Conferences, International; - Conferences, International; Conferences, Bahá'í; Conferences, Youth; Hawaii, USA; International Youth Year (1985); Kauai, HI; Oceania; Youth
    1985 2 – 5 Aug
    198-
    An International Youth Conference to support the United Nations International Youth Year was held in Lima, Peru, attended by 500 youth from 18 countries and representing four native tribes. [BW19:300]<
  • For picture see BW19:322.
  • - Conferences, International; - Conferences, International; - Conferences, International; Conferences, Bahá'í; Conferences, Youth; International Youth Year (1985); Latin America; Lima, Peru; Peru; Youth
    1985 Aug
    198-
    An International Youth Conference to support the United Nations International Youth Year was held in Molepolole, Botswana, attended by 119 youth from six countries. [BW19:300]
  • For picture see BW19:320.
  • - Africa; - Conferences, International; Botswana; Conferences, Bahá'í; Conferences, Youth; International Youth Year (1985); Molepolole, Botswana; Youth
    1985 Aug
    198-
    An International Youth Conference to support the United Nations International Youth Year was held in New Delhi, India, attended by more than 550 youth from 24 countries. [BW19:300] - Asia; - Conferences, International; Conferences, Bahá'í; Conferences, Youth; India; International Youth Year (1985); New Delhi, India; Youth
    1985 1 – 4 Aug
    198-
    An International Youth Conference to support the United Nations International Youth Year was held in Port Dickson, Malaysia, attended by 1,300 youth from 15 countries, the largest gathering of Bahá'ís ever held in Malaysia. [BW19:301] - Asia; - Conferences, International; Conferences, Bahá'í; Conferences, Youth; International Youth Year (1985); Malaysia; Port Dickson, Malaysia; Youth
    1985 (In the year)
    198-
    Annemarie Krüger, who began travelling to Moldavia to teach the Bahá'í Faith in 1974, was named a Knight of Bahá'u'lláh by the Universal House of Justice, although she never lived in the country. [Candle9 28 July, 2008] - Knights of Bahá'u'lláh; Moldova; Travel teaching
    1982 23 Oct
    198-
    Authorities arrested 45 Bahá'ís in Shiraz on the order of the prosecutor. On October 30th another 40 Baha'is were arrested. In all cases, they were arrested simply because of their religious beliefs. Some were later released but many of those arrested were subjected to interrogation and excruciating torture. The interrogations and torture were carried out to extract information about Bahá'í organizations and to force prisoners to renounce their faith and convert to Islam.
  • The Revolutionary Court of Shiraz sent 22 of those arrested to the gallows. The executions began on January 1, 1983, with the killing of Hedayatollah Siavoshi.
  • The last of the group to die was Soheil Houshmand on June 28, 1983.
  • The oldest among the executed Bahá'ís was Abdolhossein Azadi, 66, and the youngest was Mona Mahmoudinejad, a high school student of 17.
  • The entire Eshraghi family — father, mother and daughter — were executed. Also executed were a mother and son, Nosrat and Bahram Yaldaie, and a young couple, Jamshid and Tahereh Siavoshi. Yadollah, the father of 17-year-old Mona Mahmoudinejad, was also killed.
  • Ahmad Sabet Sarvestani was the only one among them who died in prison as a result of torture before he could be hanged. [Iran Press Watch 19466]
  • * Persecution, Iran; - Deaths; - Persecution; - Persecution; - Persecution, Arrests; Iran; Mona Mahmudnizhad; Shíráz, Iran; Youth
    1982 20 Jan
    198-
    Ayatollah Mohammadi Gilani, who at the time was lead religious judge and head of the Central Islamic Revolutionary Courts, and Assadollah Lajevardi, Tehran's Revolutionary Prosecutor, in a press conference regarding the execution of 15 Bahá'í citizens, members National Assembly Tehran's Local Assembly, said: "These people, who have been executed, had been proven to be spying for Israel and its allies, in the Islamic Republic's Sharia courts, and have been punished for their actions according to the Holy Quran." No evidence was offered to substantiate the accusation that they were spies. Nor did any of the Bahá'ís convert to Islam, if they had, the court would have acquitted them of the charges and commuted the death sentence. Iran Press Watch 7 January 2020] * Persecution, Iran; Tehran, Iran
    1989 16 – 17 Sep
    198-
    Bahá'ís in Liechtenstein mounted a display of Bahá'í books and an exhibition at an international festival for peace, justice and the preservation of creation held in Balzers, the first time they have been allowed to have a booth or stand of any kind in public. [BINS209:8] Exhibitions; Firsts, other; Liechtenstein first pubic display booth or stand Liechtenstein
    1983 Dec
    198-
    Bahá'ís were arrested in Mohammadieh and Casablanca, Morocco. [BW19:49]
  • The Bahá'ís in Mohammadieh were convicted of violating the ban on Bahá'í meetings, were sentenced to two years' imprisonment but were released. [BW19:49]
  • - Persecution; - Persecution, Arrests; Casablanca, Morocco; Mohammadieh, Morocco; Morocco; Persecution, Morocco
    1988 (In the year)
    198-
    Branches of the Bahá'í International Community's Office of Public Information were established in Paris and London. [VV54] Bahá'í International Community; London, England; Paris, France
    1980 Sep
    198-
    Building work began on the Samoan House of Worship. [BW18:104] - Mashriqu'l-Adhkár (House of Worship); Apia, Samoa; Mashriqu'l-Adhkár, Apia, Samoa; Samoa
    1987 26 Jan
    198-
    Charles Wolcott (b. September 29, 1906 in Flint, MI) member of the Universal House of Justice, passed away in Haifa. [BINS162:1; VV97]
  • Mr Wolcott passed away on the day he dictated the essay in the Forward of the book The Creative Circle: Art, Literature, and Music in Bahá'í Perspective edited by Michael Fitzgerald and published by Kalimat Press in 1989. [The Creative Circle pgx-xx]
  • See a video tribute entitled In Memory of Charles Wolcott, 1906-1987.
  • Wikipedia.
  • Elected in his stead was Dr. Peter Khan. He was born in Australia, held professorial posts in electrical engineering at universities in the United States and Australia. He served as an Auxiliary Board member, a member of the National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of Australia, and a Continental Counsellor before being appointed to the International Teaching Centre. [BWNS208]
  • - Bahá'í World Centre; - Biography; - Births and deaths; - In Memoriam; Auxiliary board members; Bahá'í World News Service (BWNS); Charles Wolcott; Peter Khan; Universal House of Justice, Members of
    1943 - 1983
    198-
    Child's Way was a periodical published by the National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of the United States beginning in 1943. It aimed to serve parents, teachers and children. In January 1968 the periodical shifted to focus more on children, providing games, stories, puzzles, songs and other material for kids. It was "published bi-monthly in January, March, May, July, September and November in Baltimore, Maryland. [National Bahá'í Review Issue 9 September 1968 p9]
  • A partial collection an be found at Bahaiworks.
  • Baltimore, MD; Child's Way (periodical); Maryland, USA
    1986 (In the year)
    198-
    Community-based Bahá'í health care programmes were launched in Kenya, Uganda and Swaziland, spearheaded by Dr Ethel Martens of Canada. Ethel Martens; Kenya; Swaziland; Uganda
    1984 Ridván
    198-
    Delegates at the United States National Convention petition the Universal House of Justice requesting that the law of Huqúqu'lláh be made binding on the American Bahá'ís. [AWH30; ZK146–77]
  • The Universal House of Justice replied that it is not yet the time to take this step. [AWH30, Message from the Universal House of Justice dated 6 August, 1984]
  • - Gradual implementation of laws; Conventions, National; Huququllah, Basic timeline; United States (USA); Universal House of Justice
    1987 20 Mar
    198-
    Dr Peter Khan was elected to the Universal House of Justice. [Mess86-01p18]
  • Dr. Peter Khan, born in Australia, held professorial posts in electrical engineering at universities in the United States and Australia. He served as an Auxiliary Board member, a member of the National Spiritual Assembly of the Baha'is of Australia, and a Continental Counsellor before being appointed to the International Teaching Centre.
  • - Bahá'í World Centre; Auxiliary board members; Peter Khan; Universal House of Justice, Election of
    1989 5 Jul
    198-
    Dr Ugo Giachery (b. 13 May, 1896, Palermo, Sicily), Hand of the Cause of God, passed away while on a visit to Western Samoa. [BINS204:1; VV123]
  • He died while visiting Samoa and was interred on the mountainside at Tiapapata, Apia, in view of the Pacific Ocean. His funeral service was attended by by His Highness Malietoa Tanumafili II, the Prime Minister of Samoa, four Ministers of Cabinet, four Counsellors, five Auxiliary Board members, representatives of six national communities of the Pacific, and over two hundred believers from many parts of the country. [LoF241)
  • For the cable of the Universal House of Justice see BINS204:1.
  • Shoghi Effendi had appointed him among the first contingent on the 24th of December, 1951. [MoCxxiii]
  • Wikipedia
  • For a short biography see LoF223-242.
  • See Bahá'í Chronicles.
  • - Biography; - Births and deaths; - Hands of the Cause; - In Memoriam; Apia, Samoa; Hands of the Cause, Births and deaths; Hands of the Cause, First Contingent; Samoa; Tiapapata, Samoa; Ugo Giachery
    1981 23 Jun
    198-
    Dr. Masih Farhangi had spent 502 days in the Evin Prison before his martyrdom by firing squad. For his execution he was accompanied by three other Baha'i souls: Mr. Badi'u'llah Farid, Yadu'llah Pustchi, and Varqa Tibyaniyan. Dr Farhangi was known as the "Prison Angel" for his service as the prison physician by treating his prison mates, who were clearly not receiving the medical care they needed by the prison establishment. [The Life and Services of Dr. Masih Farhangi by Dr. Farhang Farhangi (Jabbari); translated by: Farzin Farhangi; first edition 2020; publisher: Baran, Sweden].
  • See Iran Wire for details of Dr Farhangi's life. [BW20p393; Abdorrahman Boroumand Center; Bahaipedia]
  • * Persecution, Iran; - Persecution, Deaths; Iran; Tehran, Iran
    1985 18 Oct
    198-
    Dr. Rudolph Kirchlaeger, the President of Austria, was the first head of state to receive The Promise of World Peace. [Mess63-86p681; Mess 63-86p698] Firsts, other; Promise of World Peace (statement) the first head of state to receive "The Promise of World Peace"
    1984 c. Dec
    198-
    Dr. Ruhollah Taelim, a popular physician living in Kermanshah, was hanged in Tehran in 1984 at the age of 47 on charges of following the Bahá'í faith. For his story see The Bahá'í Doctor Hanged for Refusing to Deny His Faith. * Persecution, Iran; - Persecution, Deaths; Iran; Kirmánsháh, Iran; Ruhollah Taelim; Tehran, Iran
    1989 (In the year)
    198-
    During a three-week teaching effort on the island of Tobago, 450 people became Bahá'ís. [BINS201:7] Mass conversion; Teaching; Trinidad and Tobago
    1983 (In the decade)
    198-
    During its first decade in power, the Islamic regime openly persecuted and killed Bahá'ís. These persecutions, however, caused reaction in the international community. In response to the international calls for the persecutions to be stopped, Siyyid Husayn Musawi, then the attorney general of Iran, declared that the Bahá'ís were not being harassed for their religious beliefs but because they were Israel spies. This was despite the fact that by that time it had become plainly obvious that the attorney general's so-called "spies" could avoid maltreatment and persecution by openly denouncing their faith. The Bahá'í community forcefully denied the charges and challenged the attorney general to produce evidence to back his allegations. [Iran Press Watch 1407] * Persecution, Iran; - Persecution; - Persecution, Other; Conspiracy theories; Iran
    1989 18 Dec - 1990 2 Jan
    198-
    During the Youth Winter School in Traben-Trarback participants from 12 countries including East Germany, Romania, Hungary and the Soviet Union gathered for the first time since the Second World War. [BINS215:2] - Conferences, International; - First conferences; Conferences, Bahá'í; Conferences, Youth; Eastern Europe; Germany; Russia; Soviet Union; Traben-Trarbach, Germany; Winter schools; Youth first gathering soviet-bloc countries since WW II
    1980 Apr
    198-
    Eight Bahá'ís were arrested in Tabríz; five were released after signing an agreement not to take part in Bahá'í administrative activities. [BW18:256]
  • Two of the others, members of the local assembly, were put on trial and executed on 14 July 1982. [BW18:256]
  • * Persecution, Iran; - Persecution; - Persecution, Arrests; - Persecution, Deaths; Iran; Tabríz, Iran
    1981 27 Dec
    198-
    Eight of the nine members of the replacement National Spiritual Assembly of Iran were executed. They replaced the members who had been arrested and who had "disappeared" in August of 1980. The members of the second National Assembly were: Mr. Mihdi Amin Amin, Mrs. Zhinus Mahmudi, Dr. 'Izzatu'lláh Furúhi, Mr. Kamran Samimi, Mr. Jalal Azizi, Dr. Mahmud Madjhub, Mr. Sirus Rawshani Oskui, and Mr. Qudratu'llah Rawhani. Gítí Vahíd was absent from the meeting of the National Spiritual Assembly through illness and so was not arrested. [BI13; BW19:43; Message from the Universal House of Justice 28 December 1981]
  • Note: The Archives of the Bahá'í Persecution in Iran reports that seven members of the second National Assembly after the revolution were executed in December 1981. There is a photo but the members are not identified.
  • See Iran Press Watch # 20394.
  • A video of the trial of the second Assembly was shown on the BBC on the 17th of October, 2015. Mrs Ahinous Ne'mat was not present in the video. The remaining members shown were: Mahmound Madjzoob, Kamran Samimi, Jalal Azizi, Qudrat'u'llah Rohani, Mehdi Amin Amin, Sirous Roshani Oskou'i, and Ezzat'u'allah Fououhi.
  • See Letter From Zhínús Mahmúdí to Her Three Children, 7 June 1981. Her husband Húshang had been elected to the first National Spiritual Assembly. He had been arrested on 21 August 1980 and his whereabouts are still unknown. His wife was arrested on 13 December 1981 and she was executed on the 27th. The Telegraph 22JUN24 [World Order, Series 2, Volume_17 Issue 1 p32-35] IIIII
  • Link to Muna Mahmoudi's talk on Sacrifice & Martydom.
  • See Religion New Service 2 April, 2020 for a story about the execution of Kamran Samimi and his companions. For a brief biography of Kamran Samini see Wikipedia.
  • See Iran Wire for details of the life of Dr Sirous Rowshani Oskui.
  • * Persecution, Iran; - Persecution; - Persecution, Deaths; Iran; National Spiritual Assembly, Iran
    1988 Jul
    198-
    Eighty–nine people became Bahá'ís in Belize. [BINS186:2] Belize
    1987 (In the year)
    198-
    Faced with unrelenting religious persecution involving a wide range of human rights violations, the Bahá'í Institute for Higher Education (BIHE) was founded in response to the Iranian government's continuing campaign to deny Iranian Bahá'ís access to higher education.
  • See BIHE Website.
  • BIHE developed several unique features which have become its defining strengths. Courses were delivered at the outset by correspondence, soon complemented by in-person classes and tutoring. Later on, leading-edge communication and education technologies were included. In addition, an affiliated global faculty (AGF) was established that comprised of hundreds of accredited professors from universities outside Iran who assisted BIHE as researchers, teachers and consultants.
  • The BIHE was to evolve such that it could offer 38 university-level programs across 5 faculties and continued to develop and deliver academic programs in Sciences, Engineering, Business and Management, Humanities, and Social Sciences. It provided and continues to provide its students with the necessary knowledge and skills to not only persevere and succeed in their academic and professional pursuits, but to be active agents of change for the betterment of the world.
  • The BIHE's commitment to high academic standards, international collaboration and its innovative teaching-learning environment has been increasingly recognized as graduates excelled in post graduate studies internationally. [See list] These unique strengths of BIHE, together with the top-ranking marks of its students, have helped secure its graduates places at over 87 prestigious universities and colleges in North America, Europe, Australia and Asia (India). [Closed Doors, Chapter IV; BIHE]
  • See the statement The Bahá'í Institute Of Higher Education: A Creative And Peaceful Response To Religious Persecution In Iran presented by the Bahá'í International Community to the 55th Session of the UN Commission on Human Rights under Agenda item 10 of the provisional agenda: "The Right to Education" in Geneva, 22 March - 30 April 1999.
  • See Iran Wire 20 January 2023 for the notice of passing of Dr Parviz Javid, one of the three professors who are credited with founding the Bahá'í Institute for Higher Education.
  • See Iran's Systemic Denial of Access to Higher Education by Saman Sabeti.
  • * Persecution, Iran; - BIC statements; - Persecution; - Persecution; - Persecution, Education; Bahá'í Institute for Higher Education (BIHE); Education; Human rights; Iran
    1989 Jul - Aug
    198-
    Five European Regional 'Peace Moves' Youth Conferences were held in different parts of the continent. - Europe; Conferences, Bahá'í; Conferences, Youth; Peace; Youth
    1983 Mar
    198-
    Five local and two pioneer Bahá'ís were arrested, interrogated and held briefly in prison in Mauritania. [BW19:49]
  • The National Assembly was dissolved. [BW19:49]
  • - Persecution; - Persecution, Arrests; Mauritania; NSA; Persecution, Mauritania
    1985 13 Dec
    198-
    For the first time, the United Nations General Assembly adopted a resolution on the human rights situation in Iran which contained specific references to the Bahá'ís. [BW19:38; VV55] * Persecution, Iran; - Persecution; - Persecution, Other; Bahá'í International Community; Human rights; Iran; United Nations first resolution on human rights that specifically mentions the situation of the Bahá'ís in Iran.
    1989 Aug
    198-
    Forty Bahá'ís from Réunion, Mauritius, Seychelles and France joined a teaching campaign in Madagascar during which 724 people become Bahá'ís. [BINS217:4] Madagascar; Mass conversion
    1985 23 Feb
    198-
    Forty–one Bahá'ís from various parts of Egypt were arrested, charged with offences against laws introduced in 1960 banning activities of Bahá'í institutions. [BW19:41, 283]
  • For an account of the event, its aftermath and the press campaign surrounding it see BW19:283–7.
  • - Persecution; - Persecution, Arrests; - Persecution, Bans; Egypt; Persecution, Egypt
    1984 (In the year)
    198-
    Four Bahá'ís, one of whom had already spent five years in prison, were imprisoned in Indonesia, convicted of membership in a banned religious organization, with teaching the Bahá'í Faith and with insulting Islám. [BW19:42]
  • The prison terms ranged from one to five years. [BW19:42]
  • - Persecution; - Persecution, Arrests; - Persecution, Court cases; Court cases; Indonesia; Persecution, Indonesia
    1986 23 May
    198-
    Fourteen State Bahá'í Councils were elected in India by members of local spiritual assemblies. [BW19:162; VV99–100]
    • For a description of the Councils and their responsibilities see BW19:162–4.
    • The State Bahá'í Council was the forerunner for the Regional Bahá'í Council which was announced on the 30th of May, 1997.
    India; Regional Bahá'í Councils; State Bahá'í Councils
    1982 (In the month)
    198-
    French Minister of State for the Interior, Gaston Defferre. and Mme. Defferre, were formally welcomed by the Secretary General of the Bahá’í International Community on behalf of the Universal House of Justice on their visit to the Seat of the House of Justice. The visit was the first by a government official of cabinet rank following occupation of the Seat. Those present were: Mr. Mohsen Enayat, World Centre Legal Officer; M. Defferre; Mr. Donald Barrett, Secretary General of the Bahá’í International Community; His Worship Arieh Gurel, Mayor of Haifa; and Mme. Defferre, who is better known as Edmonde Charleroux, one of Europe’s leading authors. [BW18p137] Donald Barrett; Mohsen Enayat The visit was the first by a government official of cabinet rank following occupation of the Seat.
    1988 18 Dec
    198-
    H. Borrah Kavelin, (b. 18 March, 1906, Russia), former member of the first House of Justice, passed away in Albuquerque, New Mexico. He was buried in Fairview Memorial Park in Albuquerque. [VV97]
  • A biography.
  • Find a grave
  • - Biography; - Births and deaths; - In Memoriam; Albuquerque, NM; H. Borrah Kavelin; New Mexico, USA; United States (USA); Universal House of Justice, Members of
    1989 4 Nov
    198-
    Half a million citizens had gathered in East Berlin's public square Alexanderplatz, calling for change. Five days later, the German Democratic Republic, facing mounting public pressure from its people, relented. They thought they could calm the protests by loosening the border controls, making it easier for East Berliners to travel, without opening the border up completely. A spokesperson for the East German government, Günter Schabowski, held a hastily arranged press conference to announce the changes. But in a moment that would alter the course of history, he mistakenly declared that East Germans would be allowed to cross the border freely, effective immediately.

