Bahai Library Online

Chronology of the Bahá'í Faith

World Canada
   

Date 197-, sorted by event description, descending

date event tags firsts
1972 6 Aug
197-
'Abdu'l-Hamíd Ishráq-Khávarí, Iranian scholar, author, translator and promoter of the Bahá'í Faith, passed away. [BW15:520]
  • For his obituary see BW15:518–20.
  • Wikipedia page.
  • - Bahá'í scholars (English/western); - Biography; - Births and deaths; - In Memoriam; ʻAbdu'l-Hamíd Ishráq-Khávari; Iran; Tehran, Iran
    1979 Mar
    197-
    Yúsif Subhání, a well-known Bahá'í businessman, was imprisoned in Tihrán. [BW18:278] * Persecution, Iran; - Persecution; - Persecution, Arrests; Iran; Tehran, Iran
    1970 15 June
    197-
    Worldwide Bahá'í Statistics [CBN248,February1971p11]
         Countries opened to the Faith:
              Independent countries                134
              Significant territories and islands  179
                                      Total        373
    
         Number of localities where Bahá'ís reside   43,341
    
         Number of local spiritual assemblies        10,318
    - Worldwide; Growth; Localities where Bahá'ís reside; Statistics
    1979 Dec
    197-
    Work on the demolition of the House of the Báb in Shíráz was resumed and the building almost razed to the ground. [BW18:255]
  • Several attempts had been made to demolish the House and several times they had to stop because there were freak accidents where people were hurt or killed in trying to knock it down. Finally it was completely demolished during the night in December. [OFM69]
  • See video Sacred Space - 40 Years Since the Destruction of the House of the Báb.
  • Wikipedia The Báb's House.
  • After the authorities demolished the House of the Báb, they decided to construct a Islamic religious center on that site. Ironically the new structure was named "Bayt-al-Mahdi" or "The House of the Mahdi (Promised One)". [The House of the Báb, Shiraz, Iran]
  • A Concise Encyclopedia of the Bahá'í Faith p315 says, "A road and a public square were later built over the site."
  • * Persecution, Iran; - Persecution; - Persecution, Destruction; Báb, House of (Shiraz); Iran; Shíráz, Iran
    1970 25 Jan
    197-
    Valde Nyman, the first full Gypsy in Finland to become a Bahá'í, enrolled in Helsinki. - First Bahá'ís by country or area; Finland; Gypsies first full Gypsy Bahá’í in Finland
    1975 19 Jun - 2 Jul
    197-
    Two* Bahá'í women represented the Bahá'í International Community at the first World Conference on Women in Mexico City. It was the first international conference held by the United Nations to focus solely on women's issues and marked a turning point in policy directives. Nine Bahá'ís represented the Bahá'í International Community at the parallel NGO Tribune. Those attending were: Dorothy Nelson*; Jane Faily, Sheila Banání, Edris Rice-Wray, Carmen Burafato, Catherine Mboya, Shirin Fozdar*, Jyoti Munsiff, Elsie Austin and Shomais Afnán.
  • The purpose of the Conference was to give shape to a Ten-Year Plan of Action to promote equality between men and women in member nations by stressing better education and increased participation of women in decision-making in order to bring the neglected resources of women into the struggle for development and peace. [CBN No 287 Aug/Sep 1975 p16; Wikipedia; United Nations - Conferences]
  • The Bahá'í International Community issued a statement entitled International Women's Year.
  • See UN Women.
  • - BIC statements; - Conferences; Bahá'í International Community; Carmen Burafato; Catherine Mboya; Conferences, Women; Dorothy Nelson; Edris Rice-Wray; Elsie Austin; Jane Faily; Jyoti Munsiff; Mexico; Mexico City, Mexico; Sheila Banani; Shirin Fozdar; Shomais Afnan first World Conference on Women in Mexico City
    1978 Oct
    197-
    Three hundred Bahá'í homes near Shíráz were burned or destroyed and in another 200 homes the Bahá'ís were driven from them, property was stolen and many Bahá'ís were beaten. [BW17:79; BW19:42]
  • At one point 700 Bahá'ís were homeless and their means of livelihood destroyed. [BW17:79; BN136 April 1979 p2-3]
  • * Persecution, Iran; - Persecution; - Persecution, Destruction; - Persecution, Other; Iran; Shíráz, Iran
    1972 Nov
    197-
    Thirty–two people enrolled in Corsica. Corsica, France
    1970 May
    197-
    The 'Iráqi Government issued a decree disbanding all Bahá'í institutions and all activities. For nearly three years, although the authorities carefully watched the conduct of the Bahá'ís, nothing apparently gave cause for interference in their personal lives and there were no additional impositions. [BW15p137] - Persecution; - Persecution, Bans; - Persecution, Other; Iraq; National Spiritual Assembly, formation; Persecution, Iraq
    1975 Ridván
    197-
    The zone of Northwestern Africa was split into the two separate zones of Northern and Western Africa and to each of which were transferred parts of the Central and East African zone. The zone of Northern Africa comprised of Egypt, Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco and Spanish Sahara. The zone of Western Africa consisted of Mauritania, Sénégal, the Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, the Cape Verde Islands, Guinea, Mali, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Upper Volta, Niger, Ghana, Togo, Dahomey, Nigeria, Chad, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, and São Tomé and Príncipe. [Message of the Universal House of Justice dated 6 January 1975]
  • In 1976 there was a ban on the Faith in Mali.
  • National Spiritual Assembly, formation
    1978 28 – 30 Dec
    197-
    The West African Bahá'í Women's Conference was held in Monrovia, Liberia with the theme, "Spiritual Education of Women-The Foundation of a New Human Society". [BW17:154]
  • Delegates from sixteen countries attended. It was attended by 150 women and 50 men. Keynote speaker was Dr. Jane Faily, Consultant to the Bahá'í International Community's representative to the United Nations and a clinical psychologist associated with the University of Ottawa. [BN 136 April, 1979 pg10-15]
  • - Africa; - Conferences, International; Bahá'í International Community; Conferences, Bahá'í; Conferences, Women; Jane Faily; Liberia; Monrovia, Liberia; Women
    1973 Ridván
    197-
    The Universal House of Justice was elected for the third time. The conference was attended by 472 National Spiritual Assembly members of the possible 1,017 from the 113 National and Regional Assemblies. Members of 14 Assemblies were prevented from attending for circumstances beyond their control but at least one person attended from the remaining 99 Assemblies. [VV14, SDSC296]
  • The newly elected members of the Universal House of Justice were: 'Alí Nakhjavání, Hushmand Fatheazam, Amoz Gibson, Ian Semple, David Hofman, Charles Wolcott, Borrah Kavelin, David Ruhe, Hugh Chance. [Mess63-86]
  • - Bahá'í World Centre; Conventions, International; Elections; Haifa, Israel; Universal House of Justice, Election of
    1978 Ridván
    197-
    The Universal House of Justice was elected for the fourth time at the International Convention held in Haifa. [BW17:293]
  • Those elected were: 'Alí Nakhjavání, Hushmand Fatheazam, Amoz Gibson, Ian Semple, David Ruhe, Charles Wolcott, David Hofman, Hugh Chance, Borrah Kavelin, . [Mess63-86p381] .
  • For details of the International Convention and pictures see BW17:293–300.
  • - Bahá'í World Centre; Conventions, International; Elections; Haifa, Israel; Universal House of Justice, Election of
    1971 28 Mar
    197-
    The Universal House of Justice sent a message to all National Spiritual Assemblies titled Principles of Bahá'í Publishing. [Mess63-86p185-189]

    See as well the referenced document Reviewing: Practice and Functions of Literature Review by Shoghi Effendi and Universal House of Justice compiled by Research Department of the Universal House of Justice.

    - Publishing, Review; Publishing, Policy and practice
    1973 8 Jun
    197-
    The Universal House of Justice permitted the Continental Boards of Counsellors to authorize individual Auxiliary Board members to appoint assistants. [BW17:322]
  • Mrs. Zena Sorabjee was appointed Trustee of the new Continental Fund of South Central Asia, while Mr. Hushang Ahdieh and Mr. Mas'úd Khamsí were appointed the new Trustees of the Continental Funds of Central and East Africa and South America respectively. 8 June, 1973
  • - Bahá'í World Centre; - Basic timeline, Expanded; Appointed arm; Assistants; Auxiliary board members; Counsellors; Funds; Funds, Continental; Universal House of Justice, Basic timeline
    1979 21 Mar
    197-
    The Universal House of Justice outlined the broad goals of the Seven Year Plan to he launched at Ridván 1979. [BW18:81–5] * Teaching Plans; - Bahá'í World Centre; Seven Year Plan (1979-1986)
    1974 Ridván
    197-
    The Universal House of Justice launched the Five Year Plan (1974-1979). [BBD181; BBRSM159; BW16:107; VV17]
  • For the message of the Universal House of Justice setting out the broad objectives of the Plan see BW16:107; Message Naw-Rúz 1974.
  • Three major objectives:
      -preservation and consolidation of the victories won
      -a vast and widespread expansion of the Bahá'í community
      -development of the distinctive character of Bahá'í life particularly in the local communities.   
  • * Teaching Plans; - Bahá'í World Centre; Five Year Plan (1974-1979)
    1971 Aug
    197-
    The Universal House of Justice erected an obelisk on the site of the future House of Worship of the Holy Land on land that was purchased in 1953 with a gift of $50,000 from Milly Collins. [MBW63, 78-79, BBD 172; BW15:177–8; DH175; MUHJ83–4, SES18-20] - Bahá'í World Centre; - Bahá'í World Centre; - Bahá'í World Centre buildings, monuments and gardens; - Basic timeline, Expanded; - Mashriqu'l-Adhkár (House of Worship); Funds; Haifa, Israel; Mashriqu'l-Adhkár, Haifa; Millie Collins; Mount Carmel; Obelisk (Haifa); Universal House of Justice; Universal House of Justice, Basic timeline
    1971 approx Sep
    197-
    The Universal House of Justice distributed a memorandum to all National Assemblies to provide clarification to the publishing review policy. The purpose of review is to protect the Faith from misrepresentation and to ensure dignity and accuracy in its presentation. In general the function of a reviewing committee is to say whether the work submitted gives an acceptable presentation of the Cause or not. [National Bahá'í Review Issue 45 September 1971 p2] * Publishing; - Bahá'í World Centre; - Publishing, Review; Publishing, Policy and practice; Universal House of Justice
    1975 Ridván
    197-
    The Universal House of Justice changed the name of the National Spiritual Assembly of North East Africa to the National Spiritual Assembly of Ethiopia. The only difference in the area of jurisdiction was that it no longer included Somalia. [BW16:144] Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Ethiopia; National Spiritual Assembly, formation first NSA Ethiopia
    1973 5 Jun
    197-
    The Universal House of Justice asked the Bahá'ís to commemorate on the Feast of Núr, the one hundredth anniversary of Bahá'u'lláh's departure from 'Akká and move to Mazra'ih. [VV21] Bahá'u'lláh, Banishment of; Centenaries; House of Bahá'u'lláh (Mazra'ih); Mazraih, Israel
    1972 7 Jun
    197-
    The Universal House of Justice announced the decision to construct its Seat. [DH172; MUHJ98–9; VV37] - Bahá'í World Centre; Arc (World Centre); Universal House of Justice, Seat of (Haifa)
    1973 4 Dec
    197-
    The Universal House of Justice announced the completion of the final, south-western quadrant of the gardens at Bahjí. [BW16:135–6; DH122] - Bahá'í World Centre; - Bahá'í World Centre buildings, monuments and gardens; Bahji, Israel
    1979 4 Jul
    197-
    The Universal House of Justice announced the appointment of a fourth Counsellor to the International Teaching Centre, Counsellor Anneliese Bopp. [Mess63-86p421] - Bahá'í World Centre; Anneliese Bopp; Counsellors; International Teaching Centre
    1979 29 Jun
    197-
    The Universal House of Justice announced that the term of service for the members of the Continental Board of Counsellors will be five years as of the 26th of November, 1980, the Day of the Covenant. [Message from the Universal House of Justice 29 June, 1979, BW19:27] - Bahá'í World Centre; Appointed arm; Counsellors
    1973 7 Oct
    197-
    The Universal House of Justice announced that the number of Auxiliary Board members throughout the world was to be raised to 270, of whom 81 will serve on the Auxiliary Boards for the Protection of the Faith and 189 will serve on the Auxiliary Boards for the Propagation of the Faith. In all there will be 54 Auxiliary Board members in Africa, 81 in the Western Hemisphere, 81 in Asia, 18 in Australasia and 36 in Europe.
  • Each Continental Board of Counsellors was given the discretion to authorize individual Auxiliary Board members to appoint assistants and given broad latitude in this matter. [Message from the Universal House of Justice 7 October, 1973]
  • - Bahá'í World Centre; - Basic timeline, Expanded; Appointed arm; Assistants; Auxiliary board members; Counsellors; Universal House of Justice, Basic timeline
    1974 5 - 16 Nov
    197-
    The United Nations World Food Conference was held in Rome. [BW16p344]
  • The Bahá'í International Community delegates to this conference presented the brochure, One World, One People - A Bahá'í View.
  • See the statement presented by the Bahá'í International Community to the Conference.
  • Bahá'í International Community; Italy; Rome, Italy; United Nations
    1979 12 Jun
    197-
    The UN Conference entitled "The Human Factor in Science and Technology for Development" was held in New York. Those attending on behalf of the Bahá'í International Community were: Dr. Will C. van den Hoonaard, Alternative Representative of the Baha'i International Community; Dr. K.H. Standke, Director, UN Office of Science and Technology for Development; Mr. Jurge Mahner, Special Fellow, UN Institute for Training and Research; Mr. John Edmonds, Engineer, Baha'i; and Ms. Susan Berge, Economist, Baha'i. [BIC History Science and Technology for Development] Bahá'í International Community; New York, USA; United Nations conferences; United States (USA)
    1975 1 Mar
    197-
    The Supreme Constitutional Court of Egypt decided that the 1960 decree of President Nasser banning all Bahá'í activities was constitutional and the application of the Bahá'ís for annulment of the decree was dismissed. Though nominally they have been guaranteed equal rights and religious freedoms under the 1971 Constitution, Bahá'ís, in practice, have retained a secondary legal status due to ongoing religious discrimination. Issues pertaining to personal status in Egypt were informed by religious rather than civil law and recognition pertained only to Islam, Christianity and Judaism. Aspects of religious life such as marriage, divorce and family relationships were not recognized by the state.

