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Chronology of the Bahá'í Faith

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Date 184-, descending sort earliest first

date event tags firsts
1849 26 Nov
184-
The Báb sent Mullá Ádí-Guzal to the graves of Quddús and Mullá Husayn to make a pilgrimage on His behalf [DB431] * Báb, The (chronology); Mulla Adi-Guzal; Cemeteries and graves; Quddus; Mulla Husayn; Pilgrimage; Iran
1849 1 Aug
184-
Death of Hájí Mírzá Áqásí at Karbalá. [Bab147; BBD19; BBR156]
  • The Báb, in a letter to the Sháh called him "manifest darkness" and "the devil whom thou hast appointed as thy Chancellor". [SWB26]
  • Shoghi Effendi designated him as the "Antichrist of the Bábí Revelation" and called him a "vulgar, false-hearted and fickle-minded schemer". [GPB164, 4]
  • Hájí Mírzá Aqasi; - Prime Ministers of Iran; - Prime Ministers; Karbala, Iraq; Iraq; Iran
    1849 July - Aug (Or perhaps later)
    184-
    Bahá'u'lláh conceived of a plan, a plan that was endorsed by the Báb, to have the Báb appoint Mírzá Yahyá as the titular head of the Faith. Mírzá Yahyá was concealed and hidden while mention of him was on every tongue. It is speculated that as a further measure to reduce His public profile, Bahá'u'lláh retired to Karbalá via Baghdád for a period of some ten months. [UD631n234; TN37-38; GPB90; RoB1p53-54]

    On the subject of the successor to the Báb the Guardian states:

      A successor or vicegerent the Báb never named, an interpreter of His teachings He refrained from appointing. So transparently clear were His references to the Promised One, so brief was to be the duration of His own Dispensation, that neither the one nor the other was deemed necessary. All He did was, according to the testimony of 'Abdu'l-Bahá in "A Traveller's Narrative," to nominate, on the advice of Bahá'u'lláh and of another disciple, Mírzá Ya˙yá, who would act solely as a figure-head pending the manifestation of the Promised One, thus enabling Bahá'u'lláh to promote, in relative security, the Cause so dear to His heart. [GPB28—29]
      .He has also referred to him as "titular head" and "a mere figurehead". [GPB90]
  • See also Mírzá Yahyá Azal, Designation of in the Writings of the Báb written on behalf of the Universal House of Justice and published in Lights of Irfan Vol 8 pp387-391.
  • Mírzá Yahya (Subh-i-Azal)
    1849 c. Jun - Jul
    184-
    The Báb, in prison in the castle of Chihríq, learned of the massacre at Shaykh Tabarsí and the martyrdom of Quddús. He was so overcome with grief that He was unable to write or dictate for a period of five or six months. [DB411, 430]
  • See the Tablet of Visitation for Mulla Muhammad 'Ali-i-Barfurushi (Quddús) revealed by the Báb.
  • * Báb, The (chronology); * Báb, Writings of; Prison; Shaykh Tabarsí siege; Persecution, Iran; - Persecution, Deaths; - Persecution; Quddus; Tablets of Visitation; * Báb, The, Basic timeline; - Basic timeline, Expanded; Chihríq, Iran; Iran
    1849 16 May
    184-
    Quddús was tortured and, in the public square, he was struck down with an axe, dismembered and burnt. [Bab176; BBD191; BW18:381; DB409–13; MH283–4] When the

      "When the procession reached the public square, where the execution was to take place, Quddús, this youth of only twenty-seven years, cried out, "Would that my mother were with me, and could see with her own eyes the splendour of my nuptials!" As these words were being spoken the wild multitude fell upon him, tearing him limb from limb and throwing the scattered pieces into a fire which they had kindled for that purpose. Another account states that the Sa'ídu'l-'Ulamá had himself cut of Quddús' ears and struck him on the head with an axe." [TtP92]
  • As he died he begged God's forgiveness for his foes. [DB411; MH284]
  • His remains were gathered and buried by a friend. [Bab176; DB413]
  • See GPB49–50 for the rank and titles of Quddús.
  • See Quddus, Companion of the Bab by Harriet Pettibone.
  • Quddus; Persecution, Iran; - Persecution, Deaths; - Persecution; - Letters of the Living; Babul (Barfurush), Iran; Iran; Babul (Barfurush), Iran
    1849 11 May
    184-
    Quddús was taken to Bárfurúsh (now called Babol) and handed over to the priests. [DB408] Quddus; Babul (Barfurush), Iran; Iran; Babul (Barfurush), Iran
    1849 10 May
    184-
    The end of the siege of the fort at Shaykh Tabarsí. Two hundred and two Bábís were tricked into leaving the shrine. [BW18:381]
  • DB400 says they accompanied Quddús.
  • They were not conducted to their homes as promised but were set upon by the Prince's soldiers. Some are killed, others sold into slavery. The fortifications around the shrine were razed to the ground. [DB403–4; MH283]
  • See DB414–29 for a list of the martyrs of Tabarsí.
  • Among those who gave their lives at Fort Tabarsi was Mullá Ja'far, the sifter of wheat and the first to embrace the Faith in Isfahan. [AY58]
  • Shaykh Tabarsí siege; Persecution, Iran; - Persecution, Deaths; - Persecution; Martyrs; Quddus; Mulla Jafar (sifter of wheat); - Basic timeline, Expanded; Iran
    1849 9 May
    184-
    Mihdí-Qulí Mírzá sent an emissary to the fort to invite two representatives to his camp to conduct negotiations. On the strength of assurances written on a Qur'án, Quddús left the fort and entered the Prince's camp. [B175; BW18:381; DB399–400] Mihdi-Quli Mírzá; Quddus; Shaykh Tabarsí siege; Iran
    1849 26 Apr
    184-
    A charge by the forces of Sulaymán Khán was repulsed by 37 Bábís led by Mírzá Muhammad-Báqir. [BW18:381; DB3956]
  • A few days later some of the Bábís left the fort on the promise of Mihdí-Qulí Mírzá that they will be returned to their homes. As soon as they are outside the fort they were put to death. [DB396–9]
  • Sulayman Khan; Mírzá Muhammad-Baqir; Shaykh Tabarsí siege; Iran; Bábí history
    1849 early Apr
    184-
    Sulaymán Khán-i-Afshar arrived with more troops. [BW18:381] Armies; Shaykh Tabarsí siege; Iran
    1849 c. end Mar
    184-
    The army continued to fire on the shrine for a few days. Mírzá Muhammad-Báqir and 18 others attacked the new fortifications and destroyed some of them. [DB393–4] Shaykh Tabarsí siege; Armies; Mírzá Muhammad-Baqir; Iran
    1849 27 Mar
    184-
    Renewed forces under Mihdí-Qulí Mírzá encamped in the neighbourhood of the fort, built fortifications and began to bombard the shrine. [BW18:381; DB390–3]
  • DB391 says this was the ninth day after Naw-Rúz.
  • Mihdi-Quli Mírzá; Shaykh Tabarsí siege; Iran
    1849 c. 11 Mar
    184-
    On learning through a traitor of the death of Mullá Husayn, 'Abbás-Qulí Khán launched a fresh attack on the fort. [DB384–6]
  • DB386 says this was 10 days before Naw-Rúz.
  • Nineteen Bábís led by Mírzá Muhammad-Báqir overcame the attackers. [DB386–8]
  • Abbas-Quli Khan-i-Larijani; Armies; Mulla Husayn; Shaykh Tabarsí siege; Iran
    1849 2 Feb
    184-
    Soon after midnight, Mullá Husayn led a charge of 313 men that again routed the king's army. He was struck in the chest by a bullet and died. His body was carried back to the fort and buried. Ninety other Bábís were also wounded, about 40 of whom died. [B174; BW18:381; DB379–82; MH266–70]
  • Mullá Husayn was 36 years old at the time of his death. [DB383; MH272]
  • See DB382–3 for an account of his life.
  • See DB415–16 for an account of the heroics of Mullá Husayn.
  • See DB381–2 and MH265–70 for an account of the death and burial of Mullá Husayn.
  • See SDH13–14 for an account of his death by Mihdí-Qulí Mírzá.
  • Seventy–two of the original 313 inhabitants of the fort had been martyred by this time. [DB382]
  • It took the army 45 days to re-assemble its forces. [DB384; MH277]
  • Mulla Husayn; Mihdi-Quli Mírzá; Persecution, Iran; - Persecution, Deaths; - Persecution; Shaykh Tabarsí siege; - Letters of the Living; Iran
    1849 1 Feb
    184-
    The well was completed. Mullá Husayn performed his ablutions and put on clean clothes and the turban of the Báb. [DB379; MH264–6] Mulla Husayn; Turbans; Relics; Shaykh Tabarsí siege; Iran
    1849 27 Jan
    184-
    Reinforcements arrived for the besiegers under the leadership of 'Abbás-Qulí Khán-i-Láríjání. [BW18:381; DB378–9; MH263]
  • This was the third army to be mustered.
  • The water supply was again cut off and Mullá Husayn ordered that a well be dug and a bath constructed. [DB379; MH263]
  • Abbas-Quli Khan-i-Larijani; Armies; Mulla Husayn; Shaykh Tabarsí siege; Iran
    1849 11 Jan
    184-
    Quddús and Mullá Husayn led a night attack on the encamped army. Two hundred and two Bábís dispersed the camp. [BW18:381; BD365; MH254]
  • DB 368 says this occurred on 21 December 1848.
  • Mihdí-Qulí Mírzá fled barefoot. [DB366]
  • Mullá Husayn's sword was broken in the attack and he used that of Quddús. His companions brought him the abandoned sword of Mihdí-Qulí Mírzá. [DB367; MH257]
  • At daybreak the soldiers mounted a counter-attack. [DB367; MH258–9]
  • In this encounter Quddús was wounded in the mouth and was rescued by Mullá Husayn who dispersed the enemy using the sword of Mihdí-Qulí Mírzá in one hand and that of Quddús in the other. [B174; DB367; MH258–9]
  • Quddus; Mulla Husayn; Armies; Shaykh Tabarsí siege; Swords; Iran
    1849 (early) Jan
    184-
    Arrival of Mihdí-Qulí Mírzá and 3,000 royal troops in the vicinity of the shrine of Shaykh Tabarsí. [B173–4; BW18:381; DB363]
  • He set up camp and his headquarters in the village of Vás-Kas. [DB363]
  • Mihdi-Quli Mírzá; Armies; Shaykh Tabarsí siege; Vas-Kas, Iran; Iran
    1849 (In the year)
    184-
    Bahá'u'lláh married his second wife, Fátimih Khánum Mahd-i-'Ulyá (1828–1904), His cousin, the daughter of Malik-Nisá Khánum (Mírzá Buzurg's sister) and Mírzá Karím-i-Namadsáb. She was 21 and he was 32.
  • Note: According to one source, she was married to the famous cleric Mírzá Muhammad Taqí 'Allámi-yi-Núrí and widowed before Bahá'u'lláh married her.
  • * Bahaullah (chronology); Bahá'u'lláh, Wives of; Mahd-i-Ulya (Fatimih Khanum); Malik-Nisa Khanum; Mírzá Buzurg; Mírzá Karim-i-Namadsab; Iran
    1848 21 Dec
    184-
    The Bábís, led by Quddús, made a mounted attack on the army. All of the officers were killed including `Abdu'lláh Khán. A number of soldiers were drowned as they retreated into the Tálár River. About 430 soldiers were killed but no Bábís; one Bábí was wounded. [BW18:381; DB361–3; MH243–6]
  • For the next 19 days the defenders dug a moat. [DB363]
  • Shaykh Tabarsí siege; Quddus; `Abdu'lláh Khán; Armies; Iran
    1848 19 Dec
    184-
    The siege of the Shrine of Shaykh Tabarsí began in earnest with the arrival of `Abdu'lláh Khán's forces. [BW18:381]
  • DB361 says this was 1 December.
  • There were about 12,000 troops. [MH245]
  • The supply of bread and water to the fort was cut. A rainfall replenished the water supply and ruined the munitions of the government forces. Snow further hampered the army's movement. [DB361, MH243]
  • Shaykh Tabarsí siege; `Abdu'lláh Khán; Armies; Persecution, Iran; - Persecution; Iran
    1848 12 Oct - 16 May
    184-
    The siege of the Shrine of Shaykh Tabarsí As compiled by Moojan Momen the main events were:
  • 12 October: Mullá Husayn and his companions entered the Shrine of Shaykh Tabarsf and were attacked that night by a body of horsemen from Qádi—Kulá.
  • 19 December: Arrival of 'Abdu'lláh Khan's forces and the start of the siege.
  • 21 December: Major sortié led by Quddús dispersed besiegers.
  • early January, 1849: Arrival of Mihdi-Quli Mirzá and 3,000 royal troops.
  • 11 January: Night sortie led by Quddús upon the headquarters of Mihdi-Qulf Mirzá at Vaskés dispersed the camp.
  • 27 January: Arrival of reinforcements for the besiegers under 'Abbás-Quhi Khan-i-Larijani.
  • 2 February: Major sortie led by Mullá Husayn dispersed the camp of their enemy but resulted in martyrdom of Mulla Husayn himself and some forty of his companions.
  • 27 March: Mihdi-Quli Mirzá built fortifications and started bombardment of the Shrine.
  • early April: Arrival of Sulayman Khan-i-Afshar with more troops.
  • 26 April: Sortie led by Mirzá Muhammad-Béqir-i-Bushru'i routed forces of Sulayman Khan.
  • 9 May: Quddús, receiving promises of safety written on the Qur'án, left the Shrine and entered the Prince's camp.
  • 10 May: Quddús' companions tricked into leaving the Shrine; they were then set upon and killed. End of Shaykh Tabarsi upheaval.
  • 16 May in Bárfurush, the martyrdom of Quddús. [BW19p381]
  • Shaykh Tabarsí siege; * Bahaullah (chronology); Mulla Husayn; Quddus; - Letters of the Living; - Basic timeline, Expanded; Shaykh Tabarsí siege
    1848 Oct - May 1849
    184-
    The siege of the Shrine of Shaykh Tabarsí
  • See BBD217, BW18:381, DB345–413 and MH221–85 for chronicle of events.
  • The episode lasted seven months. [BBRSM26; BW18:381]
  • See BBRSM26 for the Bábís' intentions.
  • See DB343–5 for pictures and DB348, MH217–18 for sketches.
  • See MH212 for a diagram of the fortifications.
  • Bahá'u'lláh visited the fortress and approved the fortifications. [BKG51, DB347–9; MH227] See note below.
  • He advised Mullá Husayn to seek the release of Quddús. Mullá Husayn set out immediately and secured the release of Quddús, who had been in detention for 95 days. [Bab173; BKG51; DB349–50; MH227]
  • Quddús arrived towards the end of the year. Some sources say October 20. [Bab173]
  • See DB352–4 for the entry of Quddús into Shaykh Tabarsí. His arrival brought the number of Bábís in the shrine to 313. [DB354]
    • During the siege Quddús composed an extensive commentary on the word "samad" (lit. eternal), which appears in Qur'an 112:2: 'In the Name of God, the Compassionate, the Merciful. Say: He is God alone; God the eternal! He begetteth not, and He is not begotten; And there is none like unto Him.' ['Abdu'l-Baha's First Thousand-Verse Tablet: History and Provisional Translation by Ahang Rabbani and Khazeh Fananapazir p120]
  • Note: BBRSM26 and MH233–4 say that the number of defendants rose to 500–600 individuals.
    • 37 per cent of the identified participants were of the `ulamá class. [BBRSM50]
  • The siege began with the arrival of `Abdu'lláh Khán's forces on 19 December.
  • it is said that 2,000 soldiers were involved in the siege.
  • See PG116-117 where 'Abdu'l-Bahá recounts the story of the heroism of the defenders of Shaykh Tabarsí.