    The announcement stunned the journalists at the press conference, who greeted it with first disbelief and then elation. The news spread like wildfire and within hours, thousands of East Germans began flocking to the checkpoints along the wall.

    They were met by bewildered border guards, struggling to understand what their instructions were regarding this new policy. At around 22:45, overwhelmed by the sheer number of people arriving and lacking any clear orders, the border guards finally opened the gates and overjoyed East Germans flowed over into West Berlin. [BBC]

    Berlin, Germany; Berlin Wall, Germany; East Germany
    1988 (In the year)
    198-
    Hand of the Cause of God William Sears and his wife Marguerite Reimer Sears initiated the first Desert Rose Bahá'í School with the assistance of a core group of dedicated friends. This became an annual event for the Southern Arizona Bahá'í's each Thanksgiving weekend and was held in a rented hall in Tucson, Arizona.

    in 1992, after the passing of her husband, Mrs Sears was encouraged by the Universal House of Justice to expand the four-day Desert Rose Bahá'í school to a permanent institute.

    In 1996 Mrs Sears, with the help of many friends, purchased land near Eloy, Arizona for the development of the Desert Rose Bahá'í Institute, which she envisioned as an Institute for education in the arts and agriculture. When the land was purchased, the Round House was the only building on the property. A cottage was constructed for Mrs. Sears that provided both comfortable living space and room where she could work with partners on cataloguing and publishing some of Bill Sears' remaining works while building a library. The following year the Desert Rose Bahá'í Institute was incorporated with Not-for-Profit status.

    Since that time a Meeting and Dining Hall was built and a Guest House was constructed near the Sears Cottage was built by David Hadden for use by him and his family. In 2018 this Guest House was converted into and Art Gallery. In 2001 a 16 rental apartment was built to help offset the operating costs. In 2004 the William Sears Pavilion was dedicated. It was designed as a place were people could go to reflect, pray, meditate, or celebrate. More accommodations were built in 2005 in the name of the Guffey Center, honouring two volunteers, Ray and Gloria Guffey.

    In 2017 the DRBI was granted a licence to operate a low power (LP) radio station for Eloy Arizona to serve the community. Radio station KURE was licensed to operate on 106.1 FM as part of the Institute.