    Egyptian security services have exploited the decree to orchestrate six major crackdowns on the Bahá'í community , in 1965, 1967, 1970, 1972,1985 and 2001. The authorities arrested a total of 236 Egyptian Bahá'ís in these crackdowns, on grounds that they had violated the decree or on charges of "contempt of religion" On the few occasions on which arrests were followed by prosecutions, none of the defendants were ever found guilty of violating Law 263/1960 or any other law." [BW16:137; Prohibited Identities: State Interference with Religious Freedom p31 footnote 54]

    - Persecution; - Persecution, Bans; Egypt; Human rights; Persecution, Egypt
    1972 Ridván
    197-
    The Spiritual Assembly of Phuntsholing town was formed. It was the first assembly of Bhutan. [Bahá'í Collections] Bhutan; Local Spiritual Assemblies; Phuntsholing, Bhutan first Local Spiritual Assembly in Bhutan.
    1979 (In the year)
    197-
    The Síyáh-Chál in Tihrán and the houses of Quddús and Hujjat were seized and occupied by members of the revolutionary committees. [BW17:79–80] * Persecution, Iran; - Persecution; - Persecution, Other; Hujjat; Iran; Quddús; Síyáh-Chál (Black Pit, Tehran); Tehran, Iran
    1975 31 Oct
    197-
    The Secretary of Religious Affairs in the President's Office of Uganda informed the Bahá'ís that the Bahá'í Faith was not among those religions prohibited to practise in the country. [BW16:147] Recognition (legal); Uganda
    1979 15 - 16 Sep
    197-
    The second Baha'i Studies Seminar on Ethics and Methodology was held at St. John's College in Cambridge, England.
  • The proceedings.
  • - Ethics; Bahá'í studies; Cambridge, England; Methodology; Scholarship
    1975 4 - 8 Jul
    197-
    The Ridván Message contained the phrase, "EVIDENCES GATHERING CLOUDS WIDESPREAD OPPOSITION" and the Universal House of Justice called together all the 'high ranking officers' and 'senior administrative bodies' of the Faith in North America for special consultation on the future protection of the Cause" to be held in Wilmette. It was attended by the three Hands of the Cause for North America, Mr Sears, Mr Robarts and Mr Zikrullah Khadem; the four members of the Board of Counsellors, Velma Sherrill, Lloyd Gardner, Sarah Periera, and Edna True; all the members of the National Spiritual Assemblies of Alaska, Canada and the United States as well as representative of the National Assembly of Hawaii; all of the Auxiliary Board members in North America and special guest, Counsellor 'Azíz Yazdí of the International Teaching Centre.
  • Although the primary reason for gathering was to discuss the issue of the protection of the Faith there were opportunities for members of the three National Spiritual Assemblies and the Auxiliary Boards to share teaching ideas and to learn of the goals achieved in other areas. [BN Vol 52 No 8 August, 1975 p13-14, CBN Issue 287 Aug/Sept 1975 p1-4]
  • - Conferences; - Conferences, Continental; Chicago, IL; United States (USA); Wilmette, IL first continental conference in North America.
    1977 Dec
    197-
    The restoration of the house of 'Abdu'lláh Páshá began. [BW17:84] - Bahá'í World Centre; - Restoration and renovation; Akka, Israel; Haifa, Israel; House of `Abdu'lláh Páshá (Akká)
    1975 (In the year)
    197-
    The release of the film entitled Invitation produced under the auspices of the National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of Canada by Elizabeth Martin, with the help of Chris Lyons. It was a memoir of Amatu'l-Bahá Rúhíyyih Khánum incorporating footage from Khánum's Andean trip along with memories of her childhood years in Montreal. [HNWE36]
  • The National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of Canada invited Hand of the Cause Amatu'l-Bahá to the re-opening of the Bahá'í Shrine in Montreal following the completion of renovations to the historic Bahá'í site. This film documents inspired talks she gave from August 30th to September 7th, including the on given in the Church of the Messiah, where 'Abdu'l-Bahá had given an address in 1912. She shares reminiscences related to her childhood home which was later designated by Shoghi Effendi as a Shrine.
  • The film was originally shot in 16mm and was digitally remastered in 2003.
  • - Film; Amatu’l-Bahá Rúḥíyyih Khánum; Amatul-Bahá Ruhiyyih Khanum, Journeys of; Canada; Chris Lyons; Elizabeth Martin; Invitation (film); Latin America; Montreal, QC
    1970 approx Jul
    197-
    The release of the film It's Just the Beginning. The documentary film is about the 1970 Bahá'í National Youth Conference and was made by Kiva Films. This film was aired on television and at community events. Distribution was under the Public Information Committee of the National Assembly of the Bahá'ís of the United States. [National Bahá'í Review Issue 47 November 1972 p2]
  • YouTube.
  • - Film; Its Just the Beginning (documentary film); United States (USA)
    1979 24 Oct
    197-
    The publication of the compilation Inspiring the Heart by the Universal House of Justice. This compilation was published as a book by the Bahá'í Publishing Trust of the United Kingdom in 1981. [Messages63-86p430] * Publications; - Bahá'í World Centre; - Compilations; Inspiring the Heart (compilation); United Kingdom; Universal House of Justice
    1974 (In the year)
    197-
    The publication of The Bahá'í Faith: Its History and Teachings by Reverend William McElwee Miller. This book was an update of his 1931 publication Bahá'ism: Its Origin, History and Teachings. Forty-three years earlier he had predicted that the Bahá'í Faith would soon only be known to students of history. Now he revised his assessment to say, "Whoever peruses the thousands of pages of the thirteen large volumes of The Bahá'í World will be impressed by the fact that the Bahá'í Faith is indeed a world faith." [MCSp766]
  • See The Cyprus Exiles p102 by Moojan Momen for information on how Miller got a great deal of material for his book.
  • See "Missionary as Historian: William Miller and the Bahá'í Faith" by Douglas Martin published in Bahá'í Studies, volume 4.
  • In 1940 William McElwee Miller published and article titled "The Bahá'í Cause Today" in The Moslem World (Vol XXX October 1940 page 389). The periodical was described as being "A Christian quarterly review of current events, literature and thought among Mohammedans." Marzieh Gail published a rebuttal in World Order Vol 7 Issue 2 May 1941 p46-63.
  • Criticism and apologetics; Marzieh Gail; Pennsylvania, USA; United States (USA); William McElwee Miller
    1976 (In the year)
    197-
    The publication of Selections from the Writings of the Báb compiled by the Research Department of the Universal House of Justice and translated by Habib Taherzadeh with the assistance of a Committee at the Bahá'í World Centre. [SWB] * Báb, Writings of; * Publications; - Bahá'í World Centre; - Selections from the Writings of the Báb (book); Habib Taherzadeh; Translators first authorized source of the Bab’s Writings in English.
    1978 (In the year)
    197-
    The publication of Tablets of Bahá'u'lláh Revealed after the Kitáb-i-Aqdas. [TRAKA]

    It is also published under the title "Fountain of Wisdom: A Collection of Writings from Baháʼu'lláh".

    Sixteen Tablets revealed by Bahá'u'lláh during the later years of His life, including the Tablet of Carmel, the Book of the Covenant, and the Tablet of Wisdom, as well as excerpts from other Writings. Six of the tablets in this volume were translated into English and published in 1917. The translations were improved upon by Shoghi Effendi, and those not translated by him were filled in with the publication in 1978 under the supervision of the Universal House of Justice. [wikipedia]

    * Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; * Publications; * Translation; - Bahá'í World Centre; - Fountain of Wisdom (book); - Tablets of Bahá'u'lláh revealed after the Kitáb-i-Aqdas; Akka, Israel
    1971 (In the year)
    197-
    The publication of Memorials of the Faithful by the Bahá'í Publishing Trust in Wilmette as translated from the original Persian and annotated by Marzieh Gail. It contains eulogies of some eighty early Bahá'ís transcribed from a series of talks given by 'Abdu'l‑Bahá in Haifa around 1914–15.

    It was first published in 1924 in Farsi when the Persian transcripts that had been corrected by 'Abdu'l‑Bahá were compiled into a single volume.

  • In 1973 Memorials of the Faithful was transcribed by Gertrude D Schurgast and published in Tucson, AZ by the Bahá'í Service for the Blind. In 1975 a second print run was done. [Collins3.75, 8.3]
  • See reviews, papers and tributes to the book.
  • * `Abdu'l-Bahá, Basic timeline; * `Abdu'l-Bahá, Writings and talks of; * `Abdu'l-Bahá (chronology); - Basic timeline, Expanded; Bahá'í Service for the Blind (USA); Gertrude D Schurgast; Marzieh Gail; Memorials of the Faithful (book); United States (USA); Wilmette, IL
    1971 (In the year)
    197-
    The publication of Divine Symphony by the Bahá'í Publishing Trust of New Delhi. The book was reprinted in 1976 and 1977. [Collins7.2771; p156] Divine Symphony; India; New Delhi, India
    1977 (In the year)
    197-
    The publication of Call to the Nations, by Shoghi Effendi. It was composed of selections from the writings of the Guardian's "World Order letters" chosen by the Universal House of Justice and offered as a light and a guidance to all humankind in a "dark period of our history".
  • For a download in English see Call to the Nations.
  • For a Spanish translation see Llamado a las Naciones.
  • * Publications; - Bahá'í World Centre; Call to the Nations (book); Shoghi Effendi, Works of; Shoghi Effendi, Writings of
    1977 5 Jul
    197-
    The passing of Mírzá Ahmad Khán Yazdání Kasrawí (b. April 24, 1891) in Tehran. Born into a Muslim family he learned of the Faith from a peddler and then studied under Hand of the Cause Ibni-Abhár and from the renowned teacher, Aflavén-i's-Safé and became an avowed believer at the age of twenty-two.
  • In 1919 he was commissioned by 'Abdu'l-Bahá to accompany Hand of the Cause Ibn-i-Abhár to The Hague to take a Tablet addressed to the Central Organization for a Durable Peace along with its English translation.
  • In addition to this service for 'Abdu'l-Bahá he served on the Spiritual Assembly of the Tehran and travelled at the request of Shoghi Effendi to India and Pakistan to teach and to Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar and Dubai to cheer the hearts of the pioneers that had settled in those countries. He also travelled to Iráq and Hijaz as well as Turkey and Afghanistan.
  • He served as editor of the Bahá'í News of Iran for 12 years and contributed articles regularly. He was the founder and a contributor to the Bahá'í Women's Journal and contributed to the Bahá'í Youth Magazine as well as the Year Book of the Iranian Bahá'í youth. [Bahaipedia; BW17p4380439]
  • - Biography; - In Memoriam; Ahmad Yazdani; Central Organization for a Durable Peace; Iran; Tehran, Iran
    1972 17 Dec
    197-
    The passing of Matthew Washington Bullock (b. 11 September, 1881 in Dabney, North Carolina) in Detroit, Michigan. His place of burial is unknown.
  • He was a singer, a talented athlete, a football coach, a teacher, a soldier, a war hero, a civic leader, a church leader.