    Note: Moojan Momen in Two Episodes from the Life of Bahá'u'lláh in Iran (first published in Lights of Irfan, 20, pages 139-160) suggests that Bahá'u'lláh's itinerary was: "Badasht, Núr, Tehran (where He met with Hujjat); He then set out for Jaz (with Mírzá Masíh Núrí and Mirza Majíd Áhí); in Jaz, Mírzá Masíh Núrí died and Muhammad Sháh's decree arrived, then Bahá'u'lláh' set out for Núr, visiting the Bábís at Shaykh Tabarsí on the way. There would just about have been enough time for this sequence of events to occur but it seems contrary to Bahá'u'lláh's statement that He came to Jaz from Shahrúd (i.e. Badasht), unless we assume two visits to Jaz (one on the way from Badasht and then one coming from Tehran with Mírzá Masíh)."

  • Shaykh Tabarsí siege; Fortresses, castles and palaces; * Bahaullah (chronology); Mulla Husayn; Quddus; - Letters of the Living; - Basic timeline, Expanded; Shaykh Tabarsí siege
    1848 early Dec
    184-
    Bahá'u'lláh set out from Tihrán with 11 companions to reinforce the Bábís at Shaykh Tabarsí. Nine miles from the fort they were arrested and taken to the town of Ámul, where they were held prisoner in the home of the deputy governor. This was Bahá'u'lláh's second imprisonment. He intervened to spare His companions the bastinado and He alone received it. See Light of Faith: A collection of stories by Paris Sadeghzadeh and Behnam Golmohammadi p82-83.
  • When the governor returned to his home he ordered that Bahá'u'lláh and His companions be released and arranged a safe conduct for them to Tihrán. [Bab174; BBD44; BKG56–60; BW18:381; DB369–376; GPB68; SB7]
  • See BKG57 and DB70 for pictures.
  • * Bahaullah (chronology); Shaykh Tabarsí siege; Arrests; Bastinado; Tehran, Iran; Amul, Iran; Iran
    1848 19 Oct
    184-
    Entry of Násiri'd-Dín Sháh into Tihrán. [BBR482]
  • MH240 says it took him 45 days to travel to Tihrán to occupy his father's throne.
  • Hájí Mírzá Áaqsí Khán-i-Faráhání took up post as his prime minister. [BBR482]
  • By the end of 1848 the governmental opposition to the Báb continued and intensified. Encouraged by the ulama (religious leaders), the public increasingly turned against the Báb and His followers and the Bábis "were held responsible for the country's general state of turmoil." [RR395]
  • Nasirid-Din Sháh; Qajar dynasty; - Shahs; - Shahs, Throne changes; History (general); Iran, General history; Mírzá Taqi Khan-i-Farahani; - Prime Ministers of Iran; - Prime Ministers; Tehran, Iran; Iran
    1848 12 Oct
    184-
    The band of 72 Bábís took refuge in the shrine of Shaykh Tabarsí which was located about 14 miles southeast of Bárfurúsh (now called Babol) and prepared it for siege. [B173; BBRSM26; BW18:381; DB344–5] Shaykh Tabarsí siege; Babul (Barfurush), Iran; Iran; Babul (Barfurush), Iran
    1848 11 Oct
    184-
    Mullá Husayn and his company from Mashhad arrived near Bárfurúsh (now called Babol). [DB345] MH188 says that the journey from Mashhad had taken 83 days.
  • The Sa`ídu'l-`Ulamá, threatened by their presence, stirred up the townspeople, who went out to meet them. Some three or four miles from the city they clashed and seven of Mullá Husayn's companions were killed. [Bab172; BW18:381; DB329–31; MH192–3; BW19p381]
  • In the ensuing battle, the townspeople were worsted. They begged for peace and a truce was agreed. [Bab172; DB336; MH197]
  • It was during this skirmish that Mullá Husayn cut a man, a musket and a tree with one blow from his sword. [Bab172; DB 330–1; MH193]
  • Mullá Husayn and his companions took shelter in a caravanserai. Three young men in succession mounted the roof to raise the new call to prayer were each met with a bullet and killed. Mullá Husayn gave the command to attack the townspeople, who were again routed. [BW18:381; DB337–8; MH201–5]
  • Mullá Husayn and his companions were offered safe passage by the town's leaders if they would leave Bárfurúsh. They agreed but were attacked by their escort, Khusraw-i-Qádí-Kalá'í and his hundred men. [Bab172; DB338–42; MH206–9]
  • Mulla Husayn; Babul (Barfurush), Iran; Iran; Babul (Barfurush), Iran
    1848 12 Sep
    184-
    The accession of Násiri'd-Dín Sháh at Tabríz. [BBR482]
  • He was 17 years old. [BBR158; GPB37]
  • He ruled from 1848 to 1 May 1896 when he was assassinated on the eve of his jubilee. [BBD168; BBR482]
  • The first four years of his reign were marked by the `fiercest and bloodiest of the persecutions of the religion of the Báb and Bahá'u'lláh'. During the whole of his reign there were `sporadic persecutions and, in at least some cases, he himself was directly responsible for the death of the martyrs'. [BBR157]
  • For the first time in the Faith's history the civil and ecclesiastical powers banded together in a systematic campaign against it, one that was to `culminate in the horrors experienced by Bahá'u'lláh in the Síyáh-Chál' and `His subsequent banishment to Iraq'. [GPB37]
  • See BBRSM25 for an explanation of why the Bábí religion was a challenge to the secular regime.
  • See SB86 for a reason for Násiri'd-Dín Sháh's cruelty towards the Bábís and Bahá'ís.
  • See RB3:201 for an explanation of his lengthy reign.
  • He chose as his prime minister Mírzá Taqí Khán-i-Faráhání, known as a great reformer and a founder of modern Iran. [BBD221; BBR160]
  • It was not until the spring of 1849 that the new regime was in firm control.
  • His reform antagonized many and a coalition was formed against him. One of the most active proponents was the queen mother. She convinced the Shah that the prime minister wanted his throne. In October of 1851 the Shah dismissed him and exiled him to Kashan where he was murdered on the Shah's orders.
  • Nasirid-Din Sháh; Qajar dynasty; - Shahs; - Shahs, Throne changes; History (general); Iran, General history; Mírzá Taqi Khan-i-Farahani; Siyah Chal (Black Pit); Firsts, other; Tabríz, Iran; Iran; Iraq First time the civil and ecclesiastical powers banded together in a systematic campaign against the Faith
    1848 4 Sep
    184-
    The death of the chronically ill Muhammad Sháh whom Shoghi Effendi described as bigoted, sickly and vacillating. [BBR153–4; GPB4; Encyclopædia Iranica]
  • This precipitated the downfall of the Grand Vizier, Hájí Mírzá Áqásí because many of Tehran's elite arose against him. [Bab147; BBD19; BBR156]
  • For details of his life, fall and death in Karbila on the 1st of August, 1849, see BBR154–6 and BKG52–5.
  • The edict for Bahá'u'lláh's arrest was rendered null. [BKG50; BW18:381; DB298-300] iiiii
  • Muhammad Sháh; - Grand Viziers; - Prime Ministers of Iran; - Prime Ministers; Hájí Mírzá Aqasi; Antichrist; * Bahaullah (chronology); Iran, General history; History (general); Persecution, Iran; - Persecution, Arrests; - Persecution; Iran
    1848 1 Sep
    184-
    Birth of Auguste Forel, renowned entomologist and Bahá'í, in Switzerland. Auguste Forel; Births and deaths; Morges, Switzerland; Switzerland
    1848 Sep
    184-
    Bahá'u'lláh was in Bandar-Jaz (now Bandar-e Gaz). An edict came from Muhammad Sháh ordering His arrest. The man who was to have made the arrest was, on that very day, preparing a feast for Bahá'u'lláh and so delayed the arrest. News of the death of the flizih cancelled the decree. [DB 298-300; BW19p381 * Bahaullah (chronology); Muhammad Sháh; Russian officials; Bandar-Jaz, Iran; Iran
    1848 Aug - Sep
    184-
    Birth of Mírzá Muhammad-Hasan Tálaqání, (b. Aug-Sep 1848 in Karkabúd, near Tálaqán, d.3 August 1919 in Tehran) also known by the title Adíbu'l-'Ulamá and the designation Adíb, Hand of the Cause and Apostle of Bahá'u'lláh. [Bahá'í Encylopedia Project] Adib (Hájí Mírzá Hasan Talaqani); * Hands of the Cause; Hands appointed by Bahá'u'lláh; Births and deaths; - Apostles of Bahá'u'lláh; Births and deaths; Tálaqán, Iran; Iran
    1848 Aug
    184-
    The Báb was taken back to Chihríq, where He remained until June/July 1850. [Bab147; DB322; TN15]
  • Bab147 says He must have arrived in the first days of August.
  • On His return the Báb wrote a denunciatory letter to Hájí Mírzá Áqásí. The epistle was given the name Khutbiy-i-Qahríyyih (Sermon of Wrath). He sent it to Hujjat in Tihrán, who delivered it personally. [Bab147; DB323; GPB27]
  • The Báb completed the Arabic Bayán. [BBR45; GBP25]
  • * Báb, The (chronology); * Báb, Writings of; Hájí Mírzá Aqasi; Hujjat; Bayan-i-Arabi (Arabic Bayan); * Báb, The, Basic timeline; - Basic timeline, Expanded; Chihríq, Iran; Iran
    1848 Jul - Sep
    184-
    Mullá Husayn and his companions, marching to Mázindarán, were joined by Bábís who had been at Badasht as well as newly-converted Bábís. [B171–2]
  • Their numbers rose to 300 and possibly beyond. [B172; BKG50]
  • The Black Standard was raised on the plain of Khurásán on the 21st of July. [B171, 176–7; BBD46; BBRSM52; MH175]
  • The Black Standard flew for some 11 months. [B176–7; DB351]
  • See DB326 and MH177–83 for details of the journey.
  • See MH182 for Mullá Husayn's prophecy of the death of Muhammad Sháh.
  • Mulla Husayn; Black Standard (banner); Banners; Prophecies; Muhammad Sháh; Conference of Badasht (1848); Mazandaran, Iran; Badasht, Iran; Khurásán, Iran; Iran; Bábí history
    1848 last week
    in Jul
    184-
    Trial of the Báb

    The Báb arrived in Tabríz and was brought before a panel of which the 17-year-old Crown Prince Násiri'd-Dín Mírzá was the president. The Báb publicly made His claim that He was the Qá'im. This claim had also been announced to those gathered at Badasht. [Bab140–7; BBR157; BBRSM23, 216; BW18:380; DB314–20; GPB21–2; TN14]
  • The purpose of the public forum was to force the Báb to recant His views; instead He took control of the hearing and embarrassed the clergy. After considerable argument and discussion, they decided He was devoid of reason. [GPB22; BBRSM216]
  • The Báb was bastinadoed. [B145; BBD44; DB320; GPB22; TN14–15] This is the first formal punishment He received. [BBRSM20]
  • This constituted the formal declaration of His mission. [GPB22]
  • The clergy issued a fatwa or legal pronouncement against the Báb condemning Him to death for heresy, but to no purpose as the civil authorities were unwilling to take action against Him. [BBRSM19–20]
  • See Trial of the Báb: Shi'ite Orthodoxy Confronts its Mirror Image by Denis MacEoin.
  • He was first attended by an Irish physician, Dr William Cormick, to ascertain His sanity and later to treat Him for a blow to the face that occurred during the bastinado. Cormick is the only Westerner to have met and conversed with Him. [Bab145; BBR74–5, 497–8 DBXXXIL–XXXIII]
  • For an account of the life of Dr. William Cormick see Connections by Brendan McNamara.
  • See the YouTube video The Irish Physician Who Met The Báb.
  • * Báb, The (chronology); Báb, Trial of; Nasirid-Din Sháh; Qaim; Bastinado; William Cormick; Fatwa; Conference of Badasht (1848); * Báb, The, Basic timeline; - Basic timeline, Expanded; Tabríz, Iran; Badasht, Iran; Iran First formal punishment of the Báb
    1848 21 Jul
    184-
    Mullá Husayn and his 202 companions left Mashhad for Mázindarán under the Black Standard. They arrived in September. [BBRSM26, 216] Mulla Husayn; Black Standard (banner); Banners; Mashhad, Iran; Mazandaran, Iran; Iran
    1848 19 - 20 Jul
    184-
    The Women's Rights Convention was held in the Wesleyan Chapel at Seneca Falls, NY. The principle organizer was Lucretia Mott, with Elizabeth Cady Stanton as its driving intellect. A significant role was played by an African-American man, an abolitionist and a recently freed slave, Frederick Douglass. The convention adopted a Declaration of Rights and Sentiments that consisted of 11 resolutions including the right for women to vote. The signatories were the 68 women and 32 men in attendance. The right for women to vote became part of the United States Constitution in 1920. [The Calling: Tahirih of Persia and her American Contemporaries p114-160, "Seneca Falls First Woman's Rights Convention of 1848: The Sacred Rites of the Nation" by Bradford W. Miller (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 8.3, 1998)]
  • This conference has been compared to the Conference of Badasht with respect to the emancipation of women and entrenched prejudices.
  • Tahirih and Women's Suffrage written by / on behalf of Universal House of Justice in which they deal with the question of the relationship between Táhirih and women's sufferage as well as the station of Táhirih herself.
  • Womens rights; Human rights; African Americans; Women; Gender; Equality; Conference of Badasht (1848); Tahirih (Qurratu'l-'Ayn, Zarrín-Táj); Seneca Falls, NY; New York, USA; United States (USA); Badasht, Iran; Iran the first time ever recorded in American history, a woman (Elizabeth Cady Stanton) publicly demanded the vote
    1848 c. 17 Jul
    184-
    The Bábís left Badasht for Mázindarán. They were attacked by a mob of more than 500 outside the village of Níyálá. [B170–1; BKG46–7; BW18:380; DB298; GPB68]
  • Bahá'u'lláh travelled to Núr with Táhirih. He entrusted her into the care of Shaykh Abú-Turáb-i-Ishtahárdí, to be taken to a place of safety. [BKG48; DB299]
  • Bahá'u'lláh travelled to Núr `in easy stages'. By September He was in Bandar-Jaz. [BKG48]
  • Conference of Badasht (1848); * Bahaullah (chronology); Tahirih (Qurratu'l-'Ayn, Zarrín-Táj); Persecution, Iran; - Persecution, Mobs; - Persecution; Badasht, Iran; Mazandaran, Iran; Niyala, Iran; Núr, Iran; Bandar-Jaz, Iran; Iran
    1848 c. Jul
    184-
    Quddús was arrested and taken to Sárí where he was placed under house arrest in the home of Mírzá Muhammad-Taqí, a leading cleric. [Bab171; BKG50; DB300]

    Táhirih was arrested and was later taken to Tihrán where she was held in the home of Mahmúd Khán, the Kalántar of Tihrán, until her martyrdom in August 1852.