    In 2019 DRBI Board member Dwight Cox initiated an agricultural project to grow organic produce. [DRBI website; Desert Rose Bahá'í Institute - History]

    Bahá'í-owned radio; Bahá'í Radio; Institutes; Tucson, AZ; United States (USA)
    1980 12 Feb
    198-
    Hasan M. Balyuzi, Hand of the Cause of God, passed away in London. (b. 7 September, 1908, Shiraz, Iran). He was buried at the New Southgate Cemetery London. [BW18:635; VV52, Mess63-86p442]
  • For his obituary see BW18:635–51 and SBBR5:XI–XX.
  • Shoghi Effendi had appointed him among the third contingent on the 2nd of October, 1957. [MoCxxiii]
  • See Bahá'í Chronicles for a biography.
  • For a brief biography see Balyuzi, Hasan M. by Richard Francis and A Bio-bibliographic Sketch by Moojan Momen found in SBBR Vol 5 page XI-XIX.
  • See a brief biography in The Bahá'í Community of the British Isles 1844-1963 p462-464 and for the story of his learning of the Faith, p449-451
  • For some essays and excerpts from Hasan Balyuzi's work see Bahá'í Library.
  • Find a grave.
  • - Biography; - Births and deaths; - Hands of the Cause; - In Memoriam; Bahá'í studies; Hands of the Cause, Births and deaths; Hasan Balyuzi; London, England; United Kingdom
    1981 23 May
    198-
    Helmut Winkelbach, Knight of Bahá'u'lláh for Belarus, married Olga Grigorevna Dolganova, a Russian, their wedding ceremony was the first Bahá'í wedding in the Soviet Union. - Knights of Bahá'u'lláh; Firsts, other; Helmut Winkelbach; Olga Grigorevna Dolganova; Russia; Soviet Union; Weddings first Bahá’í wedding in Soviet Union
    1984 21 Oct
    198-
    His Excellency Chaim Herzog, President of the State of Israel, pays an official visit to the Bahá'í World Centre at the invitation of the Universal House of Justice. [BW19:377; VV88]
  • This is the first visit by a head of state to the Seat of the House of Justice. [VV88]
  • - Bahá'í World Centre; - Presidents; Chaim Herzog; Haifa, Israel; Israel; Prominent visitors first visit by head of state to Seat of the House of Justice
    1986 (In the year)
    198-
    Hundreds of members of the Aeta tribe in Tarlac and Pampanga, Philippines, became Bahá'ís. [BINS158:13] - First believers by background; Philippines
    1988 Jul
    198-
    In 18 days of teaching, 876 adults, youth and children became Bahá'ís in Haiti. [BINS181:7]
  • Reports from the National Spiritual Assembly in September indicated that 2,371 people enrolled in the first phase of the teaching campaign.
  • Haiti; Mass conversion
    1989 28 Nov - 8 Dec
    198-
    In 1988, when 14 young Soviets youth were hosted by the Bahá'ís at a summer camp in Hawaii, they were introduced to the Universal House of Justice's peace statement, found it to be supportive of their mission, and invited the Bahá'ís to come and share it with Soviet youth.
       In return, under the auspices of Youth Ambassadors International (YAI) and Foundation for Social Innovation (FSI), 62 Bahá'ís from eight Pacific Island nations made a return trip to the Soviet Union. The project was called the "Promise of World Peace Tour". They spent five days in Moscow and four in Kazan, capital of the Tatar ASSR.

    Their activities were:

  • The group was invited to a youth congress held to launch a Moscow branch of the School for Planetary Thought. During that event the peace statement was briefly examined, and Bahá'u'lláh was named as Author of its fundamental principles. The talk received a standing ovation.
  • The young ambassadors visited the Home for Children of Dysfunctional Families near Moscow, and presented a copy of the peace statement to its director.
  • Copies of the statement were also presented during a visit to the Pushkin estate and new Pushkin Museum outside Moscow. In return, the group was invited to develop a summer work-study program whereby western youth could "earn rubles" working side by side with Soviet youth in crafts, archaeological and restoration projects.

    The group was invited to visit Kazan, at that time a "closed city", where they spent four days touring schools and visiting private homes.

  • They were asked to address the problem of youth gangs in Kazan. At a meeting with gang members a documentary on youth gangs was shown, after which copies of the peace statement were given out.
  • At a forum at Kazan University the Student League arranged for the Bahá'ís to speak to 250-300 students. After the talk, the students spontaneously formed 20 small discussion groups, eager to discuss the ideas they had heard. The students accepted hundreds of copies of the peace statement.
  • Media coverage of the nine-day tour included three television interviews with Bahá'ís who introduced the peace statement and spoke freely about the Faith. One newspaper printed an editorial about the peace statement, and another in Moscow printed a brief article about the meeting with the youth congress.
  • Tour T-shirts, which read "Youth Ambassadors Peace Tour" on the front and "World Peace Is Not Only Possible But Inevitable" on the back, in Russian and English, proved quite popular, and 86 were given away along with many Peace Tour and Bahá'í buttons and the contents of nine boxes of Bahá'í literature which included 3,000 copies of the peace statement. [BN Issue 707 March 1990 p12; BW20p200]
  • 1986 28 Apr
    198-
    In 2008, the Bahá'í International Community published the names of 221 Iranian Bahá'ís who had been murdered or executed in the three decades since the Islamic Revolution. (The Bahá'í Question: Cultural Cleansing in Iran) The youngest on this list was Payman Sobhani Ezabadi, a resident of Saravan in the southwestern province of Sistan and Baluchistan, who was only 15 at the time. This story from Iranwire, untold before, is based on his father's written memoirs. * Persecution, Iran; Payman Ezabadi; Saravan, Iran
    1987 14 Jan
    198-
    In a letter to the National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of the United States, the Universal House of Justice wrote: “You are asked, therefore, to give the most careful consideration to reviving the Race Amity Conferences as a regular feature among the activities of your national community” (Pupil of the Eye P178–79). Conferences, Race Amity
    1983 1 Sep
    198-
    In a message addressed to the National Spiritual Assembly of Norway on the subject of meditation, the Universal House of Justice included a six-point summary of 'the essential requisites for our spiritual growth'. Written on behalf of the House of Justice, this significant letter expressed its confidence that if the believers practised the suggested disciplines they would penetrate the 'miasma of materialism' impeding the growth of the Faith in Europe. The suggestions have been gleaned from the Writings of Bahá'u'lláh and were stressed again and again in the talks and Tablets of 'Abdu'l-Bahá. The points were:
    1. The recital each day of one of the Obligatory Prayers with pure-hearted devotion.
    2. The regular reading of the Sacred Scriptures, specifically at least each morning and evening, with reverence, attention and thought.
    3. Prayerful meditation on the Teachings, so that we may understand them more deeply, fulfill them more faithfully, and convey them more accurately to others.
    4. Striving every day to bring our behavior more into accordance with the high standards that are set forth in the Teachings.
    5. Teaching the Cause of God.
    6. Selfless service in the work of the Cause and in the carrying on of our trade or profession.

    They also suggested that in their private meditation the believers use the repetition of the Greatest Name, Alláh-u-Abhá, ninety-five times a day which, although at that time it was not yet applied in the West, it was among the Laws, Ordinances and Exhortations of the Kitáb-i-Aqdas.

  • See Personal Pathway for Spiritual Growth : A Personal Commentary on the Universal House of Justice's Six Requisites for Spiritual Growth by David and Carol Bowie.
  • - Bahá'í World Centre; Meditation; Norway; Spiritualization
    1980 13 Aug
    198-
    In a message the Universal House of Justice announced the publication of translations into English of "The Long Healing Prayer" and "Qad-Ihtaraqa'l-Mukhisún", the prayer commonly known as the "Fire Tablet". These tablets have subsequently been published in prayer books. [Messages63-86p455]
  • The Long Healing Prayer had been translated by Habib Taherzadeh and a committee commissioned by the Universal House of Justice. [Healing and Beyond p10 by John Kolstoe]
  • * Publications; * Translation; - Bahá'í World Centre; Healing prayer, Long; Lawh-i-Qad-Ihtaraqal-Mukhlisun (Fire Tablet); Prayer
    1985 24 Oct
    198-
    In anticipation of the United Nations International Year of Peace, and on the fortieth anniversary of the United Nations, the Universal House of Justice addressed a message "To the Peoples of the World" inviting them to consider that a new social order can be fostered by all peoples' seeing themselves as members of one universal family. This message, The Promise of World Peace was presented to world leaders and countless others during the United Nations International Year of Peace. [BBD174, 187–8; BW19:139, 155; VV59, 86–8, The Promise of World Peace]
  • See BW20p131 for the logistics involved in distributing it throughout the world.
  • Within six months national spiritual assemblies present copies to 167 world leaders, including 140 to leaders of independent countries. [BW19:139, 334–6]
  • For pictures see BW19:337–44.
  • For text see BW19:324–33.
  • See the compilation on Peace compiled by the Research Department of the Universal House of Justice.
  • See the oral statement from the Bahá'í International Community of the 17th of April 1986 addressed to the NGO committee for the University of Peace.
  • See the Message of the Universal House of Justice dated 18 January 2019 on the subject of world peace.
  • * Publications; - Bahá'í World Centre; - Basic timeline, Condensed; - Basic timeline, Expanded; - Statements; - Worldwide; Bahá'í International Community; Peace; Promise of World Peace (statement); United Nations; Universal House of Justice; Universal House of Justice, Basic timeline; Universal House of Justice, Letters and messages; World peace
    1982 15 Jul
    198-
    In commemoration of the fiftieth anniversary of the passing of Bahíyyih Khánum, the Greatest Holy Leaf, Bahá'ís at the World Centre prayed at midnight at the Shrine of the Báb and at the tomb of the Greatest Holy Leaf, commemoration services were held in many parts of the world. [BW18:53, 102]
  • For a list of references to the Greatest Holy Leaf found in English-language works see BW18:55–6.
  • For a list of works published to commemorate this anniversary see BW18:57–8.
  • For an article about her life and service see BW18:68–73.
  • Five international conferences and their satellites, held in June, August and September, are dedicated to her memory. [BW18:102]

    "The five international conferences of the Seven Year Plan were called to commemorate the fiftieth anniversary of the passing of the Greatest Holy Leaf, to discuss anew the present condition of the Faith in a turbulent world society, to examine the great opportunities for its future growth and development, and to focus attention on the unfulfilled goals of the Plan. We are certain that the contemplation of the gathered friends on the sterling qualities which distinguished the heroic life of the Greatest Holy Leaf will help them to persevere in their noble endeavours." [The Universal House of Justice, from a message to the International Conference in Canberra, Australia, 2, September 1982 para 3]

  • Báb, Shrine of (Haifa); Bahiyyih Khanum (Greatest Holy Leaf); Haifa, Israel
    1985 2 Jul
    198-
    In his report to the UN Human Rights Commission, the special rapporteur on the prevention and punishment of the crime of genocide Benjamin Whitaker, used the term genocide in connection with the treatment of Bahá'ís by the Islamic Republic. It is believed that it was the first time the word had been applied to this situation in an official context. This assertion, although it was in an official UN report, was not pursued by the United Nations.

    Resolution 96 of the UN General Assembly, of December 11, 1946, titled "The Crime of Genocide," describes genocide as the "denial of the right of existence of entire human groups, as homicide is the denial of the right to live of individual human beings."

    In an article in IranWire of 15 November 2023, author Faramaz Dakar asks, "Is the Islamic Republic Committing a Silent Genocide Against the Bahá'ís?".

    Q. What groups are the victims of genocide? A. Victims of the crime of genocide fall into four specific groups: ethnic, national, religious and racial. This means that, for example, a political group cannot be considered a victim of genocide based on its legal definition. What is relevant in genocide is the annihilation of a group or a community as a unit and even as a whole.

    Q. What specific actions constitute genocide? A. Behaviors that constitute the crime of genocide fall into five groups: (1) killing the members of the group; (2) inflicting physical harm that can gradually lead to the loss of life or impose permanent and extensive suffering on a person's life; (3) imposing conditions with the intent of annihilating the target group, such as starvation or cutting access to water, or depriving the members of the group of the means of survival such as seizing and confiscating their residences and businesses which ultimately makes it impossible for them to live that an environment; (4) creating conditions that prevent birth and childbearing or lead to the sterilization of people, and make the birth of a new generation of that religious, ethnic, racial or national group impossible; (5) the forced removal of the children of the target group.

    Iran is a signatory to the Convention Against Genocide therefore the the Islamic Republic must be held accountable for the systematic persecution of the Baha'is. There is no sign that this government has ever had any intention of doing so and Iranian laws do not address the crime of genocide in any form. [IranWire 15 November 2023

    Genocide
    1989 Oct - Nov
    198-
    In India, 4,300 people became Bahá'ís in the State of Orissa. [BINS213:3] India; Mass conversion; Orissa, India
    1983 29 Aug
    198-
    In Iran the Bahá'í Faith was banned in Iran and membership of Bahá'í institutions made a criminal offence. This order required the dissolution of the third National Spiritual Assembly and roughly 400 local assemblies. [BW19:43]
  • The National Spiritual Assembly was dissolved as well all Bahá'í institutions throughout the country. [BW19:43]
  • Despite the dissolution, the authorities continued to harass and intimidate the former National Spiritual Assembly members, former members of Local Spiritual Assemblies and other administrative officials around the country, as well as every individual who had signed the open letter defending the Bahá'í community. Between late 1983 and early 1984 over 500 Bahá'ís – most of whom were former council members or related to former members – were arrested without charge.