    • See this newspaper clipping which implies that he may have been subjected to rough treatment by the opposing Princeton team.
  • Lawyer-graduated from Harvard Law School in 1907.
  • Found the Faith in 1940 after many years of careful investigation.
  • Husband to Katherine Wright, (d. 1945), father to Matthew W. Bullock Jr (a judge) and Julia Gaddy (librarian).
  • Chairman of the Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of Boston.
  • Travel teacher to Haiti, Costa Rica, Mexico, Belgian Congo, Liberia.
  • Elected to the National Spiritual Assembly of the the United States in 1952.
  • Represented the NSA at the first Intercontinental Bahá'í Conference in Uganda, East and received permission to visit the Holy Land on pilgrimage prior to attending the Conference.
  • Became a Knight of Bahá'u'lláh in 1953 for Dutch West Indies when he and four other members of the NSA resigned to take up pioneer posts.
  • He received an honorary degree from Harvard in recognition of the lifetime of achievements.
  • He spent his last years in Detroit in the care of his daughter. [BW15p535-539]
  • Find a grave
  • See a biographical article in the Evertt Independent.
  • - Biography; - Births and deaths; - In Memoriam; - Knights of Bahá'u'lláh; Dabney, NC; Detroit, MI; Matthew Bullock; United States (USA)
    1976 24 Apr
    197-
    The passing of Mark George Tobey (b. December 11, 1890 Centerville, Wisconsin – d. April 24, 1976 Basel, Switzerland) [Bahá'í News page 341, Wiki, VV119]
  • He had been introduced to the Faith by Bernard Leach. [OPOP223]
  • Another version is that In 1918 Mark Tobey came in contact with Juliet Thompson and posed for her. During the session Tobey read some Bahá'í literature and accepted an invitation to Green Acre where he converted. [Seitz, William Chapin (1980). Mark Tobey. Ayer Publishing. p. 44]
  • Tobey was one of the twentieth century's most cosmopolitan of artists. An inveterate traveler—he eventually settled in Basel, Switzerland—he was always better known in Europe than in his homeland.
  • His mature 'white writing' works are made up of pulsing webs of lines inspired by oriental calligraphy, explicitly acknowledged the direct influence of the Bahá'í Faith on his painting. It has been said that Tobey "made line the symbol of spiritual illumination, human communication and migration, natural form and process, and movement between levels of consciousness." He often stated, "that there can be no break between nature, art, science, religion, and personal life".
  • See Bahá'í World 1994-95 pg248 for an article by Anne Boyles entitled "The Language of the Heart: Arts in the Bahá'í World Community" for mention of Mark Tobey.
  • For his obituary see BW17:401–4.
  • See a brief biography in The Bahá'í Community of the British Isles 1844-1963 p462-464 and for the story of his learning of the Faith, p459-460.
  • Towards the end of his life, Tobey was the recipient of some of the highest distinctions that the European art scene of his time could bestow. He won the gold medal at the Venice Biennale in 1958—the first American painter to do so since 1895. In 1961, a major retrospective of his work was held at the Louvre in Paris, an unprecedented achievement for a living and American artist.
  • See The Journal of Bahá'í Studies, Volume 26, number 4 – Winter 2016 p94 for an article by Anne Gordon Perry entitled Anne Gould Hauberg and Mark Tobey: Lives Lived for Art, Cultivated by Spirit.
  • An exhibition, Mark Tobey: Threading Light showed at the Peggy Guggenheim Collection, Venice, 6 May to 10 September 2017 and at the Addison Gallery of American Art, Phillips Academy, Andover, Massachusetts, 4 November 2017–11 March 2018.
  • An example of some of his works.
  • See World Order Vol 11 No 3 Spring 1977 for the following articles:
    • The Days with Mark Tobey by Marzieh Gail
    • Mark, Dear Mark by Bernard Leach
    • Memories of Mark Tobey by Firuz Kazemzahed
    • The Dot and the Circle by Mark Tobey
  • * Arts and crafts; - Biography; - In Memoriam; - Painting; Anne Gould Hauberg; Basel, Switzerland; Bernard Leach; Centerville, WI; Mark Tobey; Switzerland; United States (USA); Wisconsin, USA
    1970 18 or 20 Mar
    197-
    The passing of Hilda Yank Sing Yen Male (b. 29 Nov or 29 Nov 1902, 1904 or 1906 in China, d. Riverdale, Bronx County, New York, USA). She was buried at the Ferncliff Cemetery and Mausoleum, Hartsdale, New York, USA.
  • In Memoriam. [BW15p476-478; PH54-56]
  • A note from Mrs. Mildred Mottahedeh. read, in part: "This noble lady played an important role in the development of the Bahá'í Faith in the international field, and it was through her efforts that the Bahá'ís began their work with the United Nations." [BN No 472 July 1970 p2]
  • For a biography see Wikipedia.
  • She asked to attend the 1944 Baháʼí Annual convention as an observer and was moved by the spontaneous gestures of welcome and care shown between individuals society normally kept apart. She requested to enroll as a Baháʼí. She then asked to address the convention as a Baháʼí:

    "Fellow Baha'is, this is more than a pleasure. It is a miracle that I am participating with you in discussing such important matters. I contacted two denominations and a parliament of religions before I met Julia Goldman, Baha'i, who sowed this seed in my heart. While convalescent from a flying crash, my life was given me for service to God. Julia took me under her wing. I saw God vaguely; then more clearly, through the Baha'i Faith. Then came the battle of Hongkong(sic) where all shared in a common danger and hunger - forced to live the oneness of mankind. At length I secured a priority to fly to America and how do I rejoice to be in this free country! Conferring with Americans I have found this country the best to execute the message of peace. I have been blessed in meeting other Baha'is. I have been deeply impressed by the love and affection among Baha'is. China is well prepared by its sages for the Baha'i Faith. …" [BN No 170 September 1944 p6]

  • Find a grave.
  • - Biography; - In Memoriam; Bahá'í International Community; China; Hilda Yen; Riverdale, NY; United Nations
    1970 3 Aug
    197-
    The passing of Haik (Haig) Kevorkian (b.1 October 1916 in Aleppo, Syria) in Lomas de Zamora, Buenos Aires province of Argentina at the age of 54. He was buried in the British Cemetery beside his parents and his infant son.

    Haik had learned of the Faith from his father who had embraced the Faith in his birthplace, Gaziantep Aintab, Turkey. In 1937 the family emigrated from Aleppo, Syria to Argentina and they stopped on the way to visit the Holy Land where they spoke with the Guardian about pioneering. They arrived in Buenos Aires on the 29th of March after a another stop in Bahia to visit Leonora Holsapple.

    On February 29th, 1940 May Maxwell, accompanied by her niece Jeanne Bolles arrived in Buenos Aires and it was from Haik that she received the a telephone call to welcome her. The following morning when the Kevorkian family called at the City Hotel they learned that May Maxwell had passed during the night. Haik and Wilfrid Barton searched for a befitting spot for her interment and Haik spent the rest of his life honouring and caring for her resting place.

    Haik taught the Faith in the interior of Argentina and make international trips to Uruguay, Paraguay, Bolivia, Peru, Chile Brazil and Ecuador. He assisted in the formation of the first spiritual assembly in Guayaquil and won the honour of being named a Knight of Bahá'u'lláh when he settled in the Galapolos Islands in May 1954. A record of his service there can be found in Heroes of God: History of the Bahá'í Faith in Ecuador, 1940-1979 by Helen Bassett Hornby.

    Upon his return from the Galapolos to Buenos Aires he married Aurora de Eyto and they had one surviving son, Daniel Claudio (b.1960). [BW15p483-485]

    - Biography; - In Memoriam; - Knights of Bahá'u'lláh; Argentina; Buenos Aires, Argentina; Haig Kevorkian
    1970 26 Sep
    197-
    The passing of Florence Evaline (Lorol) Schopflocher (b.1886 in Montreal. QC) in the Green Acre area. She was buried at the Mount Pleasant Cemetery in Eliot, Maine [Find a grave]
  • Wife of Hand of the Cause of God Siegfried Schopflocher. For his "In Memoriam" see BW7p664.
  • She circled the globe nine times on travel teaching tours and visited some 86 countries, many of them multiple times. She travelled to Iran twice visiting parts not previously visited by Western Bahá'ís.
  • She visited the Guardian 11 times.
  • She had several audiences with King Feisal in Iraq and discussed the question of the House of Bahá'u'lláh in Baghdád with him.
  • Favourite themes for her public talks were the World Order letters of Shoghi Effendi and the emancipation and education of women.
  • A radiant star went from the West to the East. [BW15p488-489]
  • See Bahá'í Chronicles.
  • See her account of her travels in her autobiographical book Sunburst.
  • See a brief biography in The Bahá'í Community of the British Isles 1844-1963 p464-465.
  • - Biography; - Births and deaths; - In Memoriam; Canada; House of Bahá'u'lláh (Baghdad); Lorol Schopflocher; Montreal, QC; Quebec, Canada; Siegfried Schopflocher
    1974 1 Feb
    197-
    The passing of Daoud Toeg (b. Baghdad, Iraq in 1897) in Hull, Quebec (now Gatineau).
  • After he had learned of the Faith he enrolled eight other persons before writing the Guardian with his own declaration.
  • He pioneered to Italy in the 1930s for about a year and a half.
  • In 1954 he was appointed Auxiliary Board Member for Iraq, on the first Auxiliary Board for Asia. He served for sixteen years.
  • He supervised the construction of the Hazíratu'l-Quds in Baghdad and was helpful in securing a Temple site.
  • Mr. Toeg served the Guardian by conveying artifacts and Huqúqu'lláh payments from Persia to the Holy Land at a time when there was no direct communications.
  • He served as a representative of the Huqúqu'lláh for the believers in Iraq.
  • He was instrumental in locating and photographing the caves of Sar-Galú in Sulaymáníyyih, Kurdistán where Bahá'u'lláh lived for two years while in retreat.
  • He, his wife Latifa, and their sons pioneered to Kirkuk during the Ten Year Crusade but after seven years were asked to return to Baghdad to assist with the work there.
  • The family left Iraq in 1970 and settled in Hull where they helped to establish the first Local Spiritual Assembly. [BW16p527-528, Bahá'í World 16, Grave]
  • - Biography; - In Memoriam; Auxiliary board members; Baghdad, Iraq; Daoud Toeg; Hull, QC; Iraq; Kurdistan; Quebec, Canada; Sulaymaniyyih, Iraq First Local Spiritual Assembly of Hull
    1970 20 Feb
    197-
    The passing of Curtis Demude Kelsey (b. 6 March, 1894 in Salt Lake City, UT) in Bradenton, FL.
  • He became a Bahá'í in 1917 through the influence of his mother, a talented poetess and writer who learned of the Faith in 1909.
  • Roy Wilhelm had sent three generators to the Holy Land and had asked permission from 'Abdu'l-Bahá to have Curtis come and install them. His request was granted and Curtis spent from September, 1921 until April, 1922 in the Holy Land. The units were installed at the Shrine of the Báb, (See SETPE1p38) at Bahjí (See SETPE1p55) and at the home of 'Abdu'l-Bahá at #7 Haparsin Street and the work was completed at all three locations on the last day of Ridván, 1922.
  • On the 6th of August, 1928 he married Harriet Morgan Kelsey (d. 18 March, 1971), a gifted musician and a teacher. They raised four children.
  • In 1953 while on pilgrimage Shoghi Effendi asked him to extend his stay to install a pump and watering system for the grounds at Bahjí.
  • He served on the Spiritual Assembly of West Englewood (now Teaneck) for some 30 years.
  • Curtis spent some time serving as an Auxiliary Board Member and gave talks at summer schools.
  • He passed away while serving at his place of retirement in Bradenton Florida. [BW15p468-473]
  • - Biography; - Births and deaths; - In Memoriam; Auxiliary board members; Bradenton, FL; Curtis Kelsey; Florida, USA; Harriet Kelsey; United States (USA)
    1977 16 Aug
    197-
    The passing of Annamarie Honnold (b. 23 December 1914 in Urbana, Illinois) in Kennet Square, PA, USA. She was an American Bahá'í author, teacher and United Nations representative. Her mother became a Bahá'í a year after her birth and in 1921 the parents and their two daughters, Annamarie and Margaret Rosa, went on pilgrimage and met 'Abdu'l-Bahá.