    Mullá Husayn left the army camp near Mashhad where he had been a guest of a brother of the Sháh. He planned to make a pilgrimage to Karbalá. While making preparations for the journey he received a Tablet from the Báb instructing him to go to Mázindarán to help Quddús, carrying a Black Standard before him. He was also instructed to wear the Báb's own green turban and to take the new name Siyyid `Alí. [Bab171; BKG50; DB324; MH174]

    Quddus; Mírzá Muhammad-Taqi; Tahirih (Qurratu'l-'Ayn, Zarrín-Táj); Mahmud Khan; Kalantar, Iran; Mulla Husayn; - Shahs; Black Standard (banner); Banners; Green turban; Turbans; Names and titles; - Letters of the Living; Sari, Iran; Tehran, Iran; Mashhad, Iran; Mazandaran, Iran; Iran; Karbala, Iraq; Iraq
    1848 Jul
    184-
    After three months in Chihríq, the Báb, on the order of Háji Mírzá Áqási was taken under escort to Tabríz. He was to be tried for apostasy before a gathering of high-ranking religious leaders (Mujtahid) in the presence of the young crown prince Másiri'd-Dín Mírzá . [Bab137; BW18:380; TN14]
  • Just prior to His leaving, in June of 1848 He was seen in public discourse with His followers by a Russian student named Mochenin from St. Petersburg University. It is believed that he and Dr William Cormick were the only Westerners to have seen the Báb. [BBR75]
  • En route He stopped in Urúmíyyih for ten days where the governor, Malik-Qásim Mírzá, tested the Báb by offering Him an unruly horse to ride to the public bath. The horse remained docile under the Bab's control and was the same when He came out and rode him on the return. The local people were certain that they had witnessed a miracle and broke into the bath to procure His bath water. [Bab138; BBR74; DB309–11, EB86-87; For73]
  • A sketch of the Báb was made by local artist Aqa Bala Bayg from which he made a full-scale black and white portrait. Later Bahá'u'lláh directed that Aqa Bala Bayg make two copies of the portrait in water colour. The sketch and one of the water colours are now in the International Archives. [For73; EB87; Bab138–9, Juhúrú'l-Haqq by Asadu'lláh Fádil-i-Mázindarání p.48 quoted in World Order Winter 1974-95 p41]
  • See "The Báb in the World of Images" by Bijan Masumian and Adib Masumian. [Bahá'í Studies Review, Volume 19, Number 1, 1 June 2013, pp. 171-190(20)]
  • Mochenin; * Báb, The (chronology); Báb, Trial of; Portraits; Báb, Portrait of; Aqa Bala-Big Naqqash-bashi; Horses; * Báb, The, Basic timeline; - Basic timeline, Expanded; Chihríq, Iran; Tabríz, Iran; Urúmíyyih, Iran; Iran
    1848 c. 26 Jun - 17 Jul
    184-
    The Conference of Badasht

    Bahá'u'lláh, who hosted and directed the event, rented three gardens, one for Quddús, another for Táhirih and the third for Himself. [Bab168; GPB31, 68; MF200]

    The conference coincided with the removal of the Báb to Tabríz for interrogation in July. It was held near the village of Sháhrúd in Semnan province. [BBRSM23; DB292]

  • `The primary purpose of that gathering was to implement the revelation of the Bayán by a sudden, a complete and dramatic break with the past — with its order, its ecclesiasticism, its traditions, and ceremonials. The subsidiary purpose of the conference was to consider the means of emancipating the Báb from His cruel confinement in Chihríq.' [BBRSM23; BKG43; DB297–8; GPB31, 157]
  • From the beginning of His ministry the Báb had implicitly claimed some higher spiritual station than merely that of being the "bábu'l-imám" and in the early months of 1848 while still in prison in Máh-Kú He put forward these claims to his companions. He proclaimed HImself to be the Imam Mahdi, the promised Q´'im (He who will arise), the inaugurator of the Resurrection and the abrogator of the Islamic holy law. [BBRSM23]
  • Bab167 says that the Bábís did not come to Badasht to make plans to rescue the Báb.
  • It was attended by 81 believers and lasted 22 days. [BKG43–4, 46; DB292–3; GPB312]
  • Each day Bahá'u'lláh revealed a Tablet, and on each believer He conferred a new name. Each day an Islamic law was abrogated. Henceforth, when the Báb was addressing the believers, He used the new name that Bahá'u'lláh had bestowed upon them. [DB293; GPB32]
  • See BKG44–5; DB293 and MF201 for the story of the central event, Táhirih's confrontation with Quddús and removal of her veil.
      Ṭáhirih, seizing upon the opportunity, arose and, unveiled, came forth from the garden. She proceeded towards the tent of Bahá'u'lláh crying out and proclaiming: "I am the Trumpet-blast; I am the Bugle-call!"—which are two of the signs of the Day of Resurrection mentioned in the Qur'án. Calling out in this fashion, she entered the tent of Bahá'u'lláh. No sooner had she entered than Bahá'u'lláh instructed the believers to recite the Súrih of the Event from the Qur'án, a Súrih that describes the upheaval of the Day of Resurrection.
      [Twelve Table Talks given by 'Abdu'l-Bahá in 'Akká, no. 9, "Ṭáhirih and the Conference of Badasht"]
  • Also see Bab167–9; BBD31–2; BBRSM46; BKG43–7; DB292–8; RB2:353.
  • See The World-Wide Influence of Qurratul-'Ayn by Standwood Cobb.
  • Conference of Badasht (1848); * Bahaullah (chronology); * Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; Quddus; Tahirih (Qurratu'l-'Ayn, Zarrín-Táj); Veils; Women; Womens rights; Gender; Equality; * Báb, The (chronology); Bayan; - Basic timeline, Condensed; - Basic timeline, Expanded; * Báb, The, Basic timeline; * Bahá'u'lláh, Basic timeline; - Letters of the Living; Badasht, Iran; Tabríz, Iran; Shahrud, Iran; Chihríq, Iran; Iran
    1848 summer
    184-
    Quddús left Mashhad for Badasht. Mullá Husayn was prevented from attending. He was invited to stay in the camp of the soldiers garrisoned in the area to control a local revolt. The invitation amounted to a confinement but he was able to teach the soldiers while so confined. [BKG50; DB290; MH165–6]
  • MH160 says that it was at this time that the Báb wrote to all the believers in Persia and Iraq instructing them to go to the aid of Mullá Husayn and Quddús in the `Land of Khá (Khurásán). DB269ff implies this letter was written in 1845.
  • Quddus; Mulla Husayn; Mashhad, Iran; Badasht, Iran; Iran
    1848 late Spring
    184-
    Mullá Husayn went to the house of Quddús in Bárfurúsh (now called Babol), Mázindarán, and realized that the `hidden treasure' was his recognition of the station of Quddús. [DB261–5; MH148–54]

    Mullá Husayn proceeded to Mashhad and built a `Bábíyyih', a centre for the Bábís, as instructed by Quddús. He and Quddús took up residence in it and began to teach the Bábí religion.

  • See DB288–90 and MH158–68 for the result of this effort.
  • Among those who come to the Bábíyyih was Sám Khán, the chief of police. [MH158]
  • See MH156 for a picture of the Bábíyyih.
  • Mulla Husayn; Quddus; Bábí centre; - Letters of the Living; Babul (Barfurush), Iran; Mazandaran, Iran; Mashhad, Iran; Iran; Babul (Barfurush), Iran
    1848 Apr-Jul
    184-
    The presence of the Báb in Chihríq attracted much notice. Eventually Yahyá Khán softened his attitude to the Báb. [Bab135; DB303]
  • Excitement among local people eclipsed that of Máh-Kú. [GPB20]
  • Many priests and government officials became followers, among them Mírzá Asadu'lláh of Khuy, surnamed Dayyán. [Bab136; DB303; GPB20]
  • So many Bábís came to Chihríq that they could not all be housed. [Bab135]
  • See B136 and DB303 for story of the inferior honey.
  • A dervish, a former navváb, arrived from India after having seen the Báb in a vision. [Bab137; DB305; GPB20]
  • The Báb revealed the Lawh-i-Hurúfát (Tablet of the Letters) in honour of Dayyán. [DB304; GPB27]
  • * Báb, The (chronology); Yahya Khan; Mah-Ku, Iran; Dayyan (Mírzá Asadullah); Honey; Dervishes; Navvab (Asiyih Khanum); Lawh-i-Hurufat (Tablet of the Letters); Huruf (letters); Chihríq, Iran; Iran; India
    1848 10 Apr
    184-
    The Báb in Chihríq

    The Báb was transferred to the fortress of Chihríq, `Jabal-i-Shadíd' (the Grievous Mountain) into the custody of Yahyá Khán, a brother-in-law of Muhammad Sháh. [BR72; BBRSM216; GPB19]
  • He remained there for two years. [BBD55; BBR73; GPB27]
  • He was subjected to a more rigorous confinement than He had been at Máh-Kú and the warden was harsh and unpredictable. [Bab135; DB302]
  • See Light of Faith: A collection of stories by Paris Sadeghzadeh and Behnam Golmohammadi p50, 54-55, 59-60.
  • * Báb, The (chronology); Chihríq, Iran; Fortresses, castles and palaces; Yahya Khan; Muhammad Sháh; Mah-Ku, Iran; * Báb, The, Basic timeline; - Basic timeline, Expanded; Chihríq, Iran; Iran
    1848 9 Apr
    184-
    The Báb was removed from Máh-Kú. Prior to this He had communicated His higher claims to His followers.
  • Hájí Mírzá Áqásí was alarmed by the developments at Máh-Kú and ordered that the Báb be moved to Chihríq. [Bab131; DB259; GPB1920]
  • The Báb's presence in Máh-Kú, so close to the Russian frontier, was also a cause for concern for the Russian government. Prince Dolgorukov, the Russian Minister in Tihrán, asked that He be removed. It is likely that this request was made in 1847 but not carried out until this time. [Bab131; BBR72; TN13]
  • The Báb had been in Máh-Kú for nine months. [DB259]
  • * Báb, The (chronology); Hájí Mírzá Aqasi; Russia; Prince Dolgorukov; * Báb, The, Basic timeline; - Basic timeline, Expanded; Mah-Ku, Iran; Chihríq, Iran; Tehran, Iran; Iran
    1848 30 Mar
    184-
    Mullá Husayn departed for Mázindarán, setting out on foot as the Báb has directed. [DB260; MH144]
  • The Báb told him to visit the Bábís in Khuy, Urúmíyyih, Marághih, Mílán, Tabríz, Zanján, Qazvín and Tihrán before proceeding to Mázindarán. In Mázindarán he was to find `God's hidden treasure'. [DB260; MH144]
  • In Tihrán he again met Bahá'u'lláh. [DB261; MH148]
  • Mulla Husayn; * Bahaullah (chronology); * Báb, The (chronology); Mazandaran, Iran; Khuy, Iran; Urúmíyyih, Iran; Maraghih, Iran; Milan, Italy; Tabríz, Iran; Zanjan, Iran; Qazvin, Iran; Iran
    1848 20 March
    184-
    Mullá Husayn and his companion, walking from Mashhad, arrived at Máh-Kú on the eve of Naw-Rúz. The Báb met them at the gate and together they celebrated Naw-Rúz, the fourth after the declaration of the Báb. Mullá Husayn stayed the night at the fortress. He remained with the Báb for nine days. [Bab131; DB257, 262; MH138, 143]
  • MH137 says Mullá Husayn arrived in Tabríz on 21 March.
  • See DB255–7 for story of the dream of `Alí Khán, the prison warden, preceding the arrival of Mullá Husayn at Máh-Kú. From this time on the pilgrims were allowed unrestricted access to the Báb. [DB258]
  • The warden requested that the Báb marry his daughter. [DB259; MH143]
  • Mulla Husayn; * Báb, The (chronology); Mashhad, Iran; Mah-Ku, Iran; Iran
    1848 (In the year)
    184-
    Bahá'u'lláh planed Táhirih's escape, giving the task to Mírzá Hádíy-i-Farhádí, the nephew of Hájí Asadu'lláh-i-Farhádí. Táhirih was rescued and escorted from Qazvín to Bahá'u'lláh's home in Tihrán. [B167; BKG42; DB284–5; MF199]
  • While she was in Bahá'u'lláh's home she was visited by Vahíd and challenged him by saying `Let deeds, not words, be our adorning!' [DB285; MF200]
  • After a few days Bahá'u'lláh sent Táhirih to a place of safety before sending her on to Khurásán. [DB286–7; GPB68]
  • Note: Ma'ani says this was the house of Mírzá Áqá Khán-i Núrí, who was then living in Káshán as an exile. His sister acted as Táhirih's hostess until she left for Badasht.
  • Tahirih (Qurratu'l-'Ayn, Zarrín-Táj); Escape; Mírzá Hadiy-i-Farhadi; Hájí Asadullah-i-Farhadi; Vahid (Siyyid Yahyay-i-Darabi); Tehran, Iran; Qazvin, Iran; Khurásán, Iran; Iran
    1848 (In the year)
    184-
    The birth of Mírzá Mihdí, `the Purest Branch', the son of Bahá'u'lláh and His wife Ásíyih Khánum (Navváb) in the family's rented house near the Shemiran Gate (Darvázih Shimrán) in northern Tehran. [BBD155]
  • He was named after Mihdí, Bahá'u'lláh's elder full brother, who was dear to Him and who had recently died. In later years Bahá'u'lláh gave Mírzá Mihdí the title "the Purest Branch."
  • In January of 1853 Bahá'u'lláh and His family left Tehran on the first stage of their exile. Mírzá Mihdí, who was unwell at the time and unfit to undertake three months of hard travel across the Iranian Plateau and the Zagros Mountains in severe winter weather, had to be left behind in the care of relatives. The Research Department of the Universal House of Justice, which has no definitive information on the topic, suggests that it is possible that more than one relative may have cared for Mírzá Mihdí over the seven years before he rejoined his parents in Baghdad. RoL165 says that he was left with his maternal grandmother, CH45 says it was his maternal great-grandmother, BKG13 says it was his paternal aunt, Hadrat-i-Ukht, identified as Sárih Khánum.
  • He was reunited with his parents in 1860 after Bahá'u'lláh's return from the mountains of Sulaymaniyah and the family remained in Baghdad for another three years, until April 1863.
  • Mírzá Mihdí accompanied Bahá'u'lláh in His successive exiles to Istanbul, Edirne, and, finally, to Akka.
  • Despite his youth, Mírzá Mihdí was accustomed to hardship and was recognized as "a pillar of strength" among the exiles during the difficult period after their departure from Baghdad. He resembled 'Abdu'l-Bahá in appearance and character and was noted for his piety, gentleness, dignity, courtesy, and patience. Throughout his brief adult life, Mírzá Mihdí was Bahá'u'lláh's companion and served as one of His secretaries, recording the sacred tablets that He revealed. Many such manuscripts in Mírzá Mihdí's excellent handwriting are extant." [Bahá'í Encyclopedia]
  • See also Mírzá Mihdí: The Purest Branch by Boris Handal published by George Ronald Publisher, 2017
  • See 22 June 1870 and 23 June 1870
  • Mírzá Mihdi (Purest Branch); Births and deaths; Bahá'u'lláh, Family of; Boris Handal; Tehran, Iran; Iran
    1847 Nov - Dec
    184-
    Bahá'u'lláh, who was living in Tihrán, visited the detainees from Qazvin and gave them money. [BKG41; DB278–9; GPB68]
  • Mullá `Abdu'lláh confessed to the murder of Hájí Mullá Muhammad Taqí and was helped to escape. [BKG41–2; DB278]
  • See BKG42 for why Bahá'u'lláh was thought to have engineered his escape. Bahá'u'lláh was imprisoned for a few days for having assisted in Mullá `Abdu'lláh's escape.
  • This was Bahá'u'lláh's first imprisonment. [BKG41; BW18:380; DB585]
  • Shaykh Salib-i-Karímí, one of the imprisoned Bábís, was publicly executed in Tihrán.
  • He was the first to suffer martyrdom on Persian soil. His remains were interred in the courtyard of the shrine of the Imám-Zádih Zayd in Tihrán. [B166; BW18:380; DB280]
  • The remaining captives were returned to Qazvín. Hájí Asadu'lláh-i-Farhádí was secretly put to death in prison. Mullá Táhir-i-Shírází and Mullá Ibrahím-i-Maballátí were also put to death. [B166; BW18:380; DB280–3]
  • DB280–3 says `the rest of' the detainees were put to death by the relatives of Hájí Mullá Muhammad Taqí.
  • * Bahaullah (chronology); Assassinations; Mullá `Abdu'lláh; Tahirih (Qurratu'l-'Ayn, Zarrín-Táj); Hájí Mulla Muhammad Taqi; Cemeteries and graves; Firsts, other; Persecution, Iran; - Persecution, Arrests; - Persecution, Deaths; - Persecution; Tehran, Iran; Qazvin, Iran; Iran First imprisonment of Bahá'u'lláh; first martyr on Persian soil
    1847 Oct - Nov
    184-
    Táhirih was accused of instigating the assassination of her uncle, Muhammad Taqí Baraghání, and was confined to her father's house while about 30 Bábís were arrested. Four, including the assassin, were taken to Tihrán and held in the house of Khusraw Khán. [BKG41; BW18:380; DB276–8] Assassinations; Mullá `Abdu'lláh; Hájí Mulla Muhammad Taqi; Tahirih (Qurratu'l-'Ayn, Zarrín-Táj); Khusraw Khan; Persecution, Iran; - Persecution, Arrests; - Persecution; Tehran, Iran; Iran
    1847 Sep or Oct
    184-
    The murder of Hájí Mullá Muhammad Taqí, the powerful uncle of Táhirih, by Mullá `Abdu'lláh of Shíráz. [B166; BBRSM216; DB276–8]