    In time, seven former members of the third National Spiritual Assembly were arrested and eventually executed by the government.

    • Jahángír Hidáyatí, who had already attracted much hostile attention from the Islamic regime as a board member of the Bahá'í-run Nawnahálán Corporation, was arrested on June 30, 1983, and held in solitary confinement in Evin prison for eleven months, during which time he was repeatedly tortured in an effort to persuade him. to recant his faith on public television. He refused. Hidáyatí was executed on May 15, 1984. [BW19p205]
    • Shápúr (Húshang) Markazí was arrested in September 1983. During the course of his imprisonment, torturers broke his ribs and damaged one eye so badly that it seriously impaired his vision. Their goal was reportedly to force him to admit to false charges implicating the Bahá'í institutions as a network involved in espionage and himself as a spy. He was executed on September 23, 1984.
    • Ahmad Bashiri was arrested in July of 1983 for serving on several Local Spiritual Assemblies in different towns and eventually on the National Spiritual Assembly of Iran. He was severely tortured during his 15 months in prison and finally executed on November 1, 1984.
    • Dr. Farhád Asdaqí was called to Tehran and asked to serve on the National Spiritual Assembly after the arrest of the second National Assembly. He did this until the third National Assembly was disbanded in September 1983. Dr. Asdaqí went into hiding in 1983 but was finally arrested in June 1984. He was executed on November 19, 1984 – after four months of imprisonment and torture.
    • Farid Bihmardi was elected and served on the last National Spiritual Assembly of Iran. He was arrested in the streets of Tehran and was imprisoned a total of twenty-two months in Evin prison. During this period he was tortured and spent nearly 9 months in solitary confinement. He was never allowed visitors and was executed on June 10, 1986. It is believed that he was hung; however, since he was buried before his family was told of his execution, no proper examination was done to determine the cause of death. [BW20p385]
    • Ardishír Akhtarí was arrested by four Revolutionary Guards from Zarbat Group at Evin on September 11, 1984 at his home. He spent over three years in prison before he was finally executed on September 28, 1987.
    • Amír-Husayn Nádirí was also arrested on September 11, 1984. He was imprisoned at Evin and Gohardasht where he was tortured extensively. He was held in detention for over three years before being executed with Ardishír Akhtarí on September 28, 1987. [BW20p387 note 232; A Faith Denied: The Persecution of the Baha'is of Iran]
  • * Persecution, Iran; - Persecution; - Persecution, Bans; Iran; National Spiritual Assembly, formation
    1981 Apr
    198-
    In Pakistan a constitutional amendment named the Bahá'í Faith among the non-Muslim faiths of the country, thus according it legal recognition. [BW18:107; VV67] Constitutions (general); Pakistan; Recognition (legal)
    1983 24 Jun
    198-
    In response to the hanging of 10 Bahá'í women in Shíráz, the Universal House of Justice addressed a cable to the Bahá'í youth throughout the world, urging them to re-dedicate themselves to the Cause. [BW19:187–8, 297] - Bahá'í World Centre; Youth
    1983 3 Sep
    198-
    In response to the Iranian authorities banning all Bahá'í administrative and community activities and the making of membership in a Bahá'í assembly a criminal offence, as their last act the National Spiritual Assembly of Iran sent an open letter to the Prosecutor General of the Islamic Revolution refuting the false charges made against the Bahá'ís and informing him of their willingness to obey the government and disband the Bahá'í administration. [BW19:43]
  • In this letter, which was delivered to some 2,000 government officials and prominent persons, the National Spiritual Assembly called on the authorities to end the persecution, arrest, torture, and imprisonment of Bahá'ís "for imaginary crimes and on baseless pretexts, because God knows—and so do the authorities—that the only 'crime' of which these innocent ones are guilty is that of their beliefs... ." Emphasizing the implausibility of the espionage allegations, the letter asked: "What kind of spy is an 85-year-old man from Yazd who has never set foot outside his village? … How could students, housewives, innocent young girls, and old men and women… be spies? How could [village farmers] be spies? What secret intelligence documents have been found in their possession? What espionage equipment has come to hand? What 'spying' activities were engaged in by the primary school children who have been expelled from their schools?" The letter further emphasized that "spying is an element of politics, while noninterference in politics is an established principle of the Bahá'í faith." Responding to the accusation that Bahá'ís had been "hoarding" spare automobile parts, the National Spiritual Assembly objected: "[i]f the Prosecutor chooses to label the Bahá'í administration as a network of espionage, let him at least consider it intelligent enough not to plan the overthrow of such a strong regime by hoarding a few spare parts!" The letter also drew attention to the fact that while Muslims were praised for sending money abroad (e.g. to Iraq and Jerusalem) for the upkeep of religious shrines, when a Bahá'í did the same, it was considered "an unforgivable sin and… proof that he has done so in order to strengthen other countries [particularly Israel]." [A Faith Denied: The Persecution of the Baha'is of Iran]
  • In a gesture of good will and in accordance with their law of obedience to the government the National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of Iran and all local assemblies were dissolved. In its place, they formed groups of three persons in cities and villages called Khadimeen ("Servants"), and on the national level named the Yaran-e Iran to address the immediate needs of the community such as births, marriages, divorces, burial ceremonies and other services. [BW19:62]

    Since the 1920s when the Bahá'í administration was introduced in Iran they had made considerable progress.

    1950     Local Spiritual Assemblies: 280        Localities: 712
    1968     Local Spiritual Assemblies: 560        Localities: 1,541
    1979     Local Spiritual Assemblies: 679        Localities: 1,699 
    [BAHAISM v. The Bahai Community in Iran by V. Rafati]
  • * Persecution, Iran; - Persecution; Iran; Khadimeen; Local Spiritual Assembly, dissolved; National Spiritual Assembly, Iran; National Spiritual Assembly, dissolved; Statistics; Yaran
    1983 18 Jun
    198-
    In Shiraz, ten Bahá'í women ranging in age from 17 to 57, were hanged. All of the women had been tortured and interrogated in the months prior to their execution. The youngest of these martyrs was Mona Mahmudnizhad, a 17-year-old schoolgirl who had been beaten on the soles of her feet, kissed the hands of her executioner and placed the hangman's rope around her own throat. The names of the others executed were Zarrin Muqimi-Abyanih, 28, Ruya Ishraqi, a 23-year-old veterinary student, Shahin Dalvand, 25, a sociologist; Izzat Janami Ishraqi, 57, a homemaker and mother of Roya; Mahshid Nirumand, 28, who had qualified for a degree in physics but had it denied her because she was a Bahá'í, Simin Sabiri, 25; Tahirih Arjumandi Siyavushi, 30, a nurse; Akhtar Sabet Sarvestani, 25, also a nurse; Nusrat Ghufrani Yalda'i, 47, a mother and member of the local Bahá'í Spiritual Assembly. [Hanged for teaching "Sunday school"]
  • For the story of the martyrs see BW19:180–7 and VV56.
  • See the story of the arrest and execution of Simin Saberi.
  • For their obituaries see BW19:596–607.
  • For pictures of the martyred women see BW19:240–1.
  • See World Order magazine Vol 4 Issue 3, 1986 for an article on Zarrin Muqimi-Abyanih written by her sister Simin Khavari.
  • See Bahá'í Teachings for the story of Nusrat Yalda'i, a mother of four children, three sons and one daughter, who was executed for her hospitality.
  • See Track Persia dated 25 January 2020 for an account of how female prisoners have been treated in Iranian prisons since the Islamic Revolution.
  • See the NYTimes story in which Khomeini attacks Reagan for supporting Bahá'ís.
  • In 1985 a 45-page booklet entitled The Story of Mona: 1965-1983 was published by Bahá'î Canada Publications, under the auspices of the National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of Canada.
  • Also in 1985 a music video called Mona and Children was made by Douglas John Cameron and friends.
  • In 2003 a play, A New Dress for Mona by Mark Perry was produced by the Drama Circle.
  • Lenz Entertainment produced a screenplay entitled Mona's Dream. It was written by Houshang Touzie and Jack Lenz and won the 2010 Female Eye Audience Choice Screenplay Award. Facebook.
  • In June of 2017 the book, Our Friend Mona: The Remarkable Life of a Young Martyr by Azadeh Rohanian Perry and Mark E Perry (with the assistance of Mona's mother, Mrs. Farkhundih Mahmudnizhad) was published by Circle of Spirit.
  • Further details about the lives of the ten women as well as the history of their arrest and public execution can be found here.
  • The Revolutionary Prosecuter in the execution of all 22 Bahá'ís during that period was Farshad Seyyed Zia Mir-Amadi. iiiii
  • See Iran Press Watch 21 June 2023 for the article Who Were the Perpetrators of the Mass Execution of 10 Baha'i Women in Shiraz?. The article also delineates the measures taken by the families of the prisoners to appeal their sentences and mentions the intervention by President Ronald Regan.
  • See Olya's Story: A Survivor's Dramatic Account of the Persecution of Bahá'ís in Revolutionary Iran by Olya Roohizadegan. It is an account of a young woman imprisioned at the same time as the 10 martyrs. It was published by Oneworld Publications 1 June 1993.
  • * Persecution, Iran; - Persecution; - Persecution, Deaths; - Persecution, Education; Akhtar Thabit; Iran; Izzat Janami Ishraqi; Mahshid Nirumand; Martyrs, Shiraz 1983; Mona Mahmudnizhad; Nusrat Ghufrani Yaldai; Ruya Ishraqi; Shahin Dalvand; Shíráz, Iran; Simin Sabiri; Tahirih Arjumandi Siyavushi; Youth; Zarrin Muqimi-Abyanih
    1988 26 Jul
    198-
    In the final phases of the Iran-Iraq war Supreme Leader Ruhollah Khomeini felt that defeat was imminent and decided to take his revenge on the political prisoners. He issued fatwas ordering the execution of anyone who had not "repented" and who was not willing to collaborate entirely with the regime.
       The massacres began, and every day hundreds of political prisoners were hanged and their corpses were buried hurriedly in mass graves all over major cities, in particular, Tehran.
        By the time it ended in the autumn of 1988, some 30,000 political prisoners, the overwhelming majority activists of the People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran (PMOI or MEK), had been slaughtered.
       On August 9, 2016, an audiotape was released by Khomeini's former heir, Hossein-Ali Montazeri, acknowledging that that massacre took place and had been ordered at the highest levels. [National Council of Resistance in Iran website; Facebook - Iran Gathering]
  • See an article published in CAMERA 7Feb2022 entitled Mahallati not Playing it Straight with Oberlin about Family History. Oberlin College was rocked by controversy surrounding one of its professors, Mohammad Jaffar Mahallati, a former diplomat for the Islamic Republic of Iran. He stood accused of covering up a mass killing in Iran while serving as a diplomat for that country in the 1980s. People at Oberlin argue that his alleged role in the coverup disqualifies him from serving as a professor at the school. Oberlin College is a private liberal arts college in Oberlin, Ohio in the United States.
      On the 28th of November 2023 Oberlin College placed Iran's former UN ambassador, Mohammad Jafar Mahallati, on indefinite leave from his teaching position after a campaign by Iranian Americans. A college spokesperson declined to give reasons for the measure however his nameplate was removed from his office door, and references to Mahallati were scrubbed from the college's website, including a 'factsheet' that defended the professor from accusations that he covered up crimes against humanity. " It took Oberlin College three years to take this action, in the duration it was discovered that he was also the defendant in a lawsuit alleging a predatory sex-for-grades relationship with a graduate student at Columbia University, where Mahallati taught courses in the 1990s. [Iran International2DEC2023]
  • * Persecution, Iran; Ayatollah Bahaoddin Mahallati; Iran; Mohammad Jaffar Mahallati
    1988 Oct
    198-
    In the State of Orissa, India, 2,600 people became Bahá'ís and 16 new local spiritual assemblies were formed in 15 days. India; Local Spiritual Assemblies; Mass conversion; Orissa, India
    1984 Oct
    198-
    In Tunisia, the activities of the Faith were curtailed and Bahá'ís were interrogated. [BW19:50] - Persecution; - Persecution, Bans; Persecution, Tunisia; Tunisia
    1986 23 - 27 Dec
    198-
    International Teaching Conference was held in New Delhi in conjunction with the opening of the Mashriqu'l-Adhkár. It was attended by 8,000 Bahá'ís from 114 countries. [BW20p731-753] - Conferences, International; Conferences, Bahá'í; Conferences, Teaching; India; Mashriqu'l-Adhkár, New Delhi; New Delhi, India; Teaching
    1986 (In the year)
    198-
    Iran's hugely unsuccessful attempt to convince the international community that Bahá'ís were indeed spies was probably one of the reasons that convinced Iranian officials to review Iran's contemporary history. The aim of this review was in no way to reconsider age-old beliefs and assumptions, but to generate so-called "objective" facts and data which would ultimately serve to justify those assumptions. It was in light of this conviction that, the Institute for Cultural Research and Studies was founded "with a mandate to maintain, organize and catalogue valuable historical documents acquired during and after the Islamic Revolution in Iran. In 1996, it was replaced by the Institute for Iranian Contemporary Historical Studies (IICHS), a professional research centre devoted to the study of contemporary Iranian history. Its objective is to undertake various research projects regarding social, political, economic and cultural aspects of post-eighteenth-century Iran, using its collection of primary sources."
    Another such organization, the Political Studies and Research Institute, was founded in 1988. [Iran Press Watch 1407; the institute's website]
    * Persecution, Iran; - Persecution; - Persecution, Other; Conspiracy theories; Iran
    1986 Jul
    198-
    Jack Malardy, 88-year-old tribal leader of the Karradjarrie people of Australia, and his wife Lilly become Bahá'ís in Lagrange, Australia. [BINS156:3; BINS179:1] Australia; Jack Malardy; Lilly Malardy
    1980 17 Oct
    198-
    Leonora Stirling Holsapple Armstrong, (b.June 23, 1895, Hudson, New York), the 'spiritual mother of South America' and the first Latin American pioneer, passed away in the city of Salvador in Bahia, Brazil. She had served on the Continental Board of Counsellors from her appointment in 1973. [Mess63-86p248; BW18:738; VV32]
  • For her obituary see BW18:733–738.
  • See Armstrong, Counsellor Leonora: A Loving Portrait by Kristine Leonard Asuncion. Brief biographical sketch of Counsellor Armstrong, the "Spiritual Mother of South America" .
  • Bahá'í Blog.
  • Wikipedia.
  • Bahaipedia.
  • See FMH40-41 for the story of how she was inspired to go pioneering as told to Doris and Willard McKay. (She had been a classmate of Willard's sister Marguerite at Cornell University.)
  • - Biography; - In Memoriam; Bahia, Brazil; Brazil; Leonora Holsapple Armstrong; Names and titles first pioneer Latin American
    1986 19 Oct
    198-
    Lorraine Kahn of Pine Springs, Arizona, is elected a delegate to the United States National Convention, the first Navajo woman to serve in this capacity. [BINS161:19] - Native Americans; Conventions, National; Firsts, other; Lorraine Kahn; United States (USA) first Navajo woman delegate national convention
    1987 Oct 1987
    198-
    Lynda Godwin made her first journey to the Soviet Union, travelling under the auspices of a programme called Citizen Diplomacy, which encouraged individuals to design projects of cultural exchange between Americans and Soviets. She developed one project, called the Soviet/American Teachers Task Force, which brought American teachers to the Soviet Union to team teach in Soviet class rooms, and another called Birthday Friends for Peace, which made pen pals out of Soviet and American children with common birth dates. The projects were so successful that she was invited back numerous times, making more friends each visit as she worked with Soviet guides and translators and arranged for visitors to stay in Soviet homes. Between October 1987 and April 1992, Lynda Godwin made at least twenty trips into what became the former Soviet Union, each time introducing a new group to the region and finding different avenues for exchange. [BW20p199] Lynda Godwin; Soviet Union
    1987 6 – 8 Feb
    198-
    Maori women held the first National Women's Hui in the tribal area of Ngati Tuwharetoa, New Zealand. [BINS163:8] - Indigenous people; Firsts, other; Maori people; New Zealand; Ngāti Tūwharetoa, NZ first National Women’s Hui in Ngati Tuwaretoa, New Zealand
    1980 -10 Feb
    198-
    Message from the Universal House of Justice addressed to the Bahá'ís of Iran and Iranian believers resident in other countries. [Mess63-68p433-441]
  • Note: The message was written in Farsi and the English translation was prepared by the National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of the United Kingdom. In a letter dated 29 July 1980 in which it forwarded the English translation to all National Spiritual Assemblies, the Universal House of Justice wrote: "The message includes several quotations from the Writings of Bahá'u'lláh, Abdu'l-Bahá and Shoghi Effendi hitherto untranslated into English. The English texts of these passages, as they appear in the attached translated message, have been checked and approved at the World Center, and may be regarded by the friends as authorized texts."
  • The message dealt with such issues as: reasons for the current turmoil, the calamities ahead, the vision of the future, the responsibility to provide an example, the responsibility to serve God, the responsibility of moderation, the responsibility of resettling such that the Iranian population of any community does not exceed 50%, the responsibility of avoiding political involvement, and the strengths of the Iranian believers.
  • * Persecution, Iran; - Bahá'í World Centre; Iran
    1988 Nov
    198-
    More than 2,500 people enrolled in Bangladesh. [BINS190:5]
  • A later report indicated that over 5,000 people had become Bahá'ís and 108 new local spiritual assemblies formed. [BINS192:1]
  • Bangladesh; Local Spiritual Assemblies; Mass conversion
    1989 (In the year)
    198-
    More than 250 people became Bahá'ís in Zambia in the first three months of the year. [BINS201:6] Mass conversion; Zambia
    1988 (In the year)
    198-
    More than a thousand people became Bahá'ís in Taiwan as a result of the Muhájir Teaching Project. [BINS187:4] Muhajir Teaching Project; Taiwan
    1985 28 or 31 Aug
    198-
    Mr Rahmatu'lláh Vujdani, a 57 year old teacher, was executed by firing squad in Bandar 'Abbas. He was an elected member of the Local Spiritual Assembly. [Iranian.com] * Persecution, Iran; - Persecution; - Persecution, Deaths; Bandar Abbas, Iran; Iran
    1988 Jul
    198-
    Nearly 50 people became Bahá'ís in Saipan, Mariana Islands. [BINS181:5]
  • Later reports indicated that 91 people have enrolled by October 1988.
  • Mariana Islands; Saipan, Mariana Islands
    1989 May
    198-
    Nearly 880 people became Bahá'ís in Guyana. [BINS202:8] Guyana; Mass conversion
    1989 Apr
    198-
    Nearly one half million new believers were enrolled since last Ridván. [AWH60] - Worldwide; Growth; Statistics
    1985
    198-
    Number of countries and territories where the Faith has been established: 355