    Her publications were:

  • 1982 - Vignettes from the Life of 'Abdu'l-Bahá
  • 1986 - Divine Therapy: Pearls of Wisdom from the Bahá'í Writings
  • 1994 - Why They Became Bahá'ís: First Generation Bahá'ís By 1963
  • In 1972 she published Glimpses of Early Bahá'í Pilgrimages, a discussion of early pilgrimages based on the resulting pilgrim's notes. Includes text from a variety of memoirs.
  • - Biography; - In Memoriam; Annamarie Honnold; Kennett Square, PA; Pennsylvania, USA; United States (USA); Urbana, IL
    1971 24 May
    197-
    The passing of Anna Reinke (b. 15 August, 1882 Travis County, Texas) in Travis County Texas. She was buried in the Maul Cemetery in Travis County.
  • She is considered the mother of the Bahá'í community in Texas. Anna Reinke was a seamstress who lived in a converted Austin trolley from 1942 until her passing. She had learned of the Faith from her sister in Washington DC. Reinke is credited with the first racially integrated meeting ever held in Texas when she joined Gregory at Anderson High School, which was an all-African American school, where he delivered a message of racial friendship. The program eventually became the forerunner of the Louis Gregory Symposium on Race Unity that began March 27, 2007, and is held annually on Austin's Huston-Tillotson University campus. In the late 1940s, the Texas Regional Teaching Committee began an annual event, the Inter-racial Panel, that included Texan members of the Bahá'í faith, with the first event—a picnic—held at the home of Reinke, an active committee member. [The Statesman 29 October, 2019]
  • Find a grave
  • - Biography; Anna Reinke; Texas, USA; Travis County, TX; United States (USA) first Baha'i in Texas. Held the first racially integrated meeting in Texas.
    1971 1 Jan
    197-
    The passing of Agnes Baldwin Alexander, (b. 26July 1875 in Hawaii) Hand of the Cause; "the daughter of the Kingdom", and "the beloved maid-servant of the Blessed Perfection" ('Abdu'l-Baha); the only Hand of the Cause mentioned in the Tablets of the Divine Plan; The first Bahá'í to set foot on Hawaiian soil; the first Bahá'í to settle in Japan; and the first Bahá'í to teach the Faith in Korea, passed away in Honolulu. (b. 21 July 1875) [BW15:423; VV8]
  • On the 13th of October she received a Tablet from 'Abdi'l-Baha encouraging her to travel to Japan. She arrived in 1914 and remained there for a total of thirty-two years. She lf[PH32]
  • She was appointed a Hand of the Cause on the 27th of March, 1957 after the passing of Hand of the Cause of God George Townshend. [MoCxxiv]eft Japan in 1937 and returned in 1950.
  • For her obituary see BW15:423–30.
  • See Life of Agnes Alexander by Duane Troxel.
  • See A Tribute to Agnes Alexander by Ben Perkins.
  • See An Account of How I Became a Bahá'í and My Stays in Paris in 1901 and 1937: Written at the Request of Mrs. Laura Dreyfus-Barney by Agnes Baldwin Alexander and edited by Thomas Linard.
  • - Biography; - Births and deaths; - Hands of the Cause; - In Memoriam; Agnes Alexander; Firsts, other; Hands of the Cause, Appointments; Hands of the Cause, Births and deaths; Hawaii, USA; Honolulu, HI first to set foot on Hawaiian soil, first to settle in Japan, first to teach the Faith in Korea
    1976 5 Oct
    197-
    The passing of Adelaide Sharp (b. Texas, 1896) in Tehran.
  • In 1929 she accompanied Dr Susan Moody (77) to Tehran and and took up the position of principal of the Tarbiyat School for Girls (opened 1910).
  • In 1931 she invited her mother, Clara Sharp, to come and live with her.
  • After the closing of the Tarbiyat Schools on the 6th of December, 1934, the Guardian asked her to remain in Persia. She organized study classes for both boys and girls to study English writings such as Bahá'í Administration, The Promised Day is Come, The World Order of Bahá'u'lláh and other works from the Guardian. In 1954 the Guardian ruled that women could serve on Bahá'í administrative bodied in Persia. She was elected to the National Spiritual Assembly and served in this role for the next fourteen years. She attended the First and Second International Conventions in 1963 and in 1968. Her five decade legacy of service in Iran included children's education, translating Writings, consolidating administrative institutions, serving as the"external affairs" representative for the National Assembly. Upon her passing memorial services where held in Tehran as well as other centres throughout the country. [BW17p418-420, Bahá'í Heroes & Heroines]
  • - Biography; - Births and deaths; - In Memoriam; Adelaide Sharp; Clara Sharp; Firsts, other; Iran; Tarbiyat School, Tihran; Tehran, Iran; Texas, USA; United States (USA) first woman member of the National Spiritual Assembly of Iran
    1978 5 Jul
    197-
    The passing of Ruth J. Ellis Moffet (b. 19 January 1880 in Eau Claire, Wisconsin). She was buried in Glendale Cemetery in Des Moines, Iowa. Ruth Moffet has been described as a "champion teacher for of the Cause of God" and as being "instrumental in helping establish the Bahá'í Faith in the United States". Her travels took her through Europe, the Near East, Asia, Egypt and Canada as well as the United States. [BW17p463]

    Publications:

    • Do'a: On Wings of Prayer: First published in 1933, then in 1938 and 1953 as Do'a: The Call to Prayer. It was reprinted in 1974 and later in 1984. The book has been described as "A broad Bahá'í approach to prayer and mediation of 'the practice of the presence of the Spirit of God', using quotations from the Bahá'í Faith and other religions." [BELp105] Her formula, which has become known as the "Five Steps of Prayer", and was printed in Principles of Bahá'í Administration published by the National Spiritual Assembly of the British Isles in 1953 and was cited by the Universal House of Justice in its message of the 11 October 1978.
    • New Keys to the Book of Revelation: Published in New Delhi in 1977 and reprinted in 1989. [Collins p105] It contains a chronology of the events in the Holy Land.
    • A Pilgrimage to the Holy Land: Published in Honolulu 1980. This was also entitled Visting the Bahá'i World Centre. It consisted of notes from her pilgrimage May 17 - September 17, 1954. [Collins p105]
    • The Cause of the Rise and Fall of Civilizations: This was a chart that she produced after her pilgrimage. It is her own interpretation of history.
    • Her essay, The Dynamics of Prayer was published in SoW Vol 21 Issue 2 p47 in May 1930. A 'cleaner' PDF is available here.
  • See Bahaipedia for a detailed biography.
  • Find a grave.
  • - Biography; - In Memoriam; Des Moines, IA; Eau Claire, WI; Prayer; Prayer, Five Steps of; Ruth Moffett
    1975 Mar
    197-
    The only Bahá'í to visit the continent in the 1970s, John R. Peiniger, an Australian, was stationed in Antarctica for a brief time.
  • See Aníbal and Norma Soto, a couple who visited in the previous decade.
  • Antarctica; John R. Peiniger
    1975 -09-07
    197-
    The official opening of the National Centre at 7200 Leslie Street in Thornhill Ontario. [from an invitation to the event] Haziratul-Quds (Bahá'í centres)
    1971 21 – 23 May
    197-
    The Oceanic Conference of the South Pacific was held in Suva, Fiji, BW15:320–1; VV6.
  • For pictures see BW15:308–9.
  • - Conferences; Fiji; Oceanic Conference; Suva, Fiji
    1971 1 – 3 Jan
    197-
    The Oceanic Conference of the South China Seas was held in the Victoria Memorial Hall in Singapore. [BW15:319; VV5]
  • For pictures see BW15:302–3 and VV6.
  • - Conferences; Oceanic Conference; Singapore
    1971 3 – 5 Sep
    197-
    The Oceanic Conference of the North Pacific was held in Sapporo, Japan. [BW15:321–2; VV6]
  • For pictures see BW15:312–14 and VV5.
  • - Conferences; Japan; Oceanic Conference; Sapporo, Japan
    1971 3 – 5 Sep
    197-
    The Oceanic Conference of the North Atlantic was held in Reykjavik, Iceland attended by some 800 people from 36 countries. [BW15:322–3; VV6; BN 488 November 1971 p24]
  • For pictures see BW15:309–12.
  • During the conference three believers from Canada-Florence Springgay, an Inuit; Hugette James, a French Canadian; Mary Ann Crow, from the Blackfoot First Nations flew to Greenland during the Conference to proclaim the Cause, and returned to report the results of their efforts. [BW20p310]
  • - Conferences; Florence Springgay; Hugette James; Iceland; Mary Ann Crow; Oceanic Conference; Reykjavik, Iceland
    1970 14 – 16 Aug
    197-
    The Oceanic Conference of the Indian Ocean was held in Rose Hill, Mauritius. [BW15:317; VV5]
  • For pictures see BW15:299–301.
  • For an account of the experience of attending from the point of view of Claire Gung, the "Mother of Africa", see CG84-85.
  • - Conferences; Beau Bassin-Rose Hill, Mauritius; Mauritius; Oceanic Conference
    1971 21 – 23 May
    197-
    The Oceanic Conference of the Caribbean was held in Kingston, Jamaica. [BW15:218, 319–20; VV5–6]
  • For pictures see BW15:304–8 and VV6.
  • - Conferences; Jamaica; Kingston, ON; Oceanic Conference
    1972 May
    197-
    The northeast and southeast quadrants of the gardens at Bahjí were completed and the southern gardens were extended to 'Abdu'l-Bahá's Tea House. `Abdu'l-Bahá, Tea House of (Bajji); Akka, Israel; Bahji, Israel
    1973 Ridván
    197-
    The Nine Year Plan was successfully completed. [BW16:131]
  • For the growth of the Bahá'í Faith in this period see BW16:130.
  • Also see The Nine Year Plan, 1964-1973: Statistical Report, Ridván 1973 by the Universal House of Justice.
  • See as well the document entitled Analysis of the Nine Year International Teaching Plan of the Bahá'í Faith published by the Universal House of Justice in April, 1964.
  • "Tribute must be paid to the host of Bahá'í youth from many countries whose travels in Africa hastened and ensured the success of the Nine Year Plan in that continent, and in particular to the international "rescue squad" of youth from Persia, India, the Philippines, Malaysia and other countries who in the closing hours of the Plan sealed its triumphant conclusion in Africa." [BW15p184]
  • "The friends in several countries of Africa are also indebted to the outstanding services of Dr. 'Aziz Navidi, an international lawyer and Baha'i International Community Representative for Africa, who assisted the Bahá'í communities in these countries in obtaining official recognition and performed other valuable services." [BW15p185-186]
  • * Teaching Plans; - Bahá'í World Centre; Aziz Navidi; Nine Year Plan (1964-1973); Travel teaching; Youth
    1975 Oct
    197-
    The New Era Rural Development Project, the first project of its kind in the world, began in the villages around Panchgani, India. [BW17:227–8] Firsts, other; India; Maharashtra, India; New Era Development Institute, India; Panchgani, India; Social and economic development first rural development project in world
    1974 (In the year)
    197-
    The National Television Network of Ghana broadcasted an interview with Dr William Maxwell, the first mention of the Bahá'í Faith on television in the country. [BW16:168] Ghana; William Maxwell first mention Faith on television Ghana
    1970 Ridván
    197-
    The National Spiritual Assembly of Zaire was formed with its seat in Kinshasa. (Formerly Belgian Congo until 1960; then Republic of Congo (Kinshasa) until the name changed to Zaire in 1971. (Kinshasa was formerly called Leopoldville.) [BW15:205]

    At this time there was a large concentration of believers in South Kivu, there were Bahá'ís in Western Kasai, in Kinshasa and in Lubumbashi. The election took place in the home of Belgian pioneers Jean-Pierre and Anne-Marie Laperches. Hand of the Cause Mr Faizi was in attendance to represent the Universal House of Justice. [A Remarkable Response Film 26:55