  • BBRSM22 says the murder took place towards the end of October.
  • Mullá `Abdu'lláh indicated that he was `never a convinced Bábí'. [DB276]
  • Assassinations; Mullá `Abdu'lláh; Hájí Mulla Muhammad Taqi; Tahirih (Qurratu'l-'Ayn, Zarrín-Táj); Persecution, Iran; - Persecution; Iran
    1847 c. Aug
    184-
    Mullá Husayn was residing in Mashhad, in Khurásán, where he had been since returning from Shíráz in 1845. The leader of a local rebellion wished to enlist the Bábís on his side and sought a meeting with Mullá Husayn. To avoid entanglement in the affair, Mullá Husayn decided to make a pilgrimage to Máh-Kú. [TB56; DB254–5; MH133–5]
  • As an act of piety, he made the whole 1,200-mile journey on foot. Along the route he visited the Bábís and in Tihrán met secretly with Bahá'u'lláh. No account of their interview survives. In Qazvín, Mullá Husayn met Táhirih for the first time. [DB255; MH137]
  • Mulla Husayn; Tahirih (Qurratu'l-'Ayn, Zarrín-Táj); * Bahaullah (chronology); Khurásán, Iran; Mah-Ku, Iran; Qazvin, Iran; Tehran, Iran First meeting of Mullá Husayn and Táhirih
    1847 Aug
    184-
    Táhirih sent Mullá Ibráhím Mahallátí to present to the chief mujtahid of Hamadán her dissertation in defence of the Bábí Cause. Mahallátí was attacked and severely beaten. Tahirih (Qurratu'l-'Ayn, Zarrín-Táj); Mulla Ibrahim Mahallati; Hamadán, Iran; Iran; Bábísm
    1847 c. Aug - Sep
    184-
    On her departure from Hamadán Táhirih asked most of the Arab Bábís travelling with her to return to Iraq. [B165; DB273]

    Upon arriving in Qazvín, Táhirih refused her estranged husband's attempts at reconciliation and lived with her father. Her father-in-law Hájí Mullá Taqí, felt insulted and denounced the Shaykhís and Bábís. [B166; DB2736]

    Tahirih (Qurratu'l-'Ayn, Zarrín-Táj); Hájí Mulla Taqi; Hamadán, Iran; Qazvin, Iran; Iran
    1847 Jul to 1848 Apr
    184-
    The people of Máh-Kú show markeded hostility to the Báb on His arrival. Later they were won over by His gentle manners and His love. They congregated at the foot of the mountain hoping to catch a glimpse of Him. [Bab129; DB244–5]

    At the beginning of the Báb's incarceration the warden `Alí Khán kept the Báb strictly confined and allowed no visitors. He had a vision of the Báb engaged in prayer outside of the prison gates, knowing that the Báb is inside. He became humble and permitted the Bábís to visit the Báb. [Bab129–31; DB245–8]

    The winter the Báb spent in Máh-Kú was exceptionally cold. [DB252]

    Many of the Báb's writings were revealed in this period. [GPB24–5]

  • It was probably at this time that He addressed all the divines in Persia and Najaf and Karbalá, detailing the errors committed by each one of them. [GPB24]
  • He revealed nine commentaries on the whole of the Qur'an, the fate of which is unknown. [DB31; GPB24]
  • He revealed the "Mother Book" of the Bábí Revelation, the Persian Bayán, containing the laws and precepts of the new Revelation in some 8,000 verses. It is primarily a eulogy of the Promised One. [BBD44–5; BBRSM32; BW12:91 GPB24–5; ESW165; SWB102, 159] It is possible that the latter part of the Persian Bayán was revealed while He was confined in Chihríq.
  • The Báb began the composition of the `smaller and less weighty' Arabic Bayán. [Bab132; BBD45; GPB25]
  • He stated in the Bayán that, to date, He had revealed some 500,000 verses, 100,000 of which had been circulated. [BBRSM32, GPB22]
  • In the Dalá'il-i-Sab'ih (Seven Proofs) the Báb assigned blame to the seven powerful sovereigns then ruling the world and censured the conduct of the Christian divines who, had they recognized Muhammad, would have been followed by the greater part of their co-religionists. [BBD63; BW12:96; GPB26]
  • The Báb wrote His `most detailed and illuminating' Tablet to Muhammad Sháh. [GPB26]
  • * Báb, The (chronology); `Alí Khán; Bayan-i-Farsi (Persian Bayan); Bayan-i-Arabi (Arabic Bayan); Bayan; Dalail-i-Sabih (Seven Proofs); * Báb, Writings of; Tablet to Muhammad Shah; Muhammad Sháh; * Báb, The, Basic timeline; - Basic timeline, Expanded; Mah-Ku, Iran; Iran; Najaf, Iran; Karbala, Iraq; Iraq
    1847 Jul
    184-
    The Báb in Máh-Kú

    The Báb arrived at the prison fortress of Máh-Kú (the Open Mountain). [Bab128; BW18:380]
  • See Bab128, BBD142 and DB243–4 for descriptions of Máh-Kú, its environs, fortress and inhabitants.
  • See Light of Faith: A collection of stories by Paris Sadeghzadeh and Behnam Golmohammadi p51-53.
  • * Báb, The (chronology); Mah-Ku, Iran; Fortresses, castles and palaces; * Báb, The, Basic timeline; - Basic timeline, Expanded; Mah-Ku, Iran; Iran
    1847 c. May - Jun
    184-
    The Báb arrived in Tabríz en route to Máh-Kú and was handed over to the officials of Nasir al-Din Mirza, to be imprisoned for forty days in the citadel of Tabriz, called the Ark. [BBR76; Connections by Vincent Flannery] He was well received by the general populace. He spent His time in seclusion, being allowed only two visitors. [Bab127–8; DB237–40; GPB18; TN12]
  • "A tumultuous concourse of people had gathered to witness His entry into the city … desirous of ascertaining the veracity of the wild reports that were current about Him … the acclamations of the multitude resounded on every side… Such was the clamour that a crier was ordered to warn the population of the danger that awaited those who ventured to seek His presence?" [DB237]
  • * Báb, The (chronology); Mah-Ku, Iran; Nasir al-Din Mírzá; Tabríz, Iran; Iran
    1847 c. May
    184-
    Birth of Fátimih (Munírih) Khánum, wife of `Abdu'l-Bahá, in Isfahán.
  • Daughter of Mírzá Muhammad-'Alí. [DB208]
  • See MKML2-14 and DB208-209 for the story of her family and her conception.
  • See MH96 for information on Munírih, future wife of `Abdu'l-Bahá.
  • See CH84 for her account of a dream she had as a young child.
  • She was first cousin to the King of Martyrs and the Beloved of Martyrs. [CH86]
  • See MKML22-24 for the story of her first marriage to the younger brother of the King of Martyrs and the Beloved of Martyrs.
  • See MKML26-44 for the story of her trip from Iran to Mecca and then to the Holy Land in the company of Shaykh Salman.
  • Munirih Khanum; `Abdu'l-Bahá, Family of; Births and deaths; Shaykh Salman; Isfahan, Iran; Iran
    1847 c. 17 Apr
    184-
    The Báb sent a letter to the Sháh requesting an audience. [B121; DB229; TN11]

    Some accounts maintain that the prime minister intervened in the correspondence between the Báb and the Sháh. En route to Tabríz the Báb wrote to various people, including the Grand Vizier, the father and uncle of Táhirih, and Hájí Sulaymán Khán. Hujjat learned of this last letter and sent a message to the Bábís of Zanján to rescue the Báb. The Báb declined their assistance. [Bab124–5; DB235–6]

  • See B126 for an account of the Báb's demonstration to His guards that He could have escaped had He so wished.
  • * Báb, The (chronology); * Báb, Writings of; - Sháh; - Prime Ministers of Iran; - Prime Ministers; - Grand Viziers; Tahirih (Qurratu'l-'Ayn, Zarrín-Táj); Hájí Sulayman Khan; Hujjat; Tabríz, Iran; Zanjan, Iran; Iran
    1847 c. 1 – 17 Apr
    184-
    One night the Báb disappeared and was found the next morning on the road coming from the direction of Tihrán. A look of confidence had settled on Him and His words have a new power. [B120–1; DB228–9]
  • Had He and Bahá'u'lláh met secretly? See SLH51 para96.
  • Also see Indications in the Writings and Historical Records Relative to the Question Whether Bahá'u'lláh and the Báb Met from the Research Department of the Universal House of Justice. Also published in 'Andalib Magazine, vol. V, no. 17, pp. 20-21.
  • See DB461 where it is recorded that Bahá'u'lláh told the leading mullá in Amul that He had never met the Báb face-to-face.
  • 'Abdu'l-Bahá stated that They did not meet. [Bahá'í Org website]
  • * Báb, The (chronology); Tehran, Iran; Iran; Amul, Iran; Iran
    1847 1 Apr
    184-
    The Báb received a letter and gifts from Bahá'u'lláh in Tihrán delivered to His Hands by Mulla Muhammad-Mihdiy-i-Kandi. The letter cheered His heart, He had been despondent since His arrest and departure from Shíráz. [Bab120; DB227; GPB678] * Báb, The (chronology); Gifts; * Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; Tehran, Iran; Shíráz, Iran; Iran
    1847 Apr
    184-
    The Báb received a courteous message from the Sháh, who, on the advice of his prime minister, Hájí Mírzá Áqásí, assigned Him to the fortress of Máh-Kú in the province of Ádharbáyján. The Báb was taken to Máh-Kú via Tabríz. [Bab121–2, 124; DB229–32; GPB16; TN11–12] * Báb, The (chronology); - Sháh; Hájí Mírzá Aqasi; Fortress of Mah-Ku; * Báb, The, Basic timeline; - Basic timeline, Expanded; Mah-Ku, Iran; Azerbaijan; Tabríz, Iran; Iran
    1847 Spring - Summer
    184-
    Táhirih's activities in Iraq so alarm some Bábís of Kázimayn that they agitated against her. Siyyid `Alí Bishr wrote to the Báb in Máh-Kú on their behalf. The Báb replied praising Táhirih, causing the Kázimayn Bábís to withdraw from the Faith. [Bab163]
  • Among those Táhirih met in Baghdád was Hakím Masíh, a Jewish doctor who years later becomes the first Bahá'í of Jewish background. [Bab165]
  • Táhirih was sent back to Persia by Najíb Páshá. She was accompanied by a number of Bábís; they made a number of stops along the way, enrolling supporters for the Cause of the Báb. [Bab163–4; BBRSM216]
  • Ma'ani says Táhirih left Baghdád early in 1847.
  • In Kirand 1,200 people are reported to have volunteered to follow her. [Bab164 DB272; TN20]
  • B164 says the number is 12,000; DB272 says it was 1,200.
  • In Kirmánsháh she was respectfully received by the `ulamá. [Bab164; DB272]
  • Táhirih arrived in Hamadán. Her father had sent her brothers here to persuade her to return to her native city of Qazvín. She agreed on condition that she may remain in Hamadán long enough to tell people about the Báb. [Bab165; DB273]
  • MF180 says Táhirih remained in Hamadán for two months.
  • Tahirih (Qurratu'l-'Ayn, Zarrín-Táj); * Báb, The (chronology); Hakim Masih; Kazimayn, Baghdad, Iraq; Baghdad, Iraq; Iraq; Mah-Ku, Iran; Iran; Hamadán, Iran; Kirmánsháh, Iran First Bahá'í of Jewish background
    1847 29 Mar
    184-
    The Báb arrived in Kulayn where He stayed for 20 days. [Bab120; DB227; TN11] * Báb, The (chronology); Kulayn, Iran; Iran
    1847 28 Mar
    184-
    The Báb and His escort arrived at the fortress of Kinár-Gird, 28 miles from Tihrán. Muhammad Big, the head of the escort, received a message from Hájí Mírzá Áqásí, the prime minister, telling him to take the Báb to Kulayn to await further instructions. Bab119; DB225–6; GPB16] * Báb, The (chronology); Fortress Kinar-Gird; Fortresses, castles and palaces; Muhammad Big; Hájí Mírzá Aqasi; Tehran, Iran; Kulayn, Iran; Iran
    1847 21 Mar
    184-
    En route to Tihrán Hájí Mírzá Áqásí instructed the Báb to break His journey by stopping in the village of Káshán some 50km (31 miles) from the capital. He spent three nights in the home of Hájí Mírzá Jání, a noted resident of that city who had realized in a dream that the Báb would be his guest. After some time the Báb wrote to the Sháh requesting a meeting. Hájí Mírzá Áqási, determined that the meeting not take place, instilled fear in the sovereign and persuaded him that the best plan would be to send him to Máh-Kú. [Bab118; DB8, 217–22]
  • In Kashan at this time and a friend of Hájí Mírzá Jání, was Ahmad-i-Yazdi, the recipient of the famous Tablet from Bahá'u'lláh in 1865. He had the opportunity to spend a few hours with the Báb. [C3mTp13]
  • The Faith grew rapidly after the visit of the Báb and with it the persecution from the local authorities and from the clergy. Homes and businesses were looted and a number of followers were killed. To avoid detection Ahmad hid in a wind ventilator (a "badgir") for 40 days and nights. He was secretly fed by friends. [C3mTp13]
  • * Báb, The (chronology); Hájí Mírzá Jani; Dreams and visions; Tehran, Iran; Kashan, Iran; Iran
    1847 4 Mar
    184-
    The passing of Manúchihr Khán. His death had been predicted by the Báb 87 days earlier. The governor had made the Báb the beneficiary of his vast holdings, estimated to be 40 million francs, but his nephew Gurgín Khán appropriated everything after his death. [Bab116; DB212Note1, 213–214]
  • Before the death of Manúchihr Khán the Báb instructed His followers to disperse throughout Káshán, Qum and Tihrán. [B115; DB213–14] Gurgín Khán, in his role as the new governor, informed the Sháh that the Báb wss in Isfahán and had been sheltered by Manúchihr Khán. The Sháh ordered that the Báb be taken to Tihrán incognito. The Báb, escorted by Nusayrí horsemen, set out for Tihrán soon after midnight. [Bab116, 118; DB215–116; TN11]
  • Manuchihr Khan; In Memoriam; Births and deaths; * Báb, The (chronology); Gurgin Khan; Nusayri horsemen; Horses; Tehran, Iran; Isfahan, Iran; Iran
    1847 22 Feb
    184-
    Birth of Thornton Chase, designated the first American Bahá'í, in Springfield, Massachusetts. Thornton Chase; Births and deaths; Springfield, MA; Massachusetts, USA; United States (USA) First American Bahá'í
    1846 date uncertain
    184-
    The Sháh had already instructed the governor, Manúchihr Khán to send the Báb to Tihrán. Seeking to discredit the Báb in the eyes of the Shah, Hájí Mírzá Áqási incited the mullas of Isfahan to condemn Him. The Imám-Jum'ih, knowing that about seventy of the leading clerics of the city had signed His death warrant, he, himself refused to endorse it and fearing for the safety of the Báb, devised a scheme to have the Báb escorted from Isfahán but then secretly returned to the governor's residence. The Báb remained there for four months with only three of His followers apprised of His whereabouts. These four months have been described as having been the calmest in His Ministry. [Bab113–16; DB209–211, 213; TN9–11]