    Number of National Spiritual Assemblies: 148

    Number of Local Spiritual Assemblies: 29,664

    Indigenous tribes, races and ethnic groups represented in the Faith: 2,112 [from a pamphlet, The Bahá'í Faith and its World Community published by the NSA of Canada]

    Statistics
    1988 Oct
    198-
    One hundred and twenty people in Hong Kong and 280 in Macau become Bahá'ís as a result of teaching institutes. [BINS189:8]
  • A later report stated that more than 600 people in Macau had become Bahá'ís. [BINS194:3]
  • Hong Kong; Macau; Mass conversion; Teaching institutes
    1982 (In the year)
    198-
    One of the members of the National Spiritual Assembly of Vietnam sent to a 're-education' camp was released owing to ill health; the other remained in detention. [BW18:96] - Persecution; - Persecution, Other; Persecution, Vietnam; Vietnam
    1988 Nov - Dec
    198-
    One thousand one hundred people became Bahá'ís in the State of Gujarat, India. [BINS190:5] Gujarat, India; India; Mass conversion
    1988 Jun
    198-
    Over 100,000 people, including large numbers of women, youth and families, became Bahá'ís in Uttar Pradesh, India. [BINS179:4] India; Mass conversion; Uttar Pradesh, India
    1988 Jul - Aug
    198-
    Over 500 people became Bahá'ís in Liberia. [BINS184:8] Liberia
    1988 26 Nov - 4 Dec
    198-
    Over a thousand people became Bahá'ís in Bolivia during a teaching project. [BINS189:2]
  • A later report indicated that over 2,000 people had become Bahá'ís. [BINS195:1]
  • Bolivia; Mass conversion
    1982 3 Dec
    198-
    Paul Haney, Hand of the Cause of God, died in Haifa in an automobile accident. [BW18:617; VV52]
  • Paul Haney was born to Mary (Merriam) Ida Parkhurst and Charles Freeborn Haney on August 20, 1909. His parents were active Bahá'is since 1900 and had been married for seventeen years at the time of Paul's birth. His mother accredited a portion of his spiritual development to being in the presence of 'Abdu'l-Bahá while a fetus....In letters between his mother, Merriam, and Rúhíyyih Khánum it was indicated that the Master gave him his own name; it was 'Abdu'l-Bahá. He was also given the name Paul by the Master to be used in the outside world. In 1919, Corinne True was able to also confirm that the master gave Paul his name. [Bahá'í Chronicles]
  • He had been appointed a Hand of the Cause of God on the 19th of March,1954 following the death of Hand of the Cause of God Dorothy Baker. [MoCxxiv}
  • For his obituary see BW18:613–18.
  • - Biography; - Births and deaths; - Hands of the Cause; - In Memoriam; Haifa, Israel; Hands of the Cause, Appointments; Hands of the Cause, Births and deaths; Paul Haney
    1983 Sep
    198-
    Persian Baháʾís have made great contributions in international Bahá'í fields. The Persian Bahá'í community, as the oldest and wealthiest Bahá'í community in the world has played a vital role in almost every major accomplishment of the Bahá'í world community. The earliest Bahá'í communities in the Middle East, and southern Russia were without exception formed through the pioneering activities of the Persian Bahá'ís. In later periods they traveled and settled in different parts of the world to propagate the Faith. During the Ten Year World Crusade (1953-63) and subsequent global activities, the Persian community contributed substantial manpower and financial support. During 1968-73 alone, as a partial goal of the international Nine Year Plan (1964-1973), 3,500 Persian Bahá'ís were relocated to goal areas, both domestic and international, and some five thousand individuals, often using their own resources, served as missionaries abroad. [BW13p291-292; BW15p247; BAHAISM v. The Bahai Community in Iran by V. Rafati] Iran; Statistics
    1988 Nov c.
    198-
    Pietro Pandolfini, the first from the Albanian minority in Sicily to become a Bahá'í, enrolled. [BINS189:5] - First believers by background; Sicily, Italy first from Albanian minority Sicily
    1985 21 Jul
    198-
    Prior to this time, some national communities elected their delegates to the National Conventions on the basis of areas that had Local Spiritual Assemblies, while in other larger national communities, delegates were elected on the basis of electoral units in which all adult believers had the vote. From this time forward, all were to use the Electoral Unit system. There would be no change in the number of delegates elected to attend the National Convention.

    When establishing the electoral unit basis for the election of delegates, a National Spiritual Assembly should divide the territory under its jurisdiction into electoral units, based on the number of adult Bahá'ís in each area, in such a way that each unit will be responsible for electing preferably one delegate only.

    Given the wide variety of geography in the Bahá'í world, each National Spiritual Assembly was directed to establish the most effective means for the election of the delegates to its National Convention and for providing for an opportunity for consultation among the electors.