  • For picture see BW15:147.
  • It has been reported that President Mobutu's personal physician was a Baháí, a Dr Jazab, and it was he who had Mobutu sign a document giving the Bahá'ís permission to practice their faith in the country. [Servants of the Glory page 60]
  • Congo, Democratic Republic of; National Spiritual Assembly, formation first NSA Zaire
    1970 Ridván
    197-
    The National Spiritual Assembly of West Central Africa with its seat in Lagos was dissolved and three new National Assemblies were established. [BW15p189 Note 1]
  • The National Spiritual Assembly of Dahomey, Togo and Niger was formed with its seat in Cotonou, Dahomey (now Togo). [BW15p189]
  • For picture see BW15:144.
  • Cotonou, Benin; National Spiritual Assembly, formation; Togo first NSA Dahomey, Togo and Niger
    1970 Ridván
    197-
    The National Spiritual Assembly of West Central Africa with its seat in Lagos was dissolved and three new National Assemblies were established. [BW15p192]
  • The National Spiritual Assembly of Nigeria was formed with its seat in Lagos. [BW15:192]
  • National Spiritual Assembly, formation; Nigeria first NSA Nigeria
    1970 Ridván
    197-
    The National Spiritual Assembly of West Central Africa with its seat in Lagos was dissolved and three new National Assemblies were established. [BW15p189 Note 1]
  • The National Spiritual Assembly of Ghana was formed with its seat in Accra. [BW15p192]
  • For picture see BW15:144.
  • Accra, Ghana; Ghana; National Spiritual Assembly, formation first NSA Ghana
    1975 Ridván
    197-
    The National Spiritual Assembly of Upper West Africa was formed with its seat in Dakar, Senegal. The name was later changed to the National Spiritual Assembly of Senegal. [BW16:141]
  • Jurisdiction: Senegal, Mauritania, Guinea-Bissau and the Cape Verde Islands.
  • Dakar, Senegal; National Spiritual Assembly, formation; Senegal first NSA Upper West Africa
    1970 Ridván
    197-
    The National Spiritual Assembly of Upper West Africa was formed with its seat in Banjul, The Gambia. Jurisdiction for this Assembly extended over Senegal and Mauritania. [BW15p193]
  • For picture see BW15:147.
  • Banjul (Bathurst), The Gambia; Gambia, The; National Spiritual Assembly, formation first NSA Upper West Africa
    1977 Ridván
    197-
    The National Spiritual Assembly of Upper Volta (Burkina Faso) was formed with its seat in Ouagadougou. [BW17pxviii, 141, 341]
  • The former regional assembly of Ivory Coast, Mali and Upper Volta was reformed as the National Assembly of Ivory Coast and Mali at this time.
  • National Spiritual Assembly, formation; Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso; Upper Volta, Burkina Faso first NSA Upper Volta
    1972 Ridván
    197-
    The National Spiritual Assembly of Tunisia was formed. [no substantiation can be found) iiiii National Spiritual Assembly, formation; Tunisia first NSA Tunisia
    1971 Ridván
    197-
    The National Spiritual Assembly of Trinidad and Tobago was formed with its seat in Port-of-Spain. [BW15:219, 242] National Spiritual Assembly, formation; Trinidad and Tobago first NSA Trinidad and Tobago
    1970 Ridván
    197-
    The National Spiritual Assembly of Tonga and the Cook Islands was formed with its seat in Nuku'alofa. [BW15:275]
  • For picture see BW15:146.
  • Cook Islands; National Spiritual Assembly, formation; Nukualofa, Tonga; Pacific first NSA Tonga and the Cook Islands
    1975 Ridván
    197-
    The National Spiritual Assembly of Togo was formed with its seat in Lomé. [BW16:141]
  • Prior to this, the Bahá'í community in Togo was administrated by the National Spiritual Assembly of Dahomey, Togo and Niger from 1970 to 1975.
  • Lomé, Togo; National Spiritual Assembly, formation; Togo first NSA Togo
    1972 Ridván
    197-
    The National Spiritual Assembly of the Windward Islands was formed with its seat in St Lawrence, Barbados. It was responsible for administrating the Faith in St. Lucia, St. Vincent, the Grenadines, Grenada, and Barbados. [BW15:220; BN No 496 July 1972 p17]
  • For picture see BW15:157.
  • Note: In 1975 the name was changed to the National Spiritual Assembly of Barbados and the Windward Islands in order to assists with the process of incorporation. [Bahá'í Encyclopedia]
  • Barbados; National Spiritual Assembly, formation; St. Lawrence, Barbados first NSA Barbados and the Windward Islands
    1971 Ridván
    197-
    The National Spiritual Assembly of the South West Pacific Ocean was formed with it seat in New Caledonia. Because of the departure of the Solomon Islands from this union, the new National Spiritual Assembly of South West Pacific Ocean comprised of the New Hebrides, New Caledonia and the Loyalty Islands. [Bahaipedia; BW15p269] National Spiritual Assembly, formation; New Caledonia
    1971 Ridván
    197-
    The National Spiritual Assembly of the Solomon Islands was formed with its seat in Honiara. Previously it had been administered by the National Spiritual Assembly of the South West Pacific Ocean. [BW15:269] National Spiritual Assembly, formation; Oceania; Solomon Islands first NSA Solomon Islands
    1972 Ridván
    197-
    The National Spiritual Assembly of the Republic of the Congo was formed with its seat in Brazzaville. [BW15p206] Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo; Congo, Democratic Republic of; National Spiritual Assembly, formation
    1972 Ridván
    197-
    The National Spiritual Assembly of the Republic of Ireland was formed with its seat in Dublin. [BW15:283]
  • For picture see BW15:153.
  • The National Spiritual Assembly of the British Isles was renamed the National Spiritual Assembly of the United Kingdom. [BW15:290]
  • British Isles; Dublin, Ireland; Ireland; National Spiritual Assembly, formation; United Kingdom first NSA Republic of Ireland
    1977 Ridván
    197-
    The National Spiritual Assembly of the New Hebrides was formed with its seat in Port Vila. Since 1964 it had been administered by the National Spiritual Assembly of the South West Pacific Ocean. With the name change it became the National Spiritual Assembly of Vanuatu on 30 July 1980. [BW17:xxviii,186, 341]
  • With the independence of New Hebrides the National Spiritual Assembly of the South West Pacific Ocean was renamed the National Spiritual Assembly, Bahá'ís of New Caledonia and Loyalty Islands.
  • National Spiritual Assembly, formation; Port Vila, Vanuatu; Vanuatu first NSA New Hebrides
    1970 Ridván
    197-
    The National Spiritual Assembly of the Near East was formed with its seat in Beirut, Lebanon with jurisdiction over Lebanon, Jordon and Syria. [BW15:146; BW16:264]
  • For picture see BW15:146.
  • Beirut, Lebanon; Lebanon; National Spiritual Assembly, formation first NSA Near East
    1977 Ridván
    197-
    The National Spiritual Assembly of the Marshall Islands was formed with its seat in Majuro. [BW17:174]
  • See letter sent on behalf of the Universal House of Justice dated 23 June 1995 regarding "Marshall Islands population statistics".
  • Majuro, Marshall Islands; Marshall Islands; National Spiritual Assembly, formation first NSA Marshall Islands
    1978 Ridván
    197-
    The National Spiritual Assembly of the Mariana Islands was formed. [BW17:174–176, 348; DM348, 386]
  • For picture see DM387.
  • Mariana Islands; National Spiritual Assembly, formation first National Spiritual Assembly of the Marshall Islands
    1972 Ridván
    197-
    The National Spiritual Assembly of the Malagasy Republic (Madagascar) was formed with its seat in Tananarive. [BW15:199, BWNS288]
  • For pictures see BW15:153, 198.
  • The "Mother Assembly", the National Spiritual Assembly of the Indian Ocean, was left with the Chagos Archipelago, Comoros with the formation of the National Spiritual Assemblies of Réunion, Madagascar and Mauritius. [BN no608 November 1981 p11]
  • Bahá'í World News Service (BWNS); Madagascar; National Spiritual Assembly, formation; Tananarive, Madagascar first NSA Malagasy Republic
    1974 (In the year)
    197-
    The National Spiritual Assembly of the Leeward and Virgin Islands held its first annual National Teaching Conference. [BW16:187] - First conferences; Conferences, Bahá'í; Conferences, Teaching; Leeward Islands; Teaching; Virgin Islands, US first annual National Teaching Conference Leeward and Virgin Islands
    1975 Ridván
    197-
    The National Spiritual Assembly of The Gambia was formed with its seat in Banjul. [BW16:165] Banjul (Bathurst), The Gambia; Gambia, The; National Spiritual Assembly, formation first NSA The Gambia
    1971 Ridván
    197-
    The National Spiritual Assembly of the Central African Republic was formed with its seat in Bangui. [BW15:207]
  • For picture see BW15:148 and bahai.org.
  • Central African Republic; National Spiritual Assembly, formation first NSA Central African Republic
    1978 Ridván
    197-
    The National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahamas was formed with its seat in Nassau. [BW17:162, 348] Bahamas; Nassau, Bahamas; National Spiritual Assembly, formation first The National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahamas is formed
    1972 Ridván
    197-
    The National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of Brunei (1966) was reconstituted as the National Spiritual Assembly of Eastern Malaysia and Brunei with its seat in Kuching, Sarawak and took on the added responsibility for Brunei, Sabah and Sarawak. [BW15:253; BN no 496 July 1972 p16]
  • For picture see BW15:254.
  • In 1974 it was dissolved with Brunei, Sabah, and Sarawak coming under the jurisdiction of the National Spiritual Assembly of Malaysia. [BW12p223]
  • Kuching, Malaysia; National Spiritual Assembly, formation; Sarawak, Malaysia first NSA Eastern Malaysia and Brunei
    1977 (In the year)
    197-
    The National Spiritual Assembly of Thailand re-formed. National Spiritual Assembly, formation; Thailand
    1978 Ridván
    197-
    The National Spiritual Assembly of Swaziland was formed. [BN No 598 January 1981 p14; BN no 608 November 1981 p10]
  • A member of that Assembly was John W Allen, Knight of Bahá'u'lláh for Swaziland. Mr Allen had served on National Assemblies since 1956 (Regional Spiritual Assembly of South and West Africa, then in 1967 the National Spiritual Assembly of Swaziland, Lesotho and Mozambique which, in 1978, became the National Spiritual Assembly of Swaziland. Mr Allen passed away on the 31st of August, 1981 while visiting the US. Mr Allen also served as an Auxiliary Board Member for Protection. He was among the first group appointed by the Guardian.
  • Note: In 1977 Angola and Mozambique were placed under the direct guidance of the Universal House of Justice. [BN no608 November 1981 p11]
  • - Biography; Auxiliary board members; National Spiritual Assembly, formation; Swaziland
    1976 Ridván
    197-
    The National Spiritual Assembly of Swaziland and Mozambique was given the added responsibility of administering the Faith in Angola and therefore became the National Spiritual Assembly of Swaziland, Mozambique, and Angola. [BN no 608 November 1981 p10] Angola; Mozambique; National Spiritual Assembly, formation; Swaziland
    1977 Ridván
    197-
    The National Spiritual Assembly of Suriname and French Guiana was formed with its seat in Paramaribo. [BW16:219, 341]. French Guiana; National Spiritual Assembly, formation; Suriname first NSA Surinam and French Guiana
    1971 Ridván
    197-
    The National Spiritual Assembly of Sudan was formed. Prior to this time it had been with Egypt. National Spiritual Assembly of Egypt formed. [BW15p187]
  • For picture see BW15:150.
  • National Spiritual Assembly, formation; Sudan first NSA Sudan
    1970 Ridván
    197-
    The National Spiritual Assembly of Southern Rhodesia was formed with its seat in Salisbury. [BW15:200]
  • The name of the country was changed to Zimbabwe on the 18 April 1980. The name of the capital was change to Harare in the second anniversary of the country's independence from the UK.
  • Harare, Zimbabwe; National Spiritual Assembly, formation; Rhodesia first NSA Rhodesia
    1974 Ridván
    197-
    The National Spiritual Assembly of South East Arabia (Arabian Peninsula) was formed. [Naw Rúz Message 1974; BW16p88] Arabian Peninsula; National Spiritual Assembly, formation; South East Arabia
    1972 Ridván
    197-
    The National Spiritual Assembly of Singapore was formed with its seat in Singapore. [BW15:257]
  • For picture see BW15:157.
  • National Spiritual Assembly, formation; Singapore first NSA Singapore
    1975 Ridván
    197-
    The National Spiritual Assembly of Sierra Leone was formed with its seat in Freetown. [BW16:141] Freetown, Sierra Leone; National Spiritual Assembly, formation; Sierra Leone first NSA Sierra Leone
    1972 Ridván
    197-
    The National Spiritual Assembly of Seychelles was formed with its seat in Victoria. [BW16:156]
  • For picture see BW15:157.
  • The "Mother Assembly", the National Spiritual Assembly of the Indian Ocean, was left with Mauritius, the Chagos Archipelago, Madagascar, the Malagasy Republic, Comoros and Réunion. [BN no608 November 1981 p11]
  • Limbé, Camaroon; National Spiritual Assembly, formation; Seychelles first NSA Seychelles
    1970 Ridván
    197-
    The National Spiritual Assembly of Samoa was formed with its seat in Apia. [BW15:274]
  • For picture see BW15:146.
  • Apia, Samoa; National Spiritual Assembly, formation; Samoa first NSA Samoa
    1972 Ridván
    197-
    The National Spiritual Assembly of Rwanda was formed. [BW15:205]
  • For picture see BW15:157.
  • Kigali, Rwanda; National Spiritual Assembly, formation; Rwanda first NSA Rwanda
    1972 Ridván
    197-
    The National Spiritual Assembly of Réunion was formed with its seat in St Pierre. [BW15:199]
  • For picture see BW15:155.
  • The "Mother Assembly", the National Spiritual Assembly of the Indian Ocean, was left with the Chagos Archipelago, Comoros with the formation of the National Spiritual Assemblies of Réunion, Madagascar and Mauritius. [BN no608 November 1981 p11]
  • France; National Spiritual Assembly, formation; Reunion Island; St. Pierre and Miquelon first NSA Réunion
    1978 Ridván
    197-
    The National Spiritual Assembly of Qatar with its seat in Doha was formed. [Message from the Universal House of Justice dated 24 March 1977] Doha, Qatar; National Spiritual Assembly, formation; Qatar
    1972 Ridván
    197-
    The National Spiritual Assembly of Puerto Rico was formed with its seat in San Juan. [BW15:218]
  • For picture see BW15:155.
  • National Spiritual Assembly, formation; Puerto Rico; San Juan, Puerto Rico first NSA Puerto Rico
    1973 Dec
    197-
    The National Spiritual Assembly of Puerto Rico held its first Bahá'í school. [BW16:194] Puerto Rico first Bahá’í school Puerto Rico
    1978 Ridván
    197-
    The National Spiritual Assembly of Oman with its seat in Muscat was formed. [Message from the Universal House of Justice dated 24 March 1977] Muscat, Oman; National Spiritual Assembly, formation; Oman
    1975 Ridván
    197-
    The National Spiritual Assembly of Niger was formed with its seat in Niamey. [BW16:141]
  • Prior to this, the Bahá'í community in Niger was administrated by the National Spiritual Assembly of Dahomey, Togo and Niger from 1970 to 1975.
  • National Spiritual Assembly, formation; Niger first NSA Niger
    1972 Ridván
    197-
    The National Spiritual Assembly of Nepal was formed with its seat in Kathmandu. [BW15:249]
  • For pictures see BW15:155, 248.
  • With Hand of the Cause Ali-Akbar Furutan representing the Universal House of Justice, the Bahá'ís of Nepal held their first national convention to elect their National Spiritual Assembly in 1972 during the reign of King Mahendra. The convention had forty delegates. The members of the first national assembly were: Amar Pradhan, Shyam Maherjan, Jujubhai Sakya, Aranda Lal Shrestha, Dinesh Verma, Keith de Folo, W. F. Chaittonalla, P. N. Rai, D. K. Malla - from Buddhist, Hindu, Christian backgrounds. [Religion in Nepal website]
  • Kathmandu, Nepal; National Spiritual Assembly, formation; Nepal first NSA Nepal
    1972 Ridván
    197-
    The National Spiritual Assembly of Mauritius was formed. [Bahaipedia; BW15p295]
  • The "Mother Assembly", the National Spiritual Assembly of the Indian Ocean, was left with the Chagos Archipelago, Comoros with the formation of the National Spiritual Assemblies of Réunion, Madagascar and Mauritius. [BN no608 November 1981 p11]
  • Mauritius; National Spiritual Assembly, formation; Port Louis, Mauritius
    1970 Ridván
    197-
    The National Spiritual Assembly of Malawi (formerly Nyasaland, until 1964.) was formed with its seat in Limbe. [BW15:200]
  • For picture see BW15:146.
  • Limbe, Malawi; Malawi; National Spiritual Assembly, formation first NSA Malawi
    1971 Ridván
    197-
    The National Spiritual Assembly of Lesotho was formed with its seat in Maseru. It was formerly Basutoland until 1966. Part of the area under the jurisdiction of the National Spiritual Assembly of Swaziland, Lesotho and Mozambique, 1967—1971) [BW15:202]
  • For picture see BW15:148.
  • The communities of Swaziland and Mozambique continued in the union as a Regional Assembly.
  • Lesotho, South Africa; Maseru, Botswana; National Spiritual Assembly, formation first NSA Lesotho
    1975 Ridván
    197-
    The National Spiritual Assembly of Jordan was formed with its seat in Amman. From 1970 it was a part of the National Spiritual Assembly of the Near East with its seat in Lebanon and jurisdiction over Lebanon, Jordon and Syria. This left the National Spiritual Assembly of Lebanon with its seat in Beirut and jurisdiction over Syria. [BW16:264]
  • For picture see BW16:452.
  • Amman, Jordan; Jordan; Lebanon; National Spiritual Assembly, formation; Syria first NSA Jordan
    1974 Ridván
    197-
    The National Spiritual Assembly of Japan was formed with its seat in Tokyo. [BW16:233] Japan; National Spiritual Assembly, formation; Tokyo, Japan first NSA Japan
    1972 Ridván
    197-
    The National Spiritual Assembly of Iceland was formed with its seat in Reykjavik. Its members were: Liesel Becker, Svana Einarsdottir, Barbara Thinat, Carl John Spencer, Petur Magnusson, Johannes Stefansson, Roger Lutley, Baldur Bragasson and Larry Clarke. [BW15:225, 281]
  • For picture see BW15:153.
  • Iceland; National Spiritual Assembly, formation; Reykjavik, Iceland first NSA Iceland
    1974 Ridván
    197-
    The National Spiritual Assembly of Hong Kong was formed with its seat in Kowloon. [BW16:233, 251; BWIM114]
  • For picture see BW16:452.
  • Hong Kong; National Spiritual Assembly, formation first NSA Hong Kong
    1970 Ridván
    197-
    The National Spiritual Assembly of Guyana, Surinam and French Guiana was formed with its seat in Georgetown, Guyana. [BW15:238]
    • For picture see BW15:144.
    Georgetown, Guyana; Guyana; National Spiritual Assembly, formation first NSA Guyana, Surinam and French Guiana
    1977 Ridván
    197-
    The National Spiritual Assembly of Greece was formed with its seat in Athens.This had been a goal of the German community. [BW16:287; BW17:190] Athens, Greece; Greece; National Spiritual Assembly, formation first NSA Greece
    1972 Ridván
    197-
    The National Spiritual Assembly of Gabon was formed. [BW15:206] Gabon; National Spiritual Assembly, formation first NSA Gabon
    1970 Ridván
    197-
    The National Spiritual Assembly of Fiji was formed with its seat in Suva. [BW15:271]