    The governor offered all of his resources to try to win the Sháh over to His Cause but the Báb declined his offer saying that the Cause will triumph through the `poor and lowly'. [Bab115–16; DB212–213]

    - Sháh; Manuchihr Khan; * Báb, The (chronology); * Báb, The, Basic timeline; - Basic timeline, Expanded; Tehran, Iran; Isfahan, Iran; Iran
    1846 Dec
    184-
    Táhirih provoked disturbances in Karbalá. Her radical interpretation of Babism and her assumption of leadership split the Bábi community between the more conservative Bábis and her own circle of devotees. [BBRSM17] Tahirih (Qurratu'l-'Ayn, Zarrín-Táj); Karbala, Iraq; Iraq
    1846 Dec
    184-
    Mullá `Alíy-i-Bastámí died in Istanbul naval dockyards. He was the first martyr of the Bábí Dispensation. [Bahá'í Encyclopedia] Mulla Ali Bastami; Persecution, Turkey; - Persecution, Deaths; - Persecution; Firsts, other; - Letters of the Living; Istanbul, Turkey; Turkey First martyr of the Bábí Dispensation
    1846 c. Nov
    184-
    Manúchihr Khán arranged a meeting between the Báb and the clerics to silence their opposition. After the encounter, about 70 of them meet and issued a death-warrant. [Bab112–13; DB205–9] Manuchihr Khan; * Báb, The (chronology); Death-warrant; Isfahan, Iran; Iran
    1846 Sep - Oct
    184-
    On His approach to Isfahan the Báb wrote to Manúchihr Khán, the governor-general of Isfahán, and asked him where He should take shelter. The governor requested that Siyyid Muhammad, the Imám-Jum`ih of Isfahán, accommodate Him. During His stay of 40 days the Báb impressed His host as well as many of the clerics. [Bab109–10, 13; DB199–202, 208]
  • See Bab108–9 for information on Manúchihr Khán.
  • It was during His six-month stay in Isfahán that the Báb took a second wife, Fátimih, the sister of a Bábí from that city. She was the sister of Mulla Rajab-`Alí Isfahání. [RB1:249]
    • She became the 6th wife of Mírzá Yahyá in 1854 - 1856. He married her in Baghdad during Bahá'u'lláh's absence in Sulaymaniyah, and divorced her about a month later, giving her in marriage to Sayyid Muhammad Isfahani. [The Cyprus Exiles by Moojan Momen] iiiii
  • See Light of the World: Selected Tablets of 'Abdu'l-Bahá Section 28 para 6 for information on this and additional marriages of Mírzá Yahyá while in Baghdad.
  • * Báb, The (chronology); Manuchihr Khan; - Governor-generals; Siyyid Muhammad (Imam-Jumih); Fatimih; Mírzá Yahya (Subh-i-Azal); Isfahan, Iran; Iran
    1846 23 – 24 Sep
    184-
    The Báb departed for Isfahán after a sojourn in Shíráz of less than 15 months. [B105–6; BBRSM216; BW18:380; TN9, SBBR1pxxviii]
  • TN9 says that the Báb left Shíráz `the morning after' the night He saved the children from cholera.
  • Bab105 says he left `in the last days of September.
  • * Báb, The (chronology); Shíráz, Iran; Isfahan, Iran; Iran
    1846 23 Sep
    184-
    Up to this point the Báb had not been critical of the civil government but considering that His denunciations of the intellectually dishonest and plundering clergy were so unrelenting, could they expect to escape His scrutiny? The governor, Husayn Khán, was thus threatened by the Báb's rising popularity and ordered His arrest. The chief constable, `Abdu'l-Hamíd Khán, took the Báb into custody and escorted Him to the governor's home but found it abandoned. He took the Báb to his own home where he learned that a cholera epidemic had swept the city and that his sons have been stricken. At the chief constable's insistence the Báb cureed the boys by requesting they drink some of the water with which He had washed His own face. `Abdu'l-Hamíd resigned his post and begged the governor to release the Báb who agreed on condition the Báb leave Shíráz. The incident proved to be Husayn Khán's undoing: the Sháh dismissed him from office shortly after. [B104–5; BBRSM55; DB194–7; DB194note1; GPB13; TN9]
  • This cholera outbreak was evidently a sign of the coming Manifestation. The outbreak raged for four years. [DB196note2)
  • See BBR170–1 and DB197 for the fate of Husayn Khán who was immediately dismissed by the Sháh.
  • DB196–7 says `Abdu'l-Hamíd Khán had only one ill son.
  • DB195Note1 gives this date as 1845. If this were the case how could the Báb have celebrated "The second Naw-Rúz after the declaration..." [DB190] MBBA165n237 says that it took place on the 10th of September 1846 and that He was in His own house at the time.
  • Husayn Khan; - Governors; * Báb, The (chronology); `Abdu'l-Hamid Khán; Epidemics; Muhammad Sháh; - Shahs; Cholera; Shíráz, Iran; Iran
    1846 (Summer)
    184-
    The Chief Constable, 'Abdu'l-Hamíd Khán, was instructed by order of the governor, Hasayn Khán, to break into the house of Hájí Mírzá Siyyid 'Alí where the Báb had been confined and to arrest Him. He and a follower were taken away along with His books and Writings. It was widely rumoured that He would be executed. He was allowed to return some time later. [LTDT14] * Báb, The (chronology); Persecution, Iran; - Persecution, Arrests; - Persecution; Shíráz, Iran; Iran
    1846 23 Jun
    184-
    Quddús met Mullá Sádiq-i-Muqaddas in Shíráz to whom he entrusted a copy of Khasá'il-i-Sab`ih (`the Seven Qualifications'). Following instructions received in a Tablet from the Báb, Mullá Sádiq sounded the call to prayer using the additional words provided by the Báb. This, along with their teaching of the Cause, provoked a public commotion. [Bab78; DB144-145; BBRSM16]
  • The governor of Fárs, Husayn Khán Nizámu'd-Dawlih, had Quddús, Mullá Sádiq-i-Khurásání, Mullá `Alí-Akbar-i-Ardistání and Mullá Abú-Tálib arrested, tortured and expelled from Shíráz. [Bab78; BBR69; BW18:380; DB145–148; GPB11, BBR1pxxviii]
  • The governor's punishment was particularly cruel. He commanded that the beards of both Quddús and Mullá Sádiq be burned, their noses pierced and that a cord should be passed which and used to led them through the city. The men were then beaten. Mullá Sádiq was a frail man of about 50 years but in spite of this took some 900 strokes and still remained calm and serene. When questioned later he said the first seven lashes were severely painful but then he became indifferent to the rest. It was as though the strokes were not being applied to his own body. [DB146-148]
  • The London Times of November 1st and November 19, 1845 reported that this took place on the 23rd of June. As far as can be determined, this is the first reporting of the Bábi Faith in the West. The story would have been picked up by other Western newspapers and publications and given extensive coverage. [Bab76, BBR1p69, 82]
  • Note: Bab78 says that Mullá Abú-Tálib was not among the group. DB145 says that only Mulla Husayn and Mulla Sádiq were arrested.
  • Note: DB146 note2 says "According to A. L. M. Nicolas' "Siyyid 'Alí-Muhammad dit le Báb" (footnote 175, p. 225), this meeting took place on August 6, 1845 A.D."
  • Upon departing Shíráz Quddús made his way to Kirmán to interview Hájí Mírzá Karím Khán. The ambitious and seditious Karím Khán remained unconvinced buy Quddús had earned an ally in his host during his stay in Kirmán, Hájí Siyyid Javád, someone he had known from his day in Karbilá. From Kirmán Quddús travelled to Yazd and then to Ardikán, Náyin, Ardistán, Isfáhán, Káshán, Qum and to Tihrán. There he met with Bahá'u'lláh and after which proceeded to Mázindarán and to his native town of Bárfurúsh where he lived in the home of his father for two years. [DB180-183]
  • Mullá Sádiq travelled to Yazd with the intention of spreading news of the Cause among the 'ulamás of that province. There they encountered opposition from Hájí Mírzá Karím Khán. [DB180, 183-187]
  • Mullá Sádiq and Mullá Yúsuf-i-Ardibílí moved on to Kirmán where they received the same treatment then they travelled to Khurásán {DB187-188]
  • - Governors; Husayn Khan; Quddus; Ismullahul-Asdaq (Mulla Sadiq Khurasani); Mullá `Alí-Akbar-i-Ardistání; Mulla Abu-Talib; Husayn Khan; Persecution, Iran; - Persecution, Arrests; - Persecution; Fars, Iran; Shíráz, Iran; Iran first to be persecuted on Persian soil; first appearance of news of the Babi faith in the West.
    1846 (After Naw-Ruz)
    184-
    After the Báb left Shiraz, His wife, Khadijih Bagum, mother, Fatimah Bagum, maternal grandmother, Zahra Bagum, as well as Ethiopian servants Mubarak, and maidservant Fiddih were living in the Sacred House. [MBBA167] Báb, House of (Shiraz); Fatimih Bagum; Khadijih Bagum (wife of the Báb); Zahra Bagum; Mubarak; Fiddih; Shíráz, Iran; Iran
    1846 19 Mar
    184-
    The Báb bequeathed all His possessions to His mother and His wife and revealed a special prayer for His wife to help her in times of sorrow. He told His wife of His impending martyrdom. He moved to the house of His uncle Hájí Mírzá Siyyid `Alí. He told the Bábís in Shíráz to go to Isfahán. [GPB14; KB21–2; TB103–5, LTDT13; DB190-192]
  • See KBWB.
  • * Báb, The (chronology); Báb, Family of; Prayer; Hájí Mírzá Siyyid Ali; Shíráz, Iran; Isfahan, Iran; Iran
    1846 (In the year)
    184-
    Táhirih was sent back to Baghdád from Karbalá. She was lodged first in the house of Shaykh Muhammad Shíbl and then in the house of the Muftí of Baghdád where she stayed for three months. During her time in Iraq she enlisted a considerable number of followers and made a number of enemies among the clergy [Bab162; DB81note2; 271]

    Among those attracted was the personal court physician during the Qájár Dynasty, Hakím Masíh, who first learned about the Faith when he was accompanying Muhammad Sháh to Karbila. While en route he encountered Tahirih in Baghdad, who was giving a lecture. He also met with her personally and observed her interactions with the divines. Years later he was called upon to treat a child, Ibn -I-Asdaq, who, with his father Ismu'lláhu'l-Asdaq, were chained together in the Siyáh-Chál for two years and four months. For a period of two months he visited the child regularly and learned more of the Faith from his father. Hakím Masíh taught the Faith to his family and this was the start of the Jewish conversion in Hamadán and Káshan. He was favoured by a number of tablets from Bahá'u'llah and his youngest grandson, Dr Lutfu'lláh h Hakím served the Master as well as Shoghi Effendi and was elected to the first Universal House of Justice in 1963. [Rob3p265-268]