    "It is the hope of the Universal House of Justice that the implementation of [the electoral unit method of electing delegates to the National Convention] will promote Bahá'í solidarity, broaden the basis of representation at National Conventions and that thereby the work of the Faith in each country will be characterized by greater efficiency and enhanced harmony." [21 July 1985]

    - Bahá'í World Centre; Administration; Conventions, National; Elections; Electoral unit system
    1980 Dec
    198-
    Professor Manouchehr Hakim, who, at one time was the head of the Misaghieh Hospital, was shot and killed by "unknown elements" while he was in his office. The murderers were never identified, and three days later, a revolutionary court confiscated Professor Hakim's assets. [Iran Wire] * Persecution, Iran; Manouchehr Hakim; Misaghieh Hospital, Tehran; Tehran, Iran
    1982 18 Nov
    198-
    Publication by the Universal House of Justice of the compilation on "Family Life". [BW18p41; CoC1p385] * Publications; - Bahá'í World Centre; - Compilations; Family; Marriage
    1980 3 Mar
    198-
    Publication by the Universal House of Justice of the compilation on The Importance of Prayer, Meditation and the Devotional Attitude. [MUHJ63-86p404] * Publications; - Bahá'í World Centre; - Compilations; Meditation; Prayer
    1980 26 Oct
    198-
    Publication by the Universal House of Justice of the compilation on Attendance at National Spiritual Assembly Meetings. [MUHJ63-86p404] * Publications; - Bahá'í World Centre; - Compilations; Administration; National Spiritual Assemblies
    1987 24 Mar
    198-
    Radio Bahá'í of Liberia (ELRB), the first Bahá'í-owned radio station in Africa, was inaugurated in Paynesville. [BINS164:6; BW19:121; VV77]
  • The initial broadcast was aired in December reached most of Liberia as well as parts of Guinea, Ivory Coast and Sierra Leone with its short wave signal, ELRB soon attracted a diverse and enthusiastic audience with its blend of cultural, service and Bahá'í programming. [BNno685p5]
  • This radio station was destroyed during the civil conflict and has not been re-established.
  • Bahá'í-owned radio; Bahá'í Radio; Firsts, other; Liberia; Paynesville, Liberia first Bahá’í radio station in Africa
    1987 Nov
    198-
    Representatives of 17 national spiritual assemblies in Europe and North America, together with senior representatives of the Offices of the Bahá'í International Community, met in Germany to discuss their external affairs. [AWH56; VV105] External affairs; Germany
    1980 14 - 30 Jul
    198-
    Representatives of the Bahá'í International Community participated in the Second World Conference of Women in Copenhagen, Denmark and its preparatory conferences in Paris, New Delhi, Macuto (Venezuela) and Lusaka (Zambia). [Wikipedia; BIC History Second World Conference on Women]
  • The BIC presented two statements, Equality, development and peace; and Universal Values for the Advancement of Women.
  • Report of the World Conference of the UN Decade for Women; Equality, Develpment and Peace. (pdf)
  • See UN Women.
  • - BIC statements; Bahá'í International Community; Copenhagen, Denmark; Denmark; United Nations
    1986 (In the year)
    198-
    Reynaldo Galindo Pohl, a prominent diplomat, and professor of law from El Salvador served as the United Nations Special Rapporteur on Human Rights in Iran from 1986 to 1995. He visited Iran three times between 1990 and 1992, but after his third visit, he was barred from visiting Iran. [Wikipedia]
  • His eight years as Special Representative were particularly significant, principally for a series of reports that authoritatively documented the intense, often brutal, violations committed by Iran against its own citizens. These were critical in calling the world's attention to the brutality of the regime at the time. Prof. Pohl's 1993 report to the Commission was notable for its disclosure of the so-called "Baha'i Question" memorandum, a previously secret 1991 letter issued by the Supreme Revolutionary Cultural Council that established a national policy for dealing with Iran's Bahá'ís, setting limits on their educational, economic and cultural activities. [BWNS879; BBC 1993 Jan]
  • Bahá'í International Community; Galindo Pohl; New York City, NY; Special Rapporteur on Human Rights in Iran; United Nations
    1980 25 Feb
    198-
    Robert Hayden, much-honoured American poet, passed away in Ann Arbor, Michigan. [BW18:717]
  • For his obituary see BW18:715–17.
  • See also Hatcher, From The Auroral Darkness: The Life and Poetry of Robert Hayden.
  • See Bahá'í World 1994-95 pg249 for an article by Anne Boyles entitled "The Language of the Heart: Arts in the Bahá'í World Community" for mention of Robert Hayden.
  • See The Oxford Encyclopedia of American Literature entry about Robert Hayden.
  • In 1976, Mr. Hayden was named Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress, a post which was later renamed Poet Laureate of the United States. He was the first African-American to hold the position. He taught at Fisk University in Nashville for 23 years and then at the University of Michigan from 1969 until his death in 1980 at age 66. In 2012 the US Postal Service issued a series of stamps commemorating poets which included Mr Hayden. [BWNS915]
  • - Biography; - Births and deaths; - In Memoriam; - Poetry; Ann Arbor, MI; Michigan, USA; Poet laureate; Robert Hayden; Stamps (philately)
    1988 28 Dec
    198-
    Sean Hinton, a British Bahá'í youth of 22 years, arrived in Ulaan Baator, Mongolia, as an official research scholar in ethnomusicology from the University of Cambridge, the first Bahá'í to reside in Mongolia. [VV101]
  • Seven months later he was named a Knight of Bahá'u'lláh by the Universal House of Justice.
  • See VV101 for a picture.
  • - Knights of Bahá'u'lláh; Mongolia; Sean Hinton; Ulaan Baatar, Mongolia first Bahá’í to reside in Mongolia
    1989 Jul
    198-
    Sean Hinton, the first Bahá'í to reside in Mongolia, was named a Knight of Bahá'u'lláh by the Universal House of Justice. - Knights of Bahá'u'lláh; Mongolia; Sean Hinton first Bahá’í to reside in Mongolia
    1981 29 Jul
    198-
    See the story of the martyrdom of pharmacist Dr. Parviz Firouzi,.
  • See the story of the martyrdom of medical doctor Dr Masroor Dakhili.
  • * Persecution, Iran; Iran; Martyrdom; Tabríz, Iran
    1988 30 Dec - 1989 1 Jan
    198-
    Senior officers of the Bahá'í International Community in the Holy Land, Geneva, and New York met with representatives of five national spiritual assemblies to discuss their collaboration with the United Nations, its agencies and their governments. Bahá'í International Community
    1981 14 Jun
    198-
    Seven members of the Local Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of Hamadan were executed by firing squad. These members were: Mr. Muhammad (Suhrab) Habibi, Mr. Muhammad-Baqir (Suhayl) Habibi, Mr. Husayn Khandil, Mr. Tarazu'llah Khuzayn, Mr. Husayn Mutlaq, Dr. Firuz Na'imi, and Dr. Nasir Vafa'i. The ribs of Tarazu'llah Khuzayn were crushed, and his hands were slashed. His legs and thighs had been pierced with a bayonet, and the injuries had turned his skin black and the tissues were swollen. [He was sixty-four when he died.] Suhrab Habibi's back had been branded with a hot ring – his own – and he had severe burns. The fingers of Husayn Khandil were slashed and his abdomen had been cut open. Dr. Na'imi's back had been broken and Dr. Vafa'i's thighs had been cut open; Suhayl Habibi's shoulders had been broken and smashed. Hossein Mutlaq had not been tortured but his body showed the greatest number of bullet wounds.
  • Prior to their execution all six had been held in a 6 X 71/2 ft. cell for 137 days. They had to sleep by turns and they were not allowed to bathe.
  • After their execution the bodies were dumped in the near-by hospital and were transported to the cemetery accompanied by a crowd of Bahá'ís and townspeople alike. Everyone was given an opportunity to view the tortured bodies. [Iran Press Watch; World Order, Series2, Volume_17 Issue 1 p14-31 written by Zhínús Mahmúdí.]
  • See the story of Dr Firouz Naeimi also in Track Persia.
  • See the story of Dr Naser Vafa'i.
  • * Persecution, Iran; - Persecution; - Persecution, Deaths; Hamadán, Iran; Iran
    1982 4 Jan
    198-
    Seven members of the Local Spiritual Assembly of the Tehran were executed. They had been arrested on the 13th and tried on the 26th of December. They were: Shidrokh Amirkia, (46), Ataollah Yavari, (35), Khosrow Mohandesi, (52), Shiva Assadollah Zadeh, (36), Kourosh Talaei, (33), Fathollah Ferdowsi, (63) and, Eskandar Aziz (61).

    On January 2, the seven Baha'i prisoners were taken to the prosecutor's office for trial. The Sharia judge was Hojjatoleslam Fahim Kermani, and the charges against them were exactly the charges of the National Assembly members, such as spying for Israel. They did not accept any of the charges and the court did not provide any evidence. The trial was held in private and the defendants were denied the right to a lawyer. After several hours of trial, all seven were sentenced to death and the confiscation of their properties. Each of the defendants was summoned separately by the representative of the court and the verdicts were communicated to them. 'If you abandon the Bahá'í faith, you will be set free,' they were each told. The proposal was met with a negative response from all seven. An hour later, the court representative collectively offered the defendants a reduction in punishment if they condemned the actions of the Bahá'í National Assembly; again, all seven gave a negative response."

    The men were shot at Evin Execution Square and the two women were shot in the basement of Evin Prison. The seven were buried in plain clothes, without any religious ceremonies, in Khavaran Cemetery. [Iran Press Watch 7 January 2022]

    * Persecution, Iran; Tehran, Iran
    1983 23 Aug
    198-
    Seyyed Hussein Musavi Tabrizi, the Attorney General of Iran, declared all Bahá'í administrative activities illegal, thus requiring the dissolution of the National Spiritual Assembly of Iran, along with some 400 Local Assemblies which operated under its jurisdiction. [Iran Press Watch] * Persecution, Iran; - Persecution; - Persecution, Bans; - Persecution, Other; Iran
    1982 Aug
    198-
    Shakontala ('Shaku') Aswani, the first Gibraltarian to become a Bahá'í, enrolled in Northern Ireland, shortly afterwards returning to Gibraltar. - First Bahá'ís by country or area; Gibraltar; Northern Ireland, UK first Gibraltarian Bahá’í
    1988 8 Mar
    198-
    Shirin Fozdar, ardent champion of women's rights and influential women's leader, was honoured for her work for equality and women's advancement at a ceremony organized by the Singapore Council of Women, which she founded in 1952. [BINS176:7] Awards; Shirin Fozdar; Singapore; Women
    1984 16 Nov
    198-
    Shu'á'u'lláh 'Alá'í, Hand of the Cause of God, passed away in Scottsdale, Arizona. (b. 16 November 1889) [BW19:594; VV123]
  • BW19: 159 says this was 17 November.
  • For his obituary see BW19:593–5.
  • Shoghi Effendi had appointed him among the second contingent on the 29th of February, 1952. [MoCxxiii]
  • For a short biography "General" 'Alí see Bahá'í Chronicles.
  • See LoF335-338.
  • - Biography; - Births and deaths; - Hands of the Cause; - In Memoriam; Arizona, USA; Hands of the Cause, Births and deaths; Hands of the Cause, Second Contingent; Scottsdale, AZ; Shu‘á‘u’lláh ‘Alá’í; United States (USA)
    1983 16 Jun
    198-
    Six Bahá'ís were executed by hanging:
    Dr. Bahrarn Afnan, aged 50, a prominent physician specializing in heart and internal diseases;
    Mr. Bahram Yalda'i, aged 28, who had studied to obtain his doctorate in economics;
    Mr. Jamflid Siyavushi, aged 39, who owned a clothing shop;
    Mr. 'Inayatu'llah Ifiraqi, aged 61, who had worked for the Iran Oil Company and was retired;
    Mr. Kurug Haqqbin, aged 34, an electrical technician specializing in the repair of radio and television sets; and
    Mr. 'Abdu'l-Husayn Azadi, aged 66, a veterinarian who had been an employee of the Ministry of Health.
    Of this group, all save Mr. Igraqi and Mr. Yalda'i were members of Local Spiritual Assemblies in Shíráz or surrounding communities. [BW19p178]
    * Persecution, Iran; - Biography; Shíráz, Iran
    1988 Nov - Dec
    198-
    Six hundred people became Bahá'ís in West Bengal and 5,150 in Orissa, India. [BINS189:4–5] India; Mass conversion; Orissa, India; West Bengal, India
    1989 Apr
    198-
    Some four million persons had visited the House of Worship in New Delhi to this date. [AWH61] - Mashriqu'l-Adhkár (House of Worship); India; Mashriqu'l-Adhkár, New Delhi; New Delhi, India; Statistics
    1982 (In the year)
    198-
    Soon after the Islamic Revolution's victory in 1979, Baha'i cemeteries in various cities and villages were subjected to attacks by government forces, and were destroyed and seized by the government. The Bahá'í cemetery in Tehran, the Golestan Javid Cemetery, spanning an area of 83,000 square meters, was confiscated in 1982. Subsequently, the government demolished the burial site of over 15,000 Bahá'ís and sold the gravestones. The corpses were exhumed and transported away in trucks. Finally, the land was leveled by a bulldozer before the Khavaran Cultural Center was constructed thus the cultural center currently stands on the grounds of the former Baha'i cemetery. [IranWire 11 July 2023] * Persecution, Iran; Golestan Javid Cemetery; Iran; Tehran, Iran
    1988 Nov - 1989 Feb
    198-
    Teaching projects were launched in the Philippines, resulting in 3,847 people becoming Bahá'ís. [BINS195:4] Mass conversion; Philippines
    1985 15 – 26 Jul
    198-
    Ten representatives of the Bahá'í International Community attended the third World Conference on Women to Review and Appraise the Achievements of the United Nations Decade for Women and Forum '85 in Nairobi. [BW19:147–8, 412; VV28–9]
  • For a report of the Bahá'í participation see BW19:4.12–15.
  • For pictures see BW19:413, 415.
  • See UN Women.
  • Bahá'í International Community; Kenya; Nairobi, Kenya; United Nations; Women
    1985 15 - 18 Aug
    198-
    The 10th annual Conference of the Association for Bahá’í Studies was held on the campus of the University of British Columbia with more than 600 people in attendance.