    Photo or first National Assembly from Bahaimedia.

    Fiji; National Spiritual Assembly, formation; Suva, Fiji first NSA Fiji
    1973 Jul
    197-
    The National Spiritual Assembly of Equatorial Guinea was formed. [BW16:141]
  • Owing to local circumstances, it was disbanded within the year. [BW16:141]
  • Equatorial Guinea; National Spiritual Assembly, formation first NSA Equatorial Guinea
    1973 Ridván
    197-
    The National Spiritual Assembly of Equatorial Guinea was formed (The actual formation took place in July). Owing to local circumstances, it was disbanded within the year. [BW16:141]
  • The Assembly was re-established in 1984 with its seat in Malabo. [Bahaipedia; BW19;147]
  • Equatorial Guinea; Malabo, Equatorial Guinea; National Spiritual Assembly, formation
    1974 Ridván
    197-
    The National Spiritual Assembly of Eastern Malaysia and Brunei elected in 1972 was dissolved and re-constituted under the name the National Spiritual Assembly of Malaysia and the territories of Sabah, Sarawak and Brunei were brought under its jurisdiction.
  • The Assembly was incorporated on the 26th of September, 1974. [BW16p225]
  • Malaysia; National Spiritual Assembly, formation
    1974 13 Sep
    197-
    The National Spiritual Assembly of Denmark, with financial assistance from Canada, purchased a Hazíratu’l-Quds for the Greenland community in the centre of Godthaab. [Bahá'í News No 527 February 1975 p5-6] Canada; Denmark; Greenland; Haziratul-Quds (Bahá'í centres)
    1978 Ridván
    197-
    The National Spiritual Assembly of Cyprus was formed with its seat in Nicosia. [BW17:190, 348] Cyprus; National Spiritual Assembly, formation; Nicosia, Cyprus first NSA Cyprus, the first island in the Mediterranean to form an NSA.
    1971 Ridván
    197-
    The National Spiritual Assembly of Congo and Gabon was formed with its seat in Brazzaville, the Congo. [BW15:206]
  • For picture see BW15:148 and Congo National website. In this picture are Dr. Taï and his wife as well as M Azemikah, all long-time pioneers in the Congo.
  • Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo; Congo, Democratic Republic of; National Spiritual Assembly, formation first NSA Congo and Gabon
    1971 Ridván
    197-
    The National Spiritual Assembly of Chad was formed with its seat in Fort Lamy. (In 1973 Fort Lamy became known as N'Djaména.) [BW15:207]
  • For picture see BW15:148.
  • See Servants of the Glory page 45-46.
  • Chad; National Spiritual Assembly, formation first NSA Chad
    1970 Ridván
    197-
    The National Spiritual Assembly of Central Africa was formed with its seat in Bangui. [BW15:206]
  • Territories under its jurisdiction were: Chad, Gabon, Congo (Brazzaville) and Central African Republic. Since 1964 they had been part of the National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of Uganda and Central Africa along with Burundi and Rwanda who had formed a regional assembly in 1969.
  • Bangui, Central African Republic; National Spiritual Assembly, formation first NSA Central Africa
    1978 Ridván
    197-
    The National Spiritual Assembly of Burundi was re-formed. [BW16:137; BW17:141, 142, 347] Burundi; National Spiritual Assembly, formation
    1970 Ridván
    197-
    The National Spiritual Assembly of Botswana (Formerly Bechuanaland, until 1966.) was formed with its seat in Gaborone. [BW15:199]
  • For picture see BW15:144.
  • Botswana; Gaborone, Botswana; National Spiritual Assembly, formation first NSA Botswana
    1975 Ridván
    197-
    The National Spiritual Assembly of Benin was formed. Prior to this the Bahá'í community in Benin was administrated by the National Spiritual Assembly of Dahomey, Togo and Niger from 1970 to 1975.
  • It was called the National Spiritual Assembly of Dahomey until 1976 when it was renamed the National Spiritual Assembly of Benin. [BW16:161]
  • Benin; National Spiritual Assembly, formation
    1972 Ridván
    197-
    The National Spiritual Assembly of Bangladesh was formed with its seat in Dacca. [BW15:243]
  • For picture see BW15:153.
  • Bangladesh; Dhaka, Bangladesh; National Spiritual Assembly, formation first NSA Bangladesh
    1972 Ridván
    197-
    The National Spiritual Assembly of Afghanistan was formed with its seat in Kabul. [BW15:243]
  • For picture see BW15:151.
  • Afghanistan; Kabul, Afghanistan; National Spiritual Assembly, formation first NSA Afghanistan
    1979 (In the year)
    197-
    The National Spiritual Assembly of Afghanistan was disbanded owing to persecution of the Bahá'ís and the political instability of the country. - Persecution; - Persecution, Other; Afghanistan; National Spiritual Assembly, formation; Persecution, Afghanistan
    1979 15 Feb
    197-
    The National Hazíratu'l-Quds of Iran was seized by the Revolutionary Guards. [BW18:250]
  • All the records of the National Spiritual Assembly, including a membership list of all the Bahá'ís in Iran, were confiscated by the government. [BW19:43]
  • * Persecution, Iran; - Persecution; - Persecution, Other; Haziratul-Quds (Bahá'í centres); Iran; National Spiritual Assemblies
    1978 7 Nov
    197-
    The murder of Major-General Ali Mohammad Khademi (b. 16 December, 1913 in Jahrom, Fars.) After a brilliant career in the military he became head of Iran's national airline. In 16 years he transformed it into a world-class airline with international connections.
    General Khademi was killed in his home. Despite witness accounts by his wife and the soldiers assigned to his home, the government controlled media called his murder a "suicide", although several international media outlets, such as the New York Times, reported on his murder. Among Iranian Bahá'ís, General Khademi held the highest ranking leadership post in a public institution. His religious affiliation, which was not a secret, was the cause of fierce opposition by a number of Muslim clergy.
    An investigation into his murder named three members of "the joint anti-terror committee", one of whom was identified at the Military Command by Bahiyyih Moayyed as the shooter of her husband. Despite these individuals' identification and arrest by the Military Command, none was tried or punished. Later on, The National Security and Intelligence Agency (SAVAK) detained Bahiyyih Moayyed for about one month to force her to declare that her husband had committed suicide. She refused. [Wikipedia; Iran Press Watch 19724; Iran News]
    - Biography; - In Memoriam; - Persecution; `Alí Mohammad Khademi; Bahiyyih Moayyed; Iran; Tehran, Iran
    1971 24 Dec
    197-
    The murder of American pioneer Martha (Marty) Ross Dean on a train from Wankie destined for Bulawayo, Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe). She was killed by an intruder who had entered her sleeping compartment and strangled her. She had been in Rhodesia since late 1970 and was enrolled in the Bulawayo School of Nursing at the time of her death. [BW15p508]
  • The case has been covered in Crime Scientist by Dr John Thompson and Some Famous Rhodesian Trials by Alan Hardy.
  • Bulawayo, Zimbabwe; Martha Ross Dean
    1976 10 Jan
    197-
    The most northerly-located local spiritual assembly in the world was formed in the Iñupiat community of Barrow, Alaska. Alaska, USA; Barrow, AK; Local Spiritual Assemblies; Superlatives and ranking subjects; United States (USA)
    1971 11 Feb
    197-
    The Montreal Municipality issued a permit recognizing the Maxwell home as a Bahá'í Shrine after nine years of negotiations and delays. With this struggle came a hidden blessing. For years the Shrine had been used as a Bahá'í Centre by the Montreal community, open also to friends of the area as a place to hold public meetings, open Feasts, and certain activities not always suited to it as a Shrine. The realization was made that it was a National Bahá'í Shrine and as such should not be used as a centre. [CBNApril1971p10]