    Tahirih (Qurratu'l-'Ayn, Zarrín-Táj); Baghdad, Iraq; Karbala, Iraq; Iraq the first Jewish Baha'i in Iran
    1846 (In the year)
    184-
    The birth of Bahíyyih Khánum, the Greatest Holy Leaf, eldest daughter of Bahá'u'lláh and Navváb, and sister of `Abdu'l-Bahá, in Tihrán. She was later designated by Shoghi Effendi `the outstanding heroine of the Bahá'í Dispensation'. [BBD42; GPB108]
  • For a description of her nature see BK42–3.
  • Bahiyyih Khanum (Greatest Holy Leaf); Navvab (Asiyih Khanum); Births and deaths; Tehran, Iran; Iran
    1845 30 Dec
    184-
    The Báb's birthday fell on the first day of the mourning observance for the Imám Husayn. Táhirih, who was in Karbalá with the widow of Siyyid Kázim-i-Rashtí, instructed her relatives and the Bábís to dress in bright clothing and joyously celebrate the Báb's birth. This caused a considerable disturbance, even among the Bábís. Táhirih was arrested and expelled from the city. [RR305, SA217] Tahirih (Qurratu'l-'Ayn, Zarrín-Táj); Persecution, Iraq; - Persecution, Arrests; - Persecution; Karbala, Iraq; Iraq
    1845 1 Nov
    184-
    The Times of London carried an item on the arrest and torture of Quddús, Mullá Sádiq-i-Khurásání, Mullá `Alí-Akbar-i-Ardistání and Mullá Abú-Tálib in Shíráz in June. This was the first known printed reference to the Revelation in the Western press. A similar article was reprinted on 19 November. [First newspaper story of the events of the Bábí Faith compiled by Steven Kolins; B76–7; BBR4, 69]
  • See In was in the news.... In this blog by SMK, he has provided an extensive list of English newspaper articles on the persecution of the Báb and the Bábís in 1845 and 1846.
  • Quddus; Ismullahul-Asdaq (Mulla Sadiq Khurasani); Mullá `Alí-Akbar-i-Ardistání; Mulla Abu-Talib; Times (newspaper); Newspaper articles; Firsts, other; Mentions; First mentions; Bábísm, Early Western Accounts of; Shíráz, Iran; Iran; London, England; United Kingdom; Newspapers First known published reference to The Báb.
    1845 Jul (and months following)
    184-
    The Báb was released to the custody of His uncle, Hájí Mírzá Siyyid 'Alí. [DB151, LTDT13]
  • Báb was asked by Mírzá Abu'l-Qásim to attend a Friday gathering at the Mosque of Vakíl to appease the hostility and the curiosity of some of the residents of Shíráz and to clarify His position. The exact date of His attendance is unknown. He made a public pronouncement that He was neither the representative of the Hidden Imám nor the gate to him, that is, His station was higher. Many of those who witnessed His address became partisans. [Bab94–8; DB153–157]
  • see DB152 for pictures of the above mosque.
  • This time has been described by Shoghi Effendi as the `most fecund period' of the Báb's ministry. It marks the birth of the Bábí community. [Bab89–90]
  • During this time He was asked to speak in mosques and in colleges and He addressed gatherings in His home. The clergy sent their most able mullas to refute and humiliate Him without success. He never attacked the government or Islam but rather called out the corrupt clergy and the abuses of all classes of society. His fame and acceptance among the population grew. [DB157note1]
  • A considerable number of the Báb's followers had congregated in Isfahan at His instruction when He informed them He would not go to Karbilá when He returned from Mecca as He had previously stated. Upon hearing the news of the confinement of the Báb, Mullá Husayn and his companions, his brother and nephew, left Isfahán where they have been awaiting further instructions. They travelled to Shíráz in disguise. Mullá Husayn was able to meet secretly with the Báb several times in the house of His uncle. The Báb sent word to the remainder of His followers in Isfahán to leave and to travel to Shíráz in small, inconspicuous numbers. Among those gathered were some who were jealous of Múllá Husayn and the attention he received from the Báb. They threw their lot in with the detractors and were eventually expelled from the city for the unrest they caused. [DB160-162; Bab102–3; MH128–9]
  • After a time the presence of Mullá Husayn in Shíráz threatened to cause civil unrest. The Báb instructed him to go to Khurásán via Yazd and Kirmán and told the rest of the companions to return to Isfahán. He retained Mullá 'Abdu'l-Karím to transcribe His Writings. [Bab90, 102–3; DB170; MH130]
  • The Sháh sent one of the most learned men in Persia, Siyyid Yahyáy-i-Dárábí, (a town near Nayriz) surnamed Vahíd, (the peerless one) to investigate the claims of the Báb. He became an adherent of the Cause of the Báb. To him He revealed some 2,000 verses at one sitting of five hours and among the the Surih of Kawthar. Vahíd and 'Abdu'l-Karím spent three days and three nights transcribing this Tablet. Siyyid Yahyáy-i-Dárábí wrote to the Sháh and resigned his post. On the instructions of the Báb he journeyed home to acquaint his father with the new Message. As a result of his conversion most of the inhabitants of the town of Nayríz later became Bábís. [Bab90–4; BBD216; BBRSM41; CH21; DB171–7; GPB11–12; TN7–8; DB171-172note 2; Tablet of Patience (Surih Íabr): Declaration of Bahá'u'lláh and Selected Topics by Foad Seddigh p370; RoB1p325-331] iiiii
    • See as well Light of Faith: A collection of stories by Paris Sadeghzadeh and Behnam Golmohammadi p34-37.
  • Another learned scholar, Muhammad-`Alíy-i-Zanjání, surnamed Hujjat, became a believer after reading only one page of the Qayyúmu'l-Asmá'. Several thousand of his fellow townspeople in Zanján became Bábís. [Bab100–2; BBD111; BBRSM16; GPB12; DB177-179]
  • Mírzá Ahmad-i-Azghandí, yet another learned man, who had compiled traditions and prophecies concerning the expected Revelation, became a believer as well. [GPB12–13]
  • * Báb, The (chronology); Vakil Mosque; Mosques; Mulla Husayn; Báb, Family of; Muhammad Sháh; - Shahs; Vahid (Siyyid Yahyay-i-Darabi); Hujjat; Qayyumul-Asma (book); Mírzá Ahmad-i-Azghandi; Tahirih (Qurratu'l-'Ayn, Zarrín-Táj); Mírzá Ahmad-i-Azghandi; Mírzá `Abdu'l-Karim Qazvini; Shíráz, Iran; Isfahan, Iran; Khurásán, Iran; Yazd, Iran; Kirman, Iran; Nayriz, Iran; Iran; Karbala, Iraq; Iraq
    1845 July and months following
    184-
    In Karbalá Táhirih revived the remnant of the Bábí community. She was considered a part of the radical element of Shaykhí Bábís because she believed that the Shaykhí tradition had been abrogated by the new Revelation. The new Bábí movement caused the Shaykhí leaders to unite in their opposition to the Báb and to redefine the nature of the school, toning down its more controversial teachings and moving back towards mainstream Shí`ísm. [BBRSM16–18] Tahirih (Qurratu'l-'Ayn, Zarrín-Táj); Shaykhism; Karbala, Iraq; Iraq
    1845 c. 7 Jul
    184-
    The Báb arrived in Shíráz.
  • Note: Other estimates for the time of His arrival in Shíráz are from about the 8th to 16th of August based on the fact that Husayn Khán ordered His arrest after the beating of Mullá Sádiq and Quddús. "According to A. L. M. Nicolas' "Siyyid 'Alí-Muhammad dit le Báb" (footnote 175, p. 225), this meeting took place on August 6, 1845 A.D." [DB146n2]
  • Bab105 says it must have taken the Báb another week at least to reach Shíráz;
  • SBBH1:24 says He arrived in Shíráz in early July.
  • Upon arrival in Shíráz the Báb was taken to the governor who publicly interrogated Him, rebuked Him and ordered his attendant to strike Him across the face. He was struck such a violent blow that His turban fell to the ground. Due to the intervention of Shay Abú-Turáb, the head ímam of the region He was released into the custody of His maternal uncle Hájí Mírzá Siyyid `Alí. [Bab85–9; BBRSM216; DB150–1; GPB11]
  • Note: DB155 states that after He was released and "regained His home" He was able to celebrate Naw-Rúz that fell on 10 Rabí'u'l-Avval, 1261 (19 March, 1945). This is an error. GPB11 says He was able to "celebrate the Naw-Rúz of that and the succeeding year in an atmosphere of relative tranquillity in the company of His mother, His wife and His uncle.'' This too appears to be in error. If He left Shíráz in September of 1846 He would not have been present In March of 1847.
  • Three of the divines of Shíráz passed a verdict of death upon The Báb. But for the intercession of Zahrá Bagum, the sister of the wife of The Báb, Khadíjih-Bagum, the mother of The Báb, Fátimih Bagum, with Shay Abú-Turáb, the Imám-Jum'ih of Shíráz, the Báb would have been executed. [LTDT12]
  • * Báb, The (chronology); Báb, Family of; Báb, Uncles of; - Uncles; Hájí Mírzá Siyyid Ali; * Báb, The, Basic timeline; - Basic timeline, Expanded; Shíráz, Iran; Iran
    1845 c. July
    184-
    Karím Khán wrote a number of refutations of the Báb. The first, Isháqu'l-Bátil (The Crushing of Falsehood) was published in July. This caused some Bábís to dissociate themselves from Shaykhism. [BBRSM17–18] Hájí Mulla Muhammad Karim Khan Kirmani; Shaykhism; Kirman, Iran; Iran
    1845 c. July
    184-
    In Kirmán, Karím Khán, the self-appointed leading Shaykhí cleric, had a number of Bábís expelled from the city. [BBRSM17–18] Hájí Mulla Muhammad Karim Khan Kirmani; Shaykhism; Kirman, Iran; Iran
    1845 30 Jun
    184-
    At Dálakí, some 40 miles northeast of the Búshíhr, the Báb met the soldiers of the governor of Fárs who had been sent to arrest Him. He was escorted to Shíráz. [Bab84, 105; BBR170; BBRSM216; DB148–9; GPB11; TN6, SBBH1pxxv111; The Genesis of the Bábi-Bahá'í Faiths in Shíráz and Fárs p35-36 by A. Rabbani]
  • DB150 says the Báb travelled `free and unfettered', `before His escort'.
  • BBRSM16 implies the Báb returned to Shíráz by Himself in July and that He was placed under house arrest upon arrival.
  • * Báb, The (chronology); Persecution, Iran; - Persecution, Arrests; - Persecution; Dalaki, Iran; Fars, Iran; Shíráz, Iran; Iran
    1845 28 Jun
    184-
    Prince Dolgorukov was appointed Russian ambassador to Tihrán. He was previously first secretary of the Russian legation at Constantinople. He arrived in Tihrán in January 1846.
  • See Conspiracies and Forgeries: The Attack upon the Bahá'í Community in Iran by Moojan Momen where it says "Prince Dolgoruki....was Russian Minister in Tehran from 1845 to 1854".
  • Prince Dolgorukov; - Ambassadors; History (general); Iran, General history; Istanbul, Turkey; Turkey; Tehran, Iran; Iran; Russia
    1845 c. Jun
    184-
    After expelling Mullá Husayn and Mullá Sádiq the governor of Fárs, Hasayn Khán-i-Irváni ordered that the Báb, the instigator of the commotion, be arrested and brought to Shíráz. [Bab84; BW18:380; DB148–50; GPB11] - Governors; Husayn Khan; Quddus; Ismullahul-Asdaq (Mulla Sadiq Khurasani); Persecution, Iran; - Persecution, Arrests; - Persecution; * Báb, The (chronology); - Persecution; Bushihr, Iran; Shíráz, Iran; Iran First person to rise against the Báb was Hasayn Khán-i-Irváni, the governor of Fars
    1845 c. 16 Apr
    184-
    Mullá `Alíy-i-Bastámí was removed from his prison cell in Baghdád and taken to Istanbul, where he was sentenced to hard labour in the imperial naval dockyard. Mulla Ali Bastami; Persecution, Iraq; Persecution, Turkey; - Persecution, Arrests; - Persecution; Istanbul, Turkey; Turkey; Baghdad, Iraq; Iraq
    1845 Feb - Mar
    184-
    The Báb returned to Búshihr. He sent Quddús to Shíráz with a letter addressed to His uncle Hájí Mírzá Siyyid `Alí who, upon receiving it, embraced his Nephew's Cause, the first, after the Letters of the Living, to do so in Shíráz. The Báb also entrusted Quddús with a treatise for him entitled Khasá'il-i-Sab`ih (`the Seven Qualifications') and promised him his impending martyrdom. Later he gave his life as one of the Seven Martyrs of Tehran, see 1850 19 or 20 Feb. [Bab77–8; DB142–3; MS2, GPB9-10]
  • To the departing Quddus He promised intense suffering in Shíráz and eventual martyrdom. [DB142-143]
  • Bab77 and GPB10 say the Báb arrived in Búshihr in February - March.
  • SSBH1p23 and BBRSM216 say 15 May, 1845.
  • Before leaving on pilgrimage the Báb had stated that He would return to Karbalá and asked His followers to congregate there. An explanation in part for the large following that had gathered there is the messianic expectation associated with the year 1261, a thousand years after the Twelfth Imám's disappearance in 260 A.H.. This gathering was perceived as a threat by the authorities. [BBRSM15, 45, 216; DB157–8; SBBH1p23, 32]
  • The Báb changed His plan to meet His followers in Karbalá and instructed them to go to Isfahán instead. A number abandon Him, regarding this as badá', `alteration of divine will'. [BBRSM16; DB158; MH125; SBBH23]
  • Some speculate that He did not go to Karbalá to avoid conflict and sedition. Many Bábís had gone to Karbalá armed in preparation for holy war, `jihád'. [BBRSM21–2; SBBH1:23]
  • * Báb, The (chronology); Báb, Pilgrimage of; Báb, Family of; Báb, Uncles of; - Uncles; Quddus; Hájí Mírzá Siyyid Ali; Dhasail-i-Sabih (Seven Qualifications); Persecution, Iran; - Persecution, Deaths; - Persecution; First believers; * Báb, Writings of; Bushihr, Iran; Iran; Shíráz, Iran first to embrace the Cause after the Letters of the Living.
    1845 27 Feb
    184-
    The Báb left Jiddah. [MS2]
  • He disembarked at Muscat and remained there for two months, awaiting news of the outcome of Mullá `Alíy-i-Bastámí's trial. [MS2]
  • He sent a letter to the Imám of Muscat. [MS2]
  • SBBH23 and The Genesis of the Bábi-Bahá'í Faiths in Shíráz and Fárs p35 by A. Rabbani] say the ship with the Báb left Jiddah on the 4th of March.
  • * Báb, The (chronology); Báb, Pilgrimage of; Mulla Ali Bastami; Trials; * Báb, Writings of; Imam of Muscat; Court cases; - Persecution, Court cases; Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Saudi Arabia; Muscat, Oman; Oman
    1845 12 Feb
    184-
    The Báb left Medina for Jiddah arriving on the 24th of February. [MS2; The Genesis of the Bábi-Bahá'í Faiths in Shíráz and Fárs p35 by A. Rabbani] * Báb, The (chronology); Báb, Pilgrimage of; Medina, Saudi Arabia; Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Saudi Arabia
    1845 16 Jan
    184-
    The Báb arrived in Medina from Mecca.
  • DB140 says He arrived January 10, 1845.
  • He stayed for 27 days. [MS2] From there He proceeded to Jiddah where He took a boat bound for Búshihr. [Bab75]
  • * Báb, The (chronology); Báb, Pilgrimage of; Epistle between Two Shrines; Medina, Saudi Arabia; Mecca, Saudi Arabia; Saudi Arabia
    1845 13 Jan
    184-
    The trial of Mullá `Alíy-i-Bastámí in Baghdád. A fatwá is issued in Baghdád against both Mullá `Alíy-i-Bastámí and the Báb, condemning the Báb, who is unnamed in the fatwá, to death as an unbeliever. [Bab64; BBRSM15, 215; SBBH21, 22] Trials; Mulla Ali Bastami; Fatwa; Persecution, Iraq; - Persecution, Court cases; - Persecution; Court cases; Baghdad, Iraq; Iraq
    1845 10 Jan
    184-
    The beginning of the Islamic new year. Messianic fervour grew, particularly among Shaykhís. [BBRSM15] Prophecies; Shaykhism; - Islam; Interfaith dialogue; - Middle East; Iran; Iraq
    1845 7 Jan
    184-
    The Báb departed Mecca. [The Genesis of the Bábi-Bahá'í Faiths in Shíráz and Fárs p35 by A. Rabbani] * Báb, The (chronology); Báb, Pilgrimage of; Mecca, Saudi Arabia
    1845 c. Jan
    184-
    Crowds gathered in Karbalá in response to the Báb's summons, among them was Táhirih. [BabI62; BBRSM15, 215; SBBH1:22] * Báb, The (chronology); Tahirih (Qurratu'l-'Ayn, Zarrín-Táj); Karbala, Iraq; Iraq
    1844 20 - 21 Dec
    184-
    The Báb offered 19 lambs as a sacrifice in the prescribed manner, nine in His own name, seven in the name of Quddús and three in the name of Mubarak, His Ethiopian servant, distributing the meat to the poor and needy. [B71; DB133] * Báb, The (chronology); Báb, Pilgrimage of; Quddus; Mubarak; Mecca, Saudi Arabia; Saudi Arabia
    1844 c. 20 Dec
    184-
    The Báb made a declaration of His mission by standing at the Ka`bih, holding the ring of the door and repeating three times that He is the Qá'im.
  • On the last day of His pilgrimage, the 24th of December, He made an open challenge to Mírzá Muhammad-Husayn-i-Kirmání, known as Muhít, of the Shaykhí school promising him that He would answer any questions he might pose on the condition that he either refute His Cause or bear allegiance to it. He fled for Medina before honouring his promise to submit questions. The Báb, while in transit to Medina, wrote a reply to the questions which had perplexed Mírzá Muhít (The Epistle between the Two Shrines) and had it delivered to him in Karbilá. He remained unmoved by the precepts inculcated, his attitude to the Faith was one of concealed and persistent opposition. [DB137-138; SBBR5p103-104; Bab73–4; The Genesis of the Bábi-Bahá'í Faiths in Shíráz and Fárs p35 by A. Rabbani]
  • See DB137-138 for Mírzá Muhít's dealings with Bahá'u'lláh.
  • The Báb sent Quddus with an invitation to the Sharíf of Mecca acquainting him with the new Revelation. The Sharíf was too busy to respond. Years later he recognized his error in ignoring the epistle. [B71-74; BW12:89; DB138-140; GPB9, 89] iiiii
  • * Báb, The (chronology); Báb, Pilgrimage of; Kaaba (Mecca); Qaim; Mírzá Muhammad-Husayn-i-Kirmani (Muhit); Mírzá Muhit; Shaykhism; Sharif of Mecca; * Báb, The, Basic timeline; - Basic timeline, Expanded; * Báb, Writings of; Mecca, Saudi Arabia; Saudi Arabia
    1844 12 Dec
    184-
    The Báb arrived in Mecca and performed the rites of pilgrimage in company with 100,000 other pilgrims. [GPB9]
  • See Bab70 and SA107-8 for the timing, rites and significance of the pilgrimage.
  • * Báb, The (chronology); Báb, Pilgrimage of; * Báb, The, Basic timeline; - Basic timeline, Expanded; Mecca, Saudi Arabia; Saudi Arabia
    1844 c. Dec
    184-
    The Báb and His companions arrived in Jiddah after a rough sea voyage of two months. There they put on the garb of the pilgrim and proceed to Mecca by camel. [Bab71; DB129, 132]
  • See Bab69–71 and DB130–1 for a description of the voyage.
  • Quddús walked from Jiddah to Mecca. [Bab71, DB132, GPB9]
  • See DB132 for the story of the theft of his saddlebag by a Bedouin.
  • * Báb, The (chronology); Báb, Pilgrimage of; Quddus; Ships; Camels; Saddlebag (novel); - Missing, lost or destroyed Writings; Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Saudi Arabia; Mecca, Saudi Arabia; Saudi Arabia
    1844 (In the year)
    184-
    A senior cleric, a convert to the new faith of the Báb, arrived in Yemen through the then internationally renowned Al-Mokha port. [Arab News 20/11/2020] Yemen
    1844 2 or 3 Oct
    184-
    The Báb departed from Búshihr on His pilgrimage. [Bab57; MH119, 121, GPB9]
  • He instructed His followers to await His arrival in Karbalá. [DB86, 87; MH122; SBBH1:23]
  • He had been awaiting the letter from Mullá Husayn before starting on His pilgrimage. [DB123; MH117]
  • The vessel taking the Báb to Jiddah was probably the Arab sailing-boat named Futúh-ar-Ras`ul. [Bab69]
  • He joined the company of a group of pilgrims from Fárs. [DB76-77]
  • It was slow, stormy and unsteady sailing and the passengers were in constant dispute amongst themselves. [DB129note2]
  • The Báb, recognizing the difficulty in sea-travel, prayered that conditions might be improved. Nabil noted on page 131 "Within a short space of time, since that prayer was offered, maritime transport have greatly multiplied, and the Persian gulf, which in those days hardly possessed a single steam-driven vessel, now boast a fleet of ocean liners...". He goes on to attribute the Industrial Revolution to the impulse of the Revelation.
  • After twelve days the vessel made a rest-stop in Mascate for several days. The Báb attempted to convert a religious man of high rank but was unsuccessful. [DB129note2; [DB130note1]
  • * Báb, The (chronology); Báb, Pilgrimage of; Mulla Husayn; Ships; Industrial Revolution; Karbala, Iraq; Iraq; Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Saudi Arabia; Muscat, Oman
    1844 Oct
    184-
    Pigrimage of the Báb