    Among the many distinguished speakers were Dr. William Maxwell, a professor of education at the University of Texas and member of the National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States; Varindra Vittachi, deputy executive director of UNICEF; Dorothy MacKinnon, past president, UNICEF-Canada; Jack E. Matthews, professor of education and director of international programs at Trent University; Louise LeBlanc, native medical health coordinator, Medical Services Branch, Whitehorse, Yukon Territory; and Dr. Victor de Araujo, chief representative of the Bahá’í International Community at the United Nations in New York City.

    The Hasan Balyúzí Lecture was given by Dorothy Freeman, author of From Copper to Gold: The Life of Dorothy Baker, a biography of the Hand of the Cause of God who died in an airplane crash in January 1954.

    Dr Abdu’l-Missagh Ghadirian gave a talk on Doukhobors and the Bahá’í Faith.

    The meeting of the Association was preceded August 15-16 by the fourth International Conference on Health and Healing sponsored by the Bahá’í International Health Agency. [Baha'i News No 655 October 1985 p8-11]

    Conferences, Bahá'í studies; University of British Columbia; Vancouver, BC
    1985 22 - 23 Oct
    198-
    The 14th Muzakarah (Conference) of the Fatwa Committee of the National Council for Islamic Religious Affairs Malaysia discussed the Bahá'í doctrine and decided that the Bahá'í doctrine was not part of Islam. Muslims involved in this teaching were deemed as apostates. Therefore, Muslims are prohibited from following this teaching and anyone involved in it must denounce it at once and repent. [Fatwa] - Persecution; - Persecution, Other; Fatwa; Malaysia; Persecution, Malaysia
    1986 - 1992
    198-
    The Six Year Plan (1986-1992) was launched. [AWH40, 42–4; BBRSM159; VV91]
  • In its message of 2 January 1986 the Universal House of Justice announced a new process whereby the national goals of the new Plan were to be largely formulated by the National Spiritual Assemblies and the Boards of Counsellors.
  • See the message of the 25 February 1986 for the major objectives and national goals of the plan. [Mess63-86p717-723]
  • See BW20p115 for the report on the Six Year Plan.
  • * Teaching Plans; - Bahá'í World Centre; Six Year Plan (1986-1992)
    1980 (In the year)
    198-
    The Anís Zunúzí Baháʼí School, located at Lilavoix, Haiti, opened its doors to students in 1980. The inauguration ceremony took place on the 20th of October 1982 when Hand of the Cause Amatu'l-Bahá Khánum planted an orange tree as part of the opening ceremonies. [BN No 625 April 1983 p5-7; BW17:158; Wikipedia]
  • The cost of the construction of the school was about $300,000 which was donated by the Hassan Ali-Kamran family in Belgium. [LB304]
  • The school is partnered with the Mona Foundation.
  • Bahaipedia.
  • - Bahá'í inspired schools; Anis Zunuzi School, Haiti; Haiti; Lilavois, Haiti
    1986 31 Jan
    198-
    The announcement of the inaugural broadcast of Radio Bahá'í Panama. [Mess63-86p710]
  • It was situated in the Chiriqui area of western Panama as part of the Guaymi Educational Centre complex at Soloy.
  • Also see One Country.
  • See BWNS1462 for a story on how this radio station served the community during the 2020 pandemic.
  • Bahá'í-owned radio; Bahá'í Radio; Boca del Monte, Panama; Panama; Teaching institutes
    1983 (In the year)
    198-
    The Association for Bahá'í Studies of Francophone Europe was established in Switzerland. Bahá'í Studies, Associations for; French language; Switzerland
    1989 Apr
    198-
    The Association for Bahá'í Studies of Malaysia was established. [BINS206:8] - Asia; Bahá'í Studies, Associations for; Malaysia
    1984 Jun
    198-
    The Association for Bahá'í Studies, Australia, was established in Perth. [BW19:356] Australia; Bahá'í Studies, Associations for; Perth, Australia
    1985 19 Oct
    198-
    The Association for Bahá'í Studies, Chile, was established in Santiago. [BW19:358–9] Bahá'í Studies, Associations for; Chile; Latin America; Santiago, Chile
    1983 (In the year)
    198-
    The Association for Bahá'í Studies, English-Speaking Europe, was established in the Republic of Ireland.
  • Responsibility for the Association was transferred to the United Kingdom in 1989.
  • - Europe; Bahá'í Studies, Associations for; Ireland; United Kingdom
    1983 (In the year)
    198-
    The Association for Bahá'í Studies, German-Speaking Europe, was established in Austria. [BW19:357–8] Austria; Bahá'í Studies, Associations for; German language
    1983 (In the year)
    198-
    The Association for Bahá'í Studies, India, was established. [BW19:360] Bahá'í Studies, Associations for; India
    1988 30 Jun - 3 Jul
    198-
    The Bahá'í Arts Council, Canada, held the first arts festival, 'Invitation 88: A Festival of the Human Spirit' at the University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario. [BINS179:2] * Arts and crafts; Canada; Firsts, other; London, England; Ontario, Canada first arts festival Canada
    1988 14 – 17 Jul
    198-
    The Bahá'í Association for Arts (BAFA) helds its first arts festival at the Bahá'í conference centre De Poort, Netherlands. [BINS180:4] - First conferences; Bahá'í Association for Arts (BAFA); Conferences, Arts; Conferences, Bahá'í; De Poort, Netherlands; Groesbeek, Netherlands; Netherlands first arts festival Netherlands
    1987 24 Feb
    198-
    The Bahá'í Cultural Centre was opened in the Guaymi area of Panama. Bahá'í Cultural Centres; Panama
    1988 (In the year)
    198-
    The Bahá'í International Community became a founding member of 'Advocates for African Food Security: Lessening the Burden for Women, a coalition of agencies and organizations formed to act on behalf of farm women in Africa, and is convener for 1988–92. - Africa; Bahá'í International Community; Rural development; Social and economic development; Women
    1989 17 Mar
    198-
    The Bahá'í International Community entered into a 'working relationship' with the World Health Organization (WHO) for the period 1989–91. [AWH61; BINS201:1] Bahá'í International Community; World Health Organization (WHO)
    1987 3 Oct
    198-
    The Bahá'í International Community joined the Network on Conservation and Religion of the World Wide Fund for Nature, the sixth major religion to do so. [AWH56; BBD38; VV106] Bahá'í International Community; Environment; Nature; World Wide Fund for Nature
    1988 30 Nov
    198-
    The Bahá'í International Community was elected Secretary of the Board of the 'Conference on Non-Governmental Organizations in consultative status with the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations' (CONGO) for the period 1988–91. [BINS189:2] Bahá'í International Community; New York, USA; Social and economic development; United Nations
    1982 10 – 11 Apr
    198-
    The Bahá'í International Health Agency was established as an affiliate of the Association for Bahá'í Studies. Dr Ethel Martens, a researcher in social and preventative medicine was asked to serve as the Executive Secretary.

    The agency was established with a view to co-ordinating and encouraging research and education among Bahá'ís who are health professionals and others who are interested or who have knowledge in this area.

    Goals of the agency include compiling a world directory of Bahá'ís who work in health-related professions, scientists and resources; organizing an international Bahá'í conference on health to be held every three years; publishing the proceedings of these conferences; and developing and distributing educational health programmes for children and adults in various countries and cultures. These programmes will be made available in written and audiovisual form for use by Bahá'í radio stations, Bahá'í schools, Spiritual Assemblies and non-Bahá'í' entities. [BW18:201; BW12p194; VV25]

    Bahá'í International Health Agency; Bahá'í Studies, Associations for; Canada; Ottawa, ON
    1989 Sep
    198-
    The Bahá'í Office of the Environment was established as part of the Bahá'í International Community in New York. [AWH75; VV54, 106] Bahá'í International Community; Bahá'í Office of the Environment; Environment; New York, USA; United States (USA)
    1989 6 May
    198-
    The Bahá'í World Centre received one of six awards given by the Council for a "Beautiful Israel" in a ceremony in Jerusalem. [BINS199:2] - Bahá'í World Centre; - Bahá'í World Centre; Awards; Jerusalem, Israel
    1982 27 Jun
    198-
    The Bahá'í Youth Academy was established in Panchgani, India. [BW18:230–2] Bahá'í Academy, India; Bahá'í Youth Academy, India; Bahá'í study centers; India; Maharashtra, India; Panchgani, India; Youth
    1980 2 May
    198-
    The Bahá'ís of India commemorated the centenary of the founding of the Bahá'í Faith in their country with a reception attended by about 400 guests, including the Minister of Foreign Affairs. [BW18:246–7]
  • See here for the story of Jamal Effendi.
  • Centenaries; India; Prominent visitors
    1989 9 Apr
    198-
    The Bahá'ís of Moscow celebrated the first Feast since the 1930s. The event took place in the Hainsworth home. [BW20p229] Feasts; Moscow, Russia first Feast in Moscow since the 1930s
    1989 (In the Year)
    198-
    The Bahá'ís of Warwick (U.K.) began producing a series of leaflets known informally as the "Warwick leaflets", and marketed in North America as the "Star Series". They were designed to be given out to seekers and new believers, and cover many introductory aspects of the Bahá'í Faith. For a list of titles see Bahá'i Library.

    For the history of the Warwick Leaflets see Bahaipedia.