    Bahai.ca: Bahá'í Shrine in Montréal

    Canada; Montreal, QC; Montreal Shrine; Quebec, Canada; Recognition (legal)
    1973 13 Mar
    197-
    The mansion at Mazra'ih was purchased. [BW15:169; BW16:136; BW19-779-782, DH94; VV14]
  • From the Ridván message of the Universal House of Justice ...

    "The Mansion of Mazra`ih, often referred to by the beloved Guardian as one of the "twin mansions" in which the Blessed Beauty resided after nine years within the walled prison-city of `Akká, and dear to the hearts of the believers by reason of its associations with their Lord, has at last been purchased together with 24,000 square metres of land extending into the plain on its eastward side." [MUHJ68-73p112]

  • - Bahá'í World Centre; - Bahá'í World Centre buildings, monuments and gardens; Akka, Israel; House of Bahá'u'lláh (Mazra'ih); Mazraih, Israel; Purchases and exchanges
    1972 (In the year)
    197-
    The Louis G. Gregory Institute was founded in 1972. It was named after a native to South Carolina and the first to bring the Bahá'í Faith to the state. It is a training center owned by the Bahá'ís of the United States and managed by the Regional Baha'i Council for the Southeastern States. [Louis G. Gregory Bahá'í Institute] Hemingway, SC; Louis G. Gregory; United States (USA)
    1975 Nov
    197-
    The land for the Samoan House of Worship was purchased on a site overlooking Apia. [BW18:104] - Mashriqu'l-Adhkár (House of Worship); Apia, Samoa; Mashriqu'l-Adhkár, Apia, Samoa; Purchases and exchanges; Samoa
    1974 20 May
    197-
    The Iraqi military court tried nearly 50 Bahá'ís and handed down in absentia sentences of life imprisonment on ten Bahá'ís, two of whom were deceased and a number of whom were of other nationalities or Iraqis not resident in Iraq.
  • In the weeks following, 24 Bahá'ís had their property confiscated, one Bahá'í was sentenced to ten years' imprisonment and another to 20 years. [BW16:138]
  • - Persecution; - Persecution, Court cases; Iraq; Persecution, Iraq
    1972 1 May
    197-
    The international teaching conference in Panama held in conjunction with the dedication of the House of Worship opened. [BW15:635]
  • For the message of the Universal House of Justice see BW15:635–7.
  • - Conferences, International; Conferences, Bahá'í; Conferences, Teaching; Mashriqu'l-Adhkár, Panama; Panama
    1973 5 Jun
    197-
    The International Teaching Centre was established at the Bahá'í World Centre for the purpose of continuing the work of the Hands of the Cause of God into the future. [BBD118–19; BBRSM132–3; BW16:134, 411–14; BW17:322–5; VV16, CEBF200; Wikipedia]
  • For cable of the Universal House of Justice see BW16:413.
  • Hands of the Cause Amatu'l-Bahá Rúhíyyih Khánum, 'Alí-Akbar Furútan, Paul Haney and Abu'l-Qásim Faizí and Counsellor members Hooper Dunbar, Florence Mayberry and Aziz Yazdí were appointed. [BW16:413]
  • For pictures see BW16:412 and VV16.
  • The duties and the organization of the International Teaching Centre were deliniated in the Message from the Universal House of Justice of June 8th, 1973.
  • See Wikipedia article for the names of the Counsellor members since its inception.
  • - Bahá'í World Centre; - Basic timeline, Expanded; - Hands of the Cause; Abu'l-Qásim Faizí; `Alí-Akbar Furútan; Amatu’l-Bahá Rúḥíyyih Khánum; Appointed arm; Aziz Yazdi; Counsellors; Florence Mayberry; Haifa, Israel; Hands of the Cause, Activities; Hooper Dunbar; International Teaching Centre; International Teaching Centre, Members of; Paul Haney; Universal House of Justice, Basic timeline
    1973 14 Jun
    197-
    The International Teaching Centre met for the first time. [VV16] Haifa, Israel; International Teaching Centre first meeting ITC
    1971 Apr
    197-
    The International Bahá'í Youth Conference took place at Oteppe-Namur, Belgium, launching a two-year youth campaign for Europe. [BW15:333–4]
  • For picture see BW15:334.
  • - Europe; Belgium; Conferences, Bahá'í; Conferences, Youth; Oteppe, Belgium; Youth
    1971 16 Oct
    197-
    The inauguration of Shahyad Tower ("King's Memorial Tower") in Tehran. The tower was built in honour of the shah on the occasion of the commemoration of the 2,500th anniversary of the Persian Empire and has become an iconic symbol of the city of Tehran. It has been described as being a tower, an arch, a gate and an obelisk in one and is 50 meters (164 ft) tall and completely clad in some eight thousand blocks of cut marble from Isfahan Province. The main financing was provided by a group of five hundred Iranian industrialists.
  • After the Revolution in 1979 it was renamed The Azadi Tower (Liberty Tower) and was, in turn, the gathering place of the "rebels" in 1979 and for those protesting the results of the election in 2009.
  • The architect, Hossein Amanat was only 24 years old and a recent graduate when he won the competition for the project. In addition to having a remarkable career in designing buildings for commercial, educational and residential use, he is the architect for such Bahá'í projects as the Universal House of Justice Building, the Centre for the Study of the Holy Texts, the International Teaching Centre and the Mashriqu'l-Adhka in Samoa. He left Iran in 1978 and took up residence in Vancouver in 1980. [Hossein Amanat website; Farah Pahlavi website; Wikipedia]
  • - Architects; Architecture; Hossein Amanat; Iran; Tehran, Iran
    1970 Jan
    197-
    The inaugural publication of The American Bahá'í. The intention was that this new publication would contain news items, editorials, letters to the editors, feature articles, and various departments to inform, edify and entertain the friends at large. The Bahá'í National Review would continue publication but it would no longer publish news items but would become a gazette for the announcement of official policies and information that the National Spiritual Assembly wished to share with the friends. The Bahá'í National Review continued publication until November of 1970. [Bahá'í National Review Issue 24 December 1969 p15] - Newsletters; - Periodicals; American Bahá'í (newsletter); Bahá'í National Review; Wilmette, IL
    1975 c. Oct
    197-
    The Icelandic Bahá'í community proclaimed the Faith to the leaders of Iceland, presenting them with literature, including The Bahá'í World,Vol. XIV.

    Presentations were made to the president of the Republic of Iceland, the Bishop of Iceland and the Rev. Arelius Nielsson, who was described as " the best beloved priest in this country and surely the most renown. [BN No 537 December 1975 p15]

    Iceland; Proclamation
    1978 23 May
    197-
    The House of Worship in Wilmette was included in the register of historic places in the United States. [BW17:166, 375]
  • For picture see BW17:165.
  • - Mashriqu'l-Adhkár (House of Worship); Architecture; Mashriqu'l-Adhkár, Wilmette; Recognition (legal); United States (USA); Wilmette, IL
    1972 29 Apr
    197-
    The House of Worship in Panama, the Mother Temple of Latin America, was dedicated in a series of ceremonies held throughout the day attended by Hands of the Cause Amatu'l-Bahá Rúhíyyih Khánum, Ugo Giachery and Dhikru'lláh Khádem and four thousand Bahá'ís. [BW15:634; VV14]
  • For the history of the House of Worship see BW15:643–6.
  • For statistics on the House of Worship see BW15:647–9.

    Specifics

      Location:Panama City, Panama (On the Cerro Sonsonate (Singing Hill), a few miles north of Panama City)
      Foundation Stone: 8 October 1967 (Amatu'l-Bahá Rúhíyyih Khánum)
      Construction Period: 1969-1972
      Site Dedication: 29 April, 1972 (Amatu'l-Bahá Rúhíyyih Khánum)
      Architect: Peter Tillotson
      Seating: 550
      Dimensions:
      Cost:
      Dependencies:
      References: BW14p493, BW15p632-649
  • - Architects; - Basic timeline, Expanded; - Mashriqu'l-Adhkár, Mother Temples; - Mashriqu'l-Adhkár, Quick facts; - Mashriqu'l-Adhkár (House of Worship); Amatu’l-Bahá Rúḥíyyih Khánum; Dedications; Mashriqu'l-Adhkár, Continental; Mashriqu'l-Adhkár, Panama; Panama; Panama City, Panama; Peter Tillotson; Ugo Giachery; Zikrullah Khadem
    1972 30 Apr
    197-
    The House of Worship in Panama was publicly dedicated by Amatu'l-Bahá Rúhíyyih Khánum in two sessions. [BW15:634] - Mashriqu'l-Adhkár (House of Worship); Amatu’l-Bahá Rúḥíyyih Khánum; Dedications; Mashriqu'l-Adhkár, Panama; Panama
    1979 8 – 10 Sep
    197-
    The House of the Báb in Shíráz was attacked and substantially demolished by a crowd accompanied by 25 Revolutionary Guards apparently under the clergyman in charge of the local religious endowments department. [BBD108; BI11; BW18:253]
  • See BW18p253p253 for an idea of the size of the house.
  • A photo of the destruction.
  • * Persecution, Iran; - Persecution; - Persecution, Destruction; Báb, House of (Shiraz); Iran; Shíráz, Iran
    1970 (In the Year)
    197-
    The House of Bahá'u'lláh in Tihrán underwent major repair and a fundamental restoration of both exterior and interior parts. - Restoration and renovation; House of Bahá'u'lláh (Tihran); Iran; Tehran, Iran
    1979 (In the year)
    197-
    The House of Bahá'u'lláh in Tihrán was confiscated by the revolutionary government of Iran. [BW17:79] * Persecution, Iran; - Persecution; - Persecution, Other; House of Bahá'u'lláh (Tihran); Iran; Tehran, Iran
    1973 (In the year)
    197-
    The House of Bahá'u'lláh in Tihrán and its adjacent bírúní (reception area) were completely restored to their original structure, design and elegance. - Restoration and renovation; House of Bahá'u'lláh (Tihran); Iran; Tehran, Iran
    1979 (Spring)
    197-
    The House of Bahá'u'lláh in Tákur, Iran, was confiscated by the Revolutionary Government. [BW18:289] * Persecution, Iran; - Persecution; - Persecution, Other; House of Bahá'u'lláh (Takur); Iran; Takur, Iran
    1977 14 May
    197-
    The house of a Bahá'í in Fádilábád, Iran, was attacked; the Bahá'í was killed and his sister severely injured. [BW18:391]
  • BW17:79 says this was June.
  • * Persecution, Iran; - Persecution; - Persecution, Deaths; Fadilabad, Iran; Iran
    1975 14 Jan
    197-
    The house of 'Abdu'lláh Páshá was purchased after lengthy and delicate negotiations. [BBD108; BW16:103, 133; BW17:82; DH73; VV39]
  • For a history of the house see BW16:103–6.
  • - Bahá'í World Centre; - Bahá'í World Centre; - Bahá'í World Centre buildings, monuments and gardens; Akka, Israel; Haifa, Israel; House of `Abdu'lláh Páshá (Akká); Purchases and exchanges
    1977 May
    197-
    The Himalayan Conference was held in Gangtok, Sikkim. [BW17:180–2] Conferences, Bahá'í; Gangtok, Sikkim; India; Sikkim, India
    1977 15 Dec
    197-
    The Hemispheric Bahá'í Radio and Television Conference was held in Panama, with 125 participants from 24 countries. [BW17:219; Mess63-86] Bahá'í Radio; Conferences, Bahá'í; Conferences, Other; Media (communication); Panama; Television
    1978 Feb
    197-
    The government of the Congo banned the majority of smaller religious groups, including the Bahá'í Faith. [BW17:141]
  • The national Hazíratu'l-Quds was confiscated and the assemblies dissolved.
  • - Persecution; - Persecution, Bans; Congo, Democratic Republic of; Haziratul-Quds (Bahá'í centres); Persecution, Congo
    1970 8 Dec
    197-
    The government of Taiwan granted Certificate of Registration to register the Bahá'í Faith as a religion. Recognition (legal); Taiwan
    1972 19 Jun
    197-
    The government of Indonesia re-affirmed the ban on the Bahá'í Faith.
  • Following this a number of Bahá'ís lost their jobs.
  • - Persecution; - Persecution, Bans; Indonesia; Persecution, Indonesia
    1977 21 Sep
    197-
    The government of Idi Amin in Uganda banned all religion groups but for four. President Amin, who was a Moslem convert, granted the freedom of worship only to Islam and the Anglican, Roman Catholic and Orthodox Christian churches. The vast majority of Christians belonged to the Anglican and Catholic churches. Some of those organizations banned had been included in previous bans imposed by President Amin in 1973 and 1975. [CG113]
  • The ban remained in place until the overthrow of the Amin government by the ousted former President Obote on the 11th of April, 1979. The Bahá'ís of Kampala formed an administrative committee until elections could be held. [CG124]
  • Persecution, Uganda; Uganda
    1976 (In the year)
    197-
    The government of Equatorial Guinea outlawed all religions and the national spiritual assembly was dissolved.
  • It was re-formed in 1984.
  • - Persecution; - Persecution, Bans; Equatorial Guinea; National Spiritual Assembly, formation; Persecution, Equatorial Guinea
    1979 (In the year)
    197-
    The government of Denmark recognized the right of the Bahá'í Community of Denmark to perform marriages and to receive other rights owning to a religious community. [SRRB14p248-250] Denmark; Marriage
    1979 21 Mar
    197-
    The General Assembly of the United Nations adopted a programme of activities to be undertaken during the second half of the Decade for Action to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination. On that occasion, the General Assembly decided that a week of solidarity with the peoples struggling against racism and racial discrimination, beginning on 21 March, would be organized annually in all States.