    The Báb, Quddús (Hájí Mullá Muhammad-`Alíy-i-Barfurúshí) and the Báb's Ethiopian servant, Mubarak, left Shíráz for Búshihr en route to Mecca. The journey took ten days. [Bab57; DB129; MH119]
  • DB129 says He left Shíráz during the month of Shavvál, 1260 (14 October to 11 November, 1844).
  • SBBH1 xxviii shows the departure date as 12 November, 1844.
  • Balyuzi, Bab57 says "in the month of September.
  • The Genesis of the Bábi-Bahá'í Faiths in Shíráz and Fárs p35 by A. Rabbani says He left port on the 2nd of October.
  • * Báb, The (chronology); Báb, Pilgrimage of; Quddus; Servants; Mubarak; - Letters of the Living; * Báb, The, Basic timeline; - Basic timeline, Expanded; Iran; Saudi Arabia; Shíráz, Iran; Bushihr, Iran; Mecca, Saudi Arabia
    1844 30 Sep
    184-
    The Báb received the letter from Mullá Husayn giving Him details of his journey and meeting with Bahá'u'lláh and others he had contacted. See DB126-128 for information on the letter and the affect it had on the Báb.
  • Nabíl indicated that the Báb received the letter on 9 October (26 Ramadan) and that it was a deciding factor in His decision to undertake the pilgrimage. [DB126–7, 129]
  • Balyuzi says soon after the Báb received the letter, `in the month of September' He left Shíráz'. [Bab57]
  • GPB8-9 says He received the letter in the month of Sha'bán, 1260 (16 August to 13 September, 1844).
  • See MH119 where the author speculates that if the letter arrived on 16 Ramadan (29 September) and the Báb departed from the port of Búshihr on the 19th of Ramadan (2 October, 1844), He had to have been in Búshihr when He received the letter. IIII
  • * Báb, The (chronology); Báb, Pilgrimage of; Mulla Husayn; * Bahaullah (chronology); - Letters of the Living; Shíráz, Iran; Bushihr, Iran; Iran
    1844 10 Sep
    184-
    The Báb left Shiraz for Bushihr and arrived on the 19th of September. [The Genesis of the Bábi-Bahá'í Faiths in Shíráz and Fárs p35 by A. Rabbani] * Báb, The (chronology); Báb, Pilgrimage of; Shíráz, Iran; Bushihr, Iran
    1844 11 Aug
    184-
    The Báb sent Mullá `Alíy-i-Bastámí to Najaf and Karbalá to proclaim His Cause among the Shaykhís. In Najaf Mullá `Alí delivered a letter from the Báb to Shaykh Muhammad-Hasan Najafí, the leading Shí`í divine and the keeper of the shrines in Iraq. [BBRSM15; DB87-91; SBBH20–1, HotD46]
  • The Shaykh's rejection of the claim led to a violent debate. Mullá `Alí was taken to Baghdád and imprisoned there. After a public trial, a joint tribunal of Sunní and Shí`í `ulamá, he was sent to Istanbul. He was the first martyr of the Bábí Dispensation. It is significant that Mullá Hasan Gawhar, a leading figure of the Shaykhí school, participated in the condemnation as it marks the first major challenge to Bábism from a Shaykhí leader. [Bab27, 37–8, 58; BBR83–90; BBRSM17; BKG31; DB90–2; MMBA, BBR2p17, GPB10]
  • * Báb, The (chronology); Mulla Ali Bastami; Ulama; Persecution, Iraq; - Persecution, Arrests; - Persecution, Deaths; - Persecution; Shaykhism; Firsts, other; Trials; Court cases; - Persecution, Court cases; - Letters of the Living; Istanbul, Turkey; Turkey; Iraq; Baghdad, Iraq; Najaf, Iran; Karbala, Iraq First martyr of the Bábí Dispensation; first major challenge to Babism from a Shaykhí leader
    1844 Jul - Aug
    184-
    To promote the Cause of the Báb, Bahá'u'lláh immediately journeyed to the village of Tákur in the province of Mázindarán, His native province. As a result Mázindarán in general and Núr in particular were the first among the provinces and districts of Persia to embrace the new Cause. [DB109-117] * Bahaullah (chronology); * Bahá'u'lláh, Basic timeline; - Basic timeline, Expanded; Takur, Iran; Iran first provinces and districts of Persia to embrace the Cause of the Bab.
    1844 Jul - Aug
    184-
    The intention of the Báb was to introduce the new Revelation slowly so as not to cause estrangement. He instructed the Letters of the Living to spread out and teach His Faith and to this end He assigned each one a special task, most often to their own native provinces. This is analogous to Christ's instructions to His disciples. He instructed them to record the name of every believer who embraced the Faith and to send their lists to His uncle, Hájí Mírzá 'Alí in Shíráz in a sealed envelope. His intention was to classify these lists once received into 18 sets of names with 19 names each (one Vahid meaning "Unity"). A list with the names of 18 Letters of the Living plus His own name would constitute the 19th set making one Kull-i-Shay (meaning "all things" with a value of 361). Thus fourteen Letters of the Living were dispatched; only Mullá Husayn and Quddús remained with Him. [BBRSM14–16, 36; SWB119; BBR2p36; DB92–4, 123; MH82–6; SBBH1:19]
  • To Mullá Husayn He had given the task of delivering a Tablet to Bahá'u'lláh in Tihrán and going to the court of the Sháh to apprise him of the Báb's cause. Mullá Husayn was not able to gain access to the Sháh. [B48–57; BBRSM15 BKG32–3; CH22–3; DB85-87, 96, 97; MH90–2, 102] He was also directed to send Him a written report on the nature and progress of his activities in Isfáhán, Tehran and in Khurásán. Not until He received this letter from Khurásán would He depart on pilgrimage. [DB123]
  • Mullá Husayn carried a Tablet revealed by the Báb for Muhammad Sháh to Tihrán . This was the first of a number of unsuccessful attempts to make him aware of the Revelation. [BBRSM20–1; MH102; SWB13]
  • Note: MH118-119 and DB127-128 indicate that Mullá Husayn had been in Tehran "between the months of Jámádí and Rajab". The first day of Jámádí, 1260 corresponds to 18 June, and the last day of Rajab to 15 August, 1844.
  • See RB2:303, `The Báb … sent Tablets to only two monarchs of His day — Muhammad Sháh of Persia and Sultán `Abdu'l-Majíd of Turkey.'
  • From Shiraz Mullá Husayn journeyed north to Isfahán where his message was rejected by the 'ulamás. Mullá Ja'far, the sifter of wheat, was the first and only one to embrace the Cause of the Báb in that city. There was however, a disciple of Siyyid Kazim, Mírzá Muhammad-'Alíy-i-Nahrí, who had been instructed to go to Isfahan some five years earlier to prepare the way for the advent of the new Revelation, who was receptive to the message of Mulla Husayn. He was instructed to go to Kirmán and acquaint Hájí Mírzá Karím Khán with the Message and then to travel to Shiraz. (This man's daughter was subsequently joined in wedlock with 'Abdu'l-Bahá.)[DB100]
  • Mullá Husayn then traveled to Káshán, about 130 miles from Isfahán. He had great success in that city but news of his conversion brought the wrath of the official clergy down upon him. [DB101note1; DB123-125]
  • He then went to Qum, another 100 miles from Káshán where he met with no success. After Qum he went to Tihrán. [MH98–101, DB101]
  • In Tihrán he took residence in a madrisih and first met with the leader of the shaykhí community, Hájí Mírzá Muhammad, but he failed to win him over. He did, however, manage to convince a number of souls in private conversations. [DB103note1] This same reference seems to indicate that his well-wishers assisted in delivering the Tablet to Muhammad Sháh and his minister, Hájí Mírzá Àqásí but they did not receive it. " the book was not submitted to thy presence, through the intervention of such as regard themselves the well-wishers of the government." [Selections from the Writings of the Báb page 13]
  • See Bab53–6; DB104–7, MH104–110 for the delivery of the Báb's Tablet to Bahá'u'lláh by the young student, Mullá Huhammad-i-Mu'allim, a native of Núr. Mullá Husayn did not meet Bahá'u'lláh on this occasion.
  • On receiving the Tablet of the Báb, Bahá'u'lláh accepted His Cause and asked that a gift of a loaf of Russian sugar and a package of tea be given to Mulla Husayn for delivery to the Báb. [DB106-107] See DB123-125 for his activities in Khán.
  • Mullá Husayn left for Khurásán, as he had been instructed, winning supporters for the Báb's Cause while there he wrote to the Báb regarding these new believers and Bahá'u'lláh's immediate response to the Báb's Revelation. [Bab56, DB128–9, MH118]
  • After Khurásán he travelled to Najaf and Karbilá where he was to wait for further instructions from the Báb. [DB86]
  • See MH121–2 for a discussion of the speed of Mullá Husayn's journey before the letter was dispatched to the Báb. It assumes that Mullá Husayn departed after the Báb met with all the Letters of the Living (date not before 2 July, 1844.) In fact both Mullá Husayn and Mullá 'Alíy-Bastámí had been dispatched before this meeting. [DB85-86, 92, HotD46]
  • * Báb, The (chronology); * Báb, Writings of; Báb, Speech to the Letters of the Living; - Letters of the Living; Mulla Husayn; * Bahaullah (chronology); Tablet to Bahá'u'lláh; - Shahs; Mulla Jafar (sifter of wheat); Muhammad Sháh; Sultán `Abdu'l-Majid; First believers; - Letters of the Living; * Báb, The, Basic timeline; * Bahá'u'lláh, Basic timeline; - Basic timeline, Expanded; Kull-i-Shay; Kashan, Iran; Shíráz, Iran; Isfahan, Iran; Tehran, Iran; Mazandaran, Iran; Khurásán, Iran; Qom, Iran; Iran; Turkey First to embrace the Cause of the Báb in the city of Isfahán; first of a number of unsuccessful attempts to enlist aid of Muhammad Sháh
    1844 Jul - Aug
    184-
    Forty days after the Declaration of the Báb, the second Letter of the Living, Mullá `Alíy-i-Bastámí, had a vision that led him to Mullá Husayn and he accepted the Báb. During this period of waiting for the second person to recognize the Báb, He called Mulla Husayn to His house several times. He always came at night and stayed until dawn. [HotD41; Bahá'í Encyclopedia].
  • Sixteen others recognized Siyyid `Alí-Muhammad as the Promised One. The 18 were later designated `Letters of the Living'. [BBD138, B21–7; DB63–71, 80–2; MH73–81, MH121, SBBH1:16–17, GPB7-8]
  • See RB2:145–6 for the fate of the Letters of the Living.
  • See Bab26–7, BBD138, DB80–1, MH81 ; Letters of the Living (Hurúf-i-Hayy) for a list of the Letters of the Living.
  • See BBRSM24–5 for more on the Letters of the Living.
  • See BBRSM24–5 for a discussion of the special places occupied by Quddús, Mullá Husayn and Táhirih. See DB81-82 for the story of how Tahirih was recognized as a Letter of the Living by the Báb.
  • The Báb was the 19th Letter of the Living. [LW5.2]
  • * Báb, The (chronology); Báb, Declaration of; Mulla Ali Bastami; Dreams and visions; Mulla Husayn; - Letters of the Living; Quddus; Tahirih (Qurratu'l-'Ayn, Zarrín-Táj); * Báb, The, Basic timeline; - Basic timeline, Expanded; Iran
    1844 24 May
    184-
    F.B. Morse sent the first telegraphic message over an experimental line from Washington D.C. to Baltimore; the message said: "What hath God wrought?" which is a verse from The Book of Numbers 23:23. Also see The Book of Job 38:35 where it says "Canst thou send lightnings, that they may go and say unto thee, Here we are?" [Thief in the Night or The Strange Case of the Missing Millennium by William Sears p3-4]

    See History of Information.