    * Publications; * Publishing; United Kingdom; Warwick, England
    1986 (In the year)
    198-
    The Bahá'í Association for Arts (BAFA) was formed with its base in the Netherlands. * Arts and crafts; Bahá'í Association for Arts (BAFA); Bahá'í associations; Netherlands
    1981 5 Dec
    198-
    The Bahá'í cemetery in Tehran was seized "by order of the Revolutionary Court". Five caretakers and eight temporary workers were arrested and the cemetery was closed. [Mess63-86p510]

    The Baha'i cemetery, known as "Golestan-i-Javid" – the Eternal Garden – was confiscated. Ten years later, the City of Tehran demolished the cemetery in order to build the Khavaran Cultural Complex. In accordance with Shi'a jurisprudence, the conversion for the purpose of so-called "improvement" of a cemetery is only permissible after 30 years, but in this case only ten years had passed. The construction of the Khavaran Cultural Centre required deep excavation and the disinterment of more than 1,000 bodies. The design for the sunken yard and the vast basement of this complex was in reality a modern solution to the doctrinal problem of cleansing the soil of the "contamination" of the "unclean" remains of Bahá'ís. During the excavation and recycling of the soil, the remains of the "non-believer" Bahá'ís were apparently used in the foundation for the road and a new overpass. [Iran Press Watch 11 June 2018]

  • For the historical background of the mistreatment of the dead in Iran see Iran Press Watch 19288.iiiii
  • Since the Bahá'ís have always been prohibited from burying their dead in Muslim cemeteries, the acquisition of burial grounds has been a major goal of the Bahá'í communities. From the earliest days, Bahá'í dead have been buried in their own private properties, in plots of land donated by individual Bahá'ís to the community as local endowments, or, where possible, in the community-owned cemeteries obtained by collective financial contributions of individual Bahais. A systematic process of acquiring separate Bahá'í cemeteries, however, was inaugurated in most Bahá'í communities in the 1920s and continued in later decades. Prior to the 1979 revolution, most of the principal Bahá'í centers had their own cemeteries run under the supervision of the local Spiritual Assembly. After the revolution most of them have been destroyed and desecrated. [BAHAISM v. The Bahai Community in Iran by V. Rafati]
  • * Persecution, Iran; - Persecution; - Persecution, Arrests; - Persecution, Destruction; - Persecution, denial of burial; Cemeteries and graves; Golestan-i-Javid; Iran; Khavaran Cultural Complex; Tehran, Iran
    1981 1 Dec
    198-
    The Bahá'í International Community made its first appeal to the Commission on Human Rights to address the situation of the Bahá'í community in Iran and released a publication called The Baha'i's in Iran: A Report on the Persecution of a Religious Minority found in the Iran Human Rights Documentation Centre. * Persecution, Iran; - BIC statements; Bahá'í International Community; New York, USA; United States (USA)
    1986 (In the year)
    198-
    The Bayán Association started in Honduras in the mid-1980s by two Bahá'í families - the Smiths and the Sabripours. [Website]
  • History.
  • They offer services in the areas of:
  • - Social and Economic Development Organizations; Bayan Association; Honduras; La Ceiba, Honduras
    1987 (In the year)
    198-
    The Bayan Hospital, the first Bahá'í hospital in Honduras, opened in Palacios. Bayan Hospital, Honduras; Honduras; Palacios, Honduras first Bahá’í hospital in Honduras
    1986 6 Aug
    198-
    The Brazilian Society of Physicians for Peace is formed by Bahá'í physicians in Pôrto Alegre at a ceremony attended by 120 medical professionals. [BINS159:2–3] Bahá'í associations; Brazil; Conferences, Health; Porto Alegre, Brazil
    1981 Apr
    198-
    The Canadian Association for Studies on the Bahá'í Faith was renamed the Association for Bahá'í Studies. [BBD202; VV24–5] Association for Bahá'í Studies (North America); Bahá'í Studies, Associations for; Canada
    1982 (In the year)
    198-
    The Canadian Bahá'í International Development Service was established. [BBRSM154] Canada; Development
    1989 9 Mar
    198-
    The Commission on Human Rights adopted a resolution expressing grave concern at human rights violations in Iran, mentioning the Bahá'ís three times. [BINS195:1] * Persecution, Iran; - Persecution; - Persecution, Other; Bahá'í International Community; Human rights; Iran; United Nations
    1981 26 Nov
    198-
    The Comunicación Intercambio y Radiodifusión Bahá'í para America Latina y el Caribe (CIRBAL) was established by the Universal House of Justice to promote the development of Bahá'í radio and mass media activities in Latin America. [BW19:59]
  • The special Committee for Service to the Blind, located in the United Kingdom, was a clearing house and production and distribution centre for materials both on tape and in Braille; and CIRBAL (Centro para Intercambio Radiofonico Baha'i de America Latins), among its other functions, serves as a clearing house for tapes, videotapes, script and other materials suitable for use via radio and television. Its mandated area is South and Central America and the Caribbean. [BW18p115, 117]
  • Bahá'í Radio; Committee for Service to the Blindness (United Kingdom); Disability; Latin America; Peru; Social and economic development; Universal House of Justice
    1985 7 Oct
    198-
    The court cases against the Bahá'ís arrested in Egypt for contravening the 1960 ban on Bahá'í activities, due to be heard this, were adjourned until 3 February 1986 owing to adverse and unfair reports appearing in the newspapers. [BW19:286]

    Egyptian security services have exploited the decree to orchestrate six major crackdowns on the Bahá'í community , in 1965, 1967, 1970, 1972,1985 and 2001. The authorities arrested a total of 236 Egyptian Bahá'ís in these crackdowns, on grounds that they had violated the decree or on charges of "contempt of religion" On the few occasions on which arrests were followed by prosecutions, none of the defendants were ever found guilty of violating Law 263/1960 or any other law." from "IV. Egypt's Baha'is and the Policy of Erasure" in Prohibited Identities: State Interference with Religious Freedom by Human Rights Watch.

    - Persecution; - Persecution, Court cases; Court cases; Egypt; Persecution, Egypt
    1985 7 May
    198-
    The court hearings open on the cases of the Bahá'ís arrested in Egypt in February on charges of disregarding the 1960 ban on Bahá'í activity. [BW,9:285]
  • The cases were adjourned until 7 October to allow time for the defence lawyer to study the files numbering about a thousand pages. [BW19:285]
  • - Persecution; - Persecution, Arrests; - Persecution, Bans; - Persecution, Court cases; Court cases; Egypt; Persecution, Egypt
    1980 26 Nov
    198-
    The date, coincident with the Day of the Covenant, determined by the Universal House of Justice to be when the members of the Continental Board of Counsellors will start their five years term of service. [Message from the Universal House of Justice 29 June, 1979, BW19:27] - Bahá'í World Centre; Counsellors
    1980 27 Jul
    198-
    The death of Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi in Cairo. (b.26 October, 1919 in Tehran).
  • Shah of Iran from 16 September, 1941 to 11 February. He came to power after an Anglo-Soviet invasion forced the abdication of his father, Reza Shah.
  • He had been diagnosed with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia in April 1974 by the French haematologist Professor Jean Bernard, [David Owen]
  • He fled Iran on 17 January and flew to Aswan, Egypt where he was welcomed by President Anwar El-Sadat.
  • Later he lived in Marrakech, Morocco as a guest of King Hassan II.
  • And then Paradise Island in the Bahamas,
  • then Cuernavaca, Mexico, near Mexico City where his medical condition deteriorated.
  • On the 22nd of October he flew New York for treatment in the Cornell Medical Center after President Carter relented. He was later taken to the Kelly Air Force Base in Texas and from there to the Wilford Hall Medical Center at Lackland Air Force Base.
  • He left the US on the 15th of December, 1979 and lived for a short time in Isla Contadora in Panama where he was taken in under American pressure. The new Iranian government made an attempt to extradite him.
  • In March, 1980 he returned to Egypt having been offered permanent asylum by President Anwar El-Sadat
  • The official cause of death was complications of Waldenström's macroglobulinemia (a type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma)
  • He was buried in the Al Rifa'i Mosque in Cairo, [Wiki]
  • Cairo, Egypt; Egypt; Reza Shah Pahlavi
    1986 28 Jan
    198-
    The death of NASA Astronaut Ronald Erwin McNair (b. 21 October, 1951 in Lake City, SC) when Space Shuttle Challenger disintegrated nine miles above the Atlantic Ocean just 73 seconds after liftoff. Prior to this launch he had served 7 days, 23 minutes in space. He was buried in Rest Lawn Memorial Park in Lake City, South Carolina. [BlackPast.org]
  • McNair Crater on the Moon is named for him. [Wikipedia]
  • * Science; - Famous Bahá'ís; African Americans; Cape Canaveral, FL; Florida, USA; Lake City, SC; Ronald McNair; South Carolina, USA; Space exploration; United States (USA)
    1984 Ridván
    198-
    The emergence from obscurity, which has been so marked a feature of the Cause of God during the first five years of the Seven Year Plan [1979-1986], has been attended by changes, both external and internal, affecting the Bahá'í world community. Externally, there are signs of a crystallization of a public image of the Cause -- largely uninformed, however friendly -- while internally growing maturity and confidence are indicated by increased administrative ability, a desire for Bahá'í communities to render service to the larger body of mankind and a deepening understanding of the relevance of the divine Message to modern problems. Both these aspects of change must be taken into consideration as we enter the third and final phase of the Seven Year Plan. [The Universal House of Justice Ridvan 1984] - Bahá'í World Centre; Emergence from obscurity
    1986 -2001
    198-
    The end of the Third Epoch and the beginning of The Fourth Epoch of the Formative Age. [Message from the Universal House of Justice dated 5 February 1986; Mess63-86 p710-716]
  • See the attachment for the above-referenced message entitled The Epochs of the Formative Age prepared by the Research Department of the Universal House of Justice.
  • See Message from the Universal House of Justice dated 5 February 1986]
  • Cycles, Eras, Ages and Epochs; Formative Age
    1989 (In the year)
    198-
    The establishment of the Bahá'í International Community's Office of the Environment in New York. Ridván Message 1992 [AWH75; VV54 106] Bahá'í International Community; Environment; New York, USA; United States (USA)
    1983 20 Oct
    198-
    The establishment of the Office of Social and Economic Development.

     In a message to the Bahá'í world the Universal House of Justice called on individuals and Bahá'í communities to apply the teachings of Bahá'u'lláh systematically to the problems of their societies. This seminal statement pointed to the teachings of Bahá'u'lláh as a source of order in the world, asserted the coherence of the spiritual and the material dimensions of human life, praised the social and economic progress achieved by the Bahá'í community of Iran, announced the establishment of the Office of Social and Economic Development at the World Centre and defined the role of various Bahá'í agencies in fostering development. [Message from the Universal House of Justice dated 20 October, 1983, Mess63-86p602-603,AWH6–10; BW19:153, BW92-93pg229-245]

  • For the response of the Bahá'í world to the letter see BW19:112–13.
  • See also Social and Economic Development: The Bahá'í Contribution, a paper prepared for the United Nations Department of Public Information Annual Conference of Non-Governmental Organizations ("New Approaches to Development: Building a Just World") held in New York 5 September 1984.
  • The document Bahá'í Social and Economic Development: Prospects for the Future, prepared at the World Centre was approved for publication by the Universal House of Justice on the 16th of September 1993, for use by the Office of Social and Economic Development (OSED) in orienting and guiding the work in this area. Most central to this vision was the question of capacity building. That activity should start on a modest scale and only grow in complexity in keeping with available human resources was a concept that gradually came to influence development thought and practice. [Message from the Universal House of Justice dated 26 November, 2012]
  • See also The Evolution of Institutional Capacity for Social and Economic Development by the Office of Social and Economic Development dated 28 August, 1994. It described two types of organizational arrangements that emerged in the Bahá'í world capable of undertaking increasingly complex development efforts - training institutes and Bahá'í-inspired agencies.
  • A related document, The Prosperity of Humankind, was issued by the Bahá'í International Community's Office of Public Information and disseminated at the United Nations' 1995 World Summit for Social Development held in Copenhagen, Denmark. It offered a vision of social and economic development based on Bahá'í concepts. The document was first released on 23 January 1995.
  • A Clarification of Some Issues Concerning Social and Economic Development in Local and National Communities was prepared by the Office of Social and Economic Development in November of 1999 to respond to a number of questions that had arisen over the previous few years. It touched on such issues as degrees of complexity in development activity, the relationship between teaching and development, and participation in development projects.
  • See also Social Action by Office of Social and Economic Development dated 26 November, 2012.
  • See also For the Betterment of the World:The Worldwide Bahá'í Community's Approach to Social and Economic Development by Office of Social and Economic Development released on the 27th of April, 2018, updating publications of 2003 and 2008.
  • See also Vick, Social and Economic Development: A Bahá'í Approach.
  • The Office of Social and Economic Development was succeeded by the Bahá'í International Development Organization on 9 November 2018.
  • - BIC statements; - Bahá'í World Centre; Bahá'í International Community; Bahá'í International Development Organization; Office of Social and Economic Development (OSED); Social action; Social and economic development
    1985 6 – 9 Jul
    198-
    The European Bahá'í Youth Conference was held in Antwerp, Belgium, in July 1985, and was attended by some 1,450 youth from 45 nations. The youth addressed the European Parliament and the Council of Europe in letters which told of their resolve to put into action the International Youth Year themes of 'Participation, Development and Peace'. The youth spoke of programs in which Bahá'ís were supporting the themes, including human rights education and social and economic development projects. [BW19:301]
  • For picture see BW19:315.
  • - Conferences, International; - Europe; Antwerp, Belgium; Belgium; Conferences, Bahá'í; Conferences, Youth; European Union (EU); International Youth Year (1985); Youth

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