    The International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination is observed annually on the day the police in Sharpeville, South Africa, opened fire and killed 69 people at a peaceful demonstration against apartheid "pass laws" in 1960. [Wikipedia; United Nations website.

  • Sharpville Massacre on 21 March 1960. This is a day which is commemorated each year in South Africa.
  • International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination; Racism; Sharpeville, South Africa; South Africa; United Nations
    1973 Ridván
    197-
    The formation of the National Spiritual Assembly of the Leeward and Virgin Island. [BW15p702] Charlotte Amalie, St. Thomas; National Spiritual Assembly, formation; St. Thomas Island
    1971 Dec - 1972 Jan
    197-
    The first youth summer school for southern Africa was held at the Leroy Ioas Teacher Training Institute in Mbabane and is attended by 67 people from eight countries. First summer and winter schools; Mbabane, Eswatini; Swaziland first youth summer school for southern Africa
    1973 Nov
    197-
    The first youth conference of Papua New Guinea took place in Sogeri with 40 youth and visitors. [BW16:276] - First conferences; Conferences, Bahá'í; Conferences, Youth; Papua New Guinea; Sogeri, Papua New Guinea; Youth first youth conference of Papua New Guinea
    1978 14 - 25 Aug
    197-
    The first World Conference Against Racism was held in Geneva, Switzerland. A major focus on the conference was South Africa's apartheid policies of racial segregation and discrimination.
  • UN website
  • Bahá'í International Community; Discrimination; Geneva, Switzerland; Racism; UNESCO; United Nations
    1972
    197-
    The first Winter School of Luxembourg was held in Pétange. [BW15:284] First summer and winter schools; Luxembourg; Pétange, Luxembourg first Winter School of Luxembourg
    1972 Dec
    197-
    The first winter school in Bangladesh took place. [BW15:245] Bangladesh; First summer and winter schools first winter school in Bangladesh
    1972 29 - 31 Dec
    197-
    The first West African Bahá'í Youth conference was held in The Gambia.

    The Continental Board of Counsellors sponsored the first West African Bahá'í Youth Conference in conjunction with the National Spiritual Assembly of Upper West Africa. The Conference was held in The Gambia on the campus of Yundum College some fifteen miles from the capital city of Bathurst. Youth representing nine countries in this zone attended: Nigeria, Upper Volta, Ghana, Liberia, Mali, Sierra Leone, The Gambia, Senegal and Mauritania, plus pioneers originating from the United States, Mauritius, Malaysia, Iran, and friiq. A young Bahá'í from Sweden was able to greet the friends during a brief stop on a boat cruise. Counsellors Mr. H. R. Ardikani and Dr. William Maxwell Jr., were present as well as six of their Auxiliary Board members, Mr. Amos Agwu, Mr. Muhammad Al-Salihi, Mrs. H. Vera Edwards, Mr. Friday Ekpe, Mr. Shidan Kouchekzadeh and Dr. B. Sadiqzadeh. A total of fifty-six persons attended. [Bahá'í News 504]

    - Africa; - First conferences; Banjul (Bathurst), The Gambia; Conferences, Bahá'í; Conferences, Youth; Gambia, The; Youth first West African Bahá’í Youth conference
    1971 (In the year)
    197-
    The first three people to become Bahá'ís in Guinea enrolled. [BINS45] - First Bahá'ís by country or area; Guinea first three Bahá’ís in Guinea
    1975 2 May
    197-
    The first teaching institute of the Bahamas took place in Nassau. [BW16:207] - Islands; Bahamas; Firsts, other; Nassau, Bahamas; Teaching institutes first teaching institute of Bahamas
    1974 11 – 18 Aug
    197-
    The first Teaching Conference of the Arctic and sub-Arctic regions of Europe took place in Tórshavn, Faroe Islands. [BW16:110]

    The conference was seen as an historic one in that it was the first to which participants had come to order to discuss the whole area of the European Arctic and sub-Arctic stretching from Finland in the west in Greenland in the east, from Svalbard in the extreme north to the Scottish islands in the south.

    Iceland is the only country in Europe that has planned and systematically carried out, year by year, a program of proclamation (now in its fourth year) that has taken the Faith throughout the entire country, north, south, east and west. (Betty Reed, Continental Board of Counsellors for Europe) [BN No 525 8 December 1974 p10-11]

    - Circumpolar regions; - First conferences; Arctic; Conferences, Bahá'í; Conferences, Teaching; Faroe Islands, Denmark; Finland; Greenland; Scottish Islands; Svalbard, Norway; Tórshavn, Faroe Islands first Teaching Conference of Arctic and sub-Arctic regions of Europe
    1972
    197-
    The first Summer School of Jamaica was held. [BW15:218] First summer and winter schools; Jamaica first Summer School of Jamaica
    1971 (In the year)
    197-
    The first summer school in Singapore was held. First summer and winter schools; Singapore first summer school in Singapore
    1977 14 Sep
    197-
    The first Spiritual Assembly of the Galapagos was established on the island of Santa Cruz. The members of this first local Spiritual Assembly of Puerto Oyora, Santa Cruz, Galapagos were: Sr. Catlos Patino, Sr. Golo Paredes, Sta. Nilda Pena, Srta. Ester Margarlta Panedei, Sr. Gonzalo Salinas, Sra. Luzmila Villacis de Salinas, Sra. Vilma de Arguello, Sra. Soila Robaliino, and Sr. Victor Hugo Arguello. . [Heroes of God: History of the Bahá'í Faith in Ecuador, 1940-1979 p82] Ecuador; Galápagos Islands, Ecuador; Local Spiritual Assembly, formation; Puerto Ayora, Galápagos; Santa Cruz, Galápagos the first Spiritual Assembly of the Galapagos
    1971 (In the year)
    197-
    The first Pingelapese to become a Bahá'í enrolled in the East Caroline Islands. - First believers by background; Caroline Islands first Pingelapese Bahá’í the East Caroline Islands
    1970 (In the Year)
    197-
    The first native of Mauritania to become a Bahá'í enrolled. - First believers by background; Mauritania first native Bahá’í of Mauritania
    1974 (In the year)
    197-
    The first Native Council took place in Haines, Alaska, attended by 50 native Bahá'ís. Alaska, USA; Firsts, other; Haines, AK; United States (USA) first Native Council in Haines, Alaska
    1974 May c.
    197-
    The first National Youth Conference of Burma took place during the visit of Hand of the Cause Amatu'l-Bahá Rúhíyyih Khánum. [BW16:251] - First conferences; Amatu’l-Bahá Rúḥíyyih Khánum; Conferences, Bahá'í; Conferences, Youth; Myanmar; Youth first National Youth Conference of Burma
    1975 Dec
    197-
    The first National Teaching Conference to be held in Senegal took place in Dakar. [BW16:175] - First conferences; Conferences, Bahá'í; Conferences, Teaching; Dakar, Senegal; Senegal; Teaching first National Teaching Conference in Senegal
    1975 Feb
    197-
    The first National Teaching Conference in Sierra Leone took place in Bo. [BW16:172] - First conferences; Bo, Sierra Leone; Conferences, Bahá'í; Conferences, Teaching; Sierra Leone; Teaching first National Teaching Conference in Sierra Leone
    1971 May
    197-
    The first National Teaching Committee of Sierra Leone was appointed by the Regional Spiritual Assembly of West Africa. Firsts, other; Sierra Leone; Teaching first National Teaching Committee of Sierra Leone
    1977 Ridván
    197-
    The first National Spiritual Assembly of the unified nation of Vietnam was elected. [Bahaipedia] National Spiritual Assembly, formation; Vietnam
    1977 Ridván
    197-
    The first National Spiritual Assembly of the French Antilles was formed with its seat in Pointe a Pitre in Guadeloupe. [BW17pxviii, 336; Guadeloupe by Daniel Caillaud]
  • Its jurisdiction covered Guadeloupe and its dependencies, Iles des Saintes; Marie-Galante; St. Barthelemy; Desirade Island, St. Martin/St. Maarten.
  • Note: Saint Barthélemy and Saint Martin left the union of Guadeloupe in 2007.
  • Desirade Island, Guadeloupe; French West Indies; Guadeloupe; Îles des Saintes, Guadeloupe; Marie-Galante, Guadeloupe; National Spiritual Assembly, formation; St. Barthélemy; St. Martin Island first National Spiritual Assembly of the French Antilles is formed.
    1970 (Summer)
    197-
    The first National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of Uganda was elected for the first time. Those elected were: Mr. Enos Epyeru, Assistant Treasurer; Mr. Javan Gutosi, Treasurer; Mr. S. M. Isimai, Secretary; Mr. Moses Senoga, Vice-Chairman and Assistant Secretary, Mr. Julias Nambafu, Augustin Massati, Augustin Naku, and Albert Ocamodek. [Bahá'í News No 479 February 1971 pg15; Wikipedia] Kampala, Uganda; National Spiritual Assembly, formation; Uganda
    1978 Ridván
    197-
    The first National Spiritual Assembly of Mauritania was formed with its seat in Nouakchott. [BW17:141, 348, BW19:491] Mauritania; National Spiritual Assembly, formation; Nouakchott, Mauritania first National Spiritual Assembly of Mauritania is formed
    1972 Ridván
    197-
    The first national spiritual assembly in Micronesia, the National Spiritual Assembly of the North West Pacific Ocean, was formed with its seat in Ponape. [BW15:268]
  • Jusisdiction: Mariana Islands, the Caroline Islands, the Marshall Islands, and Guam.
  • For picture see BW15:155.
  • For the story of the Knights of Bahá'u'lláh for Guam, Edgar and Cynthia Olson (and Robert Powers) see BWNS303.
  • Micronesia; National Spiritual Assembly, formation; Pohnpei, Caroline Islands first NSA in Micronesia; first NSA North West Pacific Ocean
    1978 15 Jan
    197-
    The first National Bahá'í Women's Conference of Niger took place. - Conferences, National; - First conferences; Conferences, Bahá'í; Conferences, Women; Niger; Women first National Bahá’í Women’s Conference of Niger

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