    Communication; Telegraph; Morse code; Firsts, other; History (general); Washington, DC, USA; Baltimore, MD; United States (USA) The first telegraphic message.
    1844 23 May
    184-
    The birth of `Abdu'l-Bahá in a rented house near the Shimrán Gate in Tihrán. He was born at midnight. [AB9, SoG3-4]
  • He was known as `Abbás Effendi outside the Bahá'í community.
  • Bahá'u'lláh gave Him the titles Ghusn-i-A`zam (the Most Great Branch), Sirru'lláh (Mystery of God) and Áqá (the Master). [BBD2, 19, 87, 89]
  • Sarkár-i-Áqá (the Honourable Master) was a title of `Abdu'l-Bahá. [BBD201]
  • He Himself chose the title `Abdu'l-Bahá (Servant of Bahá) after the passing of Bahá'u'lláh. [BBD2]
  • * `Abdu'l-Bahá (chronology); * Bahaullah (chronology); Báb, Declaration of; Births and deaths; * Bahá'u'lláh, Basic timeline; * `Abdu'l-Bahá, Basic timeline; - Basic timeline, Expanded; Names and titles; Tehran, Iran; Iran
    1844 22 May
    184-
    Declaration of the Báb's Mission

    Two hours and eleven minutes after sunset Siyyid `Alí-Muhammad made His declaration to Mullá Husayn-i-Bushrú'í in the upper room of His House. [DB52-65]

    "I am, I am, I am, the promised One! I am the One whose name you have for a thousand years invoked, at whose mention you have risen, whose advent you have longed to witness, and the hour of whose Revelation you have prayed God to hasten. Verily I say, it is incumbent upon the peoples of both the East and the West to obey My word and to pledge allegiance to My person." [DB315-316]

  • See SI231 for information on the anticipated return of the Hidden Imam. See BBR2pg42-3 and DB57 for a list of signs by which the Promised One would be known.
  • See BW5p600-4 for a brief biography of William Miller the founder of the Adventist sect who, after intense study of the Bible, had predicted the return of Christ on March 21, 1844. See BW5p604 for mention of other Christians who made similar predictions.
  • See DB383 and BBR2pg25 for information on Mulla Husayn-i-Bushru'i. See CoB110 for the significance of the first believer.
  • See SBBH1:14 for a possible explanation for Mullá Husayn's presence in Shíráz at this time.
  • Nabíl-i-A`zam relates that Mullá Husayn was welcomed at the Báb's mansion by Mubárak, His Ethiopian servant. Others resident in this house at the time were Fiddih (f), responsible for the preparation of the food and the mother of Siyyid 'Alí-Muhammad, Zahrá Bagum. [DB53; KBWB5]
  • For more information about Mubarack see Black Pearls: Servants in the Household of the Bab and Baha'U'Llah p21-22.
  • He revealed the first chapter of the Qayyúmu'l-Asmá' (the Commentary on the Súrih of Joseph. The entire text would later be translated from the original Arabic by Táhirih. [B19–21; BBD190–1; BBRSM14–15; BKG28; BW12:85–8; BWMF16; DB52–65, 264, 216, BBR2pg14-15, GPB23, 73; MH56–71; SBBH17, HotD30]
    • Bahá'u'lláh has described this book as being `the first, the greatest, and mightiest of all books' in the Bábí Dispensation. [GPB23]
    • See SBBH5pg1 for discussion on the Qayyumu'l-Asma'.
    • This text was the most widely circulated of all the Báb's writings and came to be regarded as the Bábí Qur'an for almost the entirety of His mission. [BBRSM32]
    • Images of the Qayyum al-asma' ('Maintainer of the names') can be see at the website of the British Library, Discovering Sacred Texts.
  • This date marks the end of the Adamic Cycle of approximately six thousand years and the beginning of the Bahá'í Cycle or Cycle of Fulfilment. [BBD9, 35, 72; GPB100] Shoghi Effendi is quoted as saying that this is the second most important anniversary on the Bahá'í calendar. [ZK320]
  • The beginning of the Apostolic, Heroic or Primitive Age. [BBD35, 67]
  • See MH86–7 for an explanation of the implication of the word `Báb' to the Shí'í Muslims.
  • Three stages of the Báb's Revelation:
    1. He chose the title `Báb' and Mullá Husayn was given the title Bábu'l-Báb (the gate of the Gate).
    2. In the second year of the Revelation (from His confinement in the house of His uncle in Shíráz) He took the title of Siyyid-i-dhikr (dhikr means `remembrance of God') and gave the title `Báb' to Mullá Husayn. At Fort Tabarsí Mullá Husayn was called `Jináb-i Báb' by his companions.
    3. At His public declaration the Báb declared Himself to be the promised Qá'im. [MH87–8]
  • * Báb, The (chronology); Báb, Declaration of; Holy days; * Báb, Writings of; Mulla Husayn; Qayyumul-Asma (book); Surih of Joseph; Tahirih (Qurratu'l-'Ayn, Zarrín-Táj); * Báb, The (chronology); Cycles; Ages and Epochs; Heroic age; Qaim; Promised One; - Basic timeline, Condensed; - Basic timeline, Expanded; * Báb, The, Basic timeline; Mubarak; - Letters of the Living; Fiddih; Báb, House of (Shiraz); 1844; Prophecies; Shíráz, Iran; Iran; Millennialism; William Miller First, the greatest, and mightiest of all books in the Bábí Dispensation
    1844 3 Apr
    184-
    In Kitáb Fihrist, the Báb stated that the first descent of Spirit on Him was on 15th of the third month (Rabi ul Awal) of AH 1260 [3 April 1844]. [The Genesis of the Bâbí-Baháʼí Faiths in Shíráz and Fárs pp. 20–22] * Báb, The (chronology); Báb, Declaration of; Shíráz, Iran; Iran
    1844 21 Mar
    184-
    Edict of Toleration was issued by the Sultan of Turkey: The Muslim government of the Ottoman Empire was compelled by the Western Powers, notably Britain and France, to grant religious tolerance to all nations within its borders. Broader questions of religious tolerance, such as might presumably involve Jewish land rights and Jewish immigration are not mentioned in the Edict. [Sours (below) p9]

    To set the context, this came during the period known as "Tanzimat" (lit. Reorganization) 1838 to 1876. The Tanzimat era was characterised by various attempts to modernise the Ottoman Empire and to secure its territorial integrity against internal nationalist movements and external aggressive powers. The reforms encouraged Ottomanism among the diverse ethnic groups of the Empire and attempted to stem the tide of the rise of nationalism in the Ottoman Empire. During the Tanzimat period, the government's series of constitutional reforms led to a fairly modern conscripted army, banking system reforms, the decriminalization of homosexuality, the replacement of religious law with secular law and guilds with modern factories. The Ottoman Ministry of Post was established in Istanbul in 1840. [Wikipedia]

    The fulfillment of the prophecies of Christ and of the Bible has been over a period of a hundred years or more matter of common knowledge and remark in the West. But the full extent of that fulfillment is only seen in Bahá'u'lláh. The proclamation of His Faith was made in 1844, the year when the strict exclusion of the Jews from their own land enforced by the Muslims for some twelve centuries was at last relaxed by the Edict of Toleration and "the times of the Gentiles" were "fulfilled." [GPBiv Introduction by George Townshend]

  • See The 1844 Ottoman "Edict of Toleration" in Bahá'í Secondary Literature by Michel W. Sours and published in the Journal of Bahá'í Studies Vol 8 no 3 1998 pp 53-80.

    Michael Sours makes the point that there have been some Christian notions that have been adopted uncritically by a number of Bahá'í apologists that cannot be supported: 1. That Jews were strictly excluded from Palestine for 1,260 years prior to 1844 2. That Muslim Authorities were responsible for this exclusion 3. That the 1844 Edict ended the exclusion and enabled Jews to immigrate to Palestine 4. That the Edict brought about the fulfilment of the prophecy concerning the "times of the Gentiles". By extension it was the Christian maltreatment of Jews in Europe and elsewhere that prompted the large migration in the 19th and particularly in the 20th century. [Sours p77]

  • Edict of Toleration (1844); Jews; - Judaism; History (general); Prophecies; Israel; Palestine; Istanbul, Turkey; Turkey
    1844 7 Feb
    184-
    Birth of Shaykh Kázim-i-Samandarí, Apostle of Bahá'u'lláh, in Qazvín. Shaykh Kazim-i-Samandari; - Apostles of Bahá'u'lláh; Births and deaths; Qazvin, Iran; Iran
    1844 22 Jan
    184-
    Mullá Husayn returned to Karbilá after a journey of two years in Persia. He had been on a mission in Isfahán and Mashhad where he had successfully defended the views of his master, Siyyid Kázim, before the leading clerics of those cities. [MH49]
  • Mulla Husayn, as the leading representative of the Siyyid's disciples, received mourners for three days in Karbilá. [DB47]
  • After a period of mourning and 40 days of prayer and fasting, Mulla Husayn in the company of his brother and his nephew, set out for Najaf where he visited the shrine and then proceeded to Persia following the last wishes of Siyyid Kázim that his followers quit Karbalá and search for the Promised One. The party went to Búshihr and then on to Shíráz. [MH50–55, HotD28; DB51]
  • See SI dust-jacket for a photo of the Shrine of Imam 'Ali.
  • Mulla Husayn; Siyyid Kazim-i-Rashti; Karbala, Iraq; Isfahan, Iran; Mashhad, Iran; Najaf, Iran; Bushihr, Iran; Shíráz, Iran; Iraq; Iran
    1844 10 Jan
    184-
    The arrival of Táhirih in Karbilá. She had learned of the views of Shaykh Ahmad and Siyyid Kázim and had corresponded with the latter from whom she received her name, Qurratu'l-Ayn, meaning "Solace of the Eyes". Against the wishes of her family she had left her home to join the circle of his students but arrived in Karbilá ten days after his passing. Convinced that the Promised One would soon appear she stayed on in that city as Siyyid Kázim's disciples were departing in their search. To one of them, her brother-in-law, Mírzá Muhammad-i-Alíy-i-Qazvíní, she gave a sealed letter and told him to deliver it to the One Sought. This he did and the Báb recognized her as one of the Letters of the Living. [B25-26; DB81note2]
  • She had had a dream in which a youth, a Siyyid wearing a black cloak and a green turban, appeared to her in the heavens, who with upraised hands was reciting certain verses, one of which she noted down in her book. Later on, when she had a copy of the Báb's Súrih of Joseph, she discovered that same verse which she had heard in her dream. [DB81note2]
  • Tahirih (Qurratu'l-'Ayn, Zarrín-Táj); Shaykh Ahmad-i-Ahsai; Siyyid Kazim-i-Rashti; Mullá Muhammad-i-`Alíy-i-Qazvíní; - Letters of the Living; Karbala, Iraq; Iraq
    1844 (In the year)
    184-
    Birth of Mírzá Abu'l-Fadl-i-Gulpáygání, Apostle of Bahá'u'lláh, in Gulpáygán. Mírzá Abu'l-Fadl Gulpaygani; - Apostles of Bahá'u'lláh; Births and deaths; Gulpaygan, Iran; Iran
    1843 31 Dec
    184-
    Passing of Siyyid Kázim-i-Rashtí, the disciple and self-proclaimed successor of Shaykh Ahmad, in Karbalá. Because Siyyid Kázim designated no successor, within a short period of time the Shaykhí school was split into several factions. The two largest were grouped around Siyyid `Alí Muhammad and Hájí Mullá Muhammad Karím Khán Kirmání. The first faction moved away from the outward practice of Islám towards a development of inner realities and ultimately a new revelation. The second emphasized the continuing role of the Prophets and the Imáms and sought acceptance from the Shí'í majority which had formerly excommunicated Shaykh Ahmad and Siyyid Kázim. [BBD126–7; MH26; SBBH1; TB6, Sayyid Kazim Rashti by Moojan Momen]
  • The latter, Hájí Mullá Muhammad Karím Khán Kirmání, became an enemy of the Báb. [SDH165; RoB1p331-335]
  • BBRSM9 for a brief account of his life and the Shaykhí school under his leadership.
  • See MH28 for a picture.
  • See DB43–5, MH46–7 for an account of a warning of his passing in a shepard's dream.
  • Bahá'u'lláh condemned him in both the Kitáb-i-Íqán (p.184-186) and the Lawh-i-Qiná.
  • See DB24-25, 40-42 for Siyyid Kázim's exhortations to his followers predicting the manifestation of both the Báb and Bahá'u'lláh.
  • Siyyid Kazim-i-Rashti; Shaykh Ahmad-i-Ahsai; Shaykhism; Siyyid Ali Muhammad; Hájí Mulla Muhammad Karim Khan Kirmani; Shia Islam (Shiism); In Memoriam; Births and deaths; - Basic timeline, Expanded; Karbala, Iraq; Iraq
    1843 5 Feb
    184-
    Great March Comet or Great Comet of 1843 was first "discovered". It passed closest to Earth on March 6, 1843, and was at its greatest brilliance the following day. When at its greatest brilliance, it was visible only from southern latitudes. For a few hours on February 28, it outshone any comet seen in the previous seven centuries. The tail of the comet holds the record for actual extent. It is estimated to have stretched 300 million kilometres (or 2 astronomical units). It was last observed on April 19, 1843. At that time this comet had passed closer to the Sun than any other known object. [Great Comet in History; Notes from Baha'i History; Academic; Wikipedia; Thief in the Night p193-196]

    Another comet seemed to reappear at significant times in history. The first recorded sighting for the comet that came to be known as Biela's Comet was made in 1772 with a second appearance in 1805. In 1826 Wilhelm von Biela and others contributed to work to determine that it was indeed the same comet making reappearances in elliptical orbit with an orbital period of 6.6 years.

    In the 1845-1846 appearance astronomers were surprised to see that the comet had split into two pieces. By 1852 only one nucleus remained visible. The 1859 apparition was very unfavourable but that of 1865-1866 was more visible. Astronomers believed that the comet had broken up and accounted for an unusual number of meteor showers. At the comet's next return in 1872 a major meteor storm occurred on the 27th of November with hourly rates of 3,000 per hour. Intense meteor displays were also noted in 1885 (15,000/hr), and 1892 (6,000/hr). [Cometography; Thief in the Night p195-196; Release the Sun p217-219]

    Comets; Falling stars; Signs
    1843 10 Jan
    184-
    The sacking of the holy city of Karbalá at the hands of the Turks. Thousands of its citizens were killed even those who had taken refuge in the Shrines of Imám Husayn or 'Abbás. [BBRSM55, HotD10, DB36-37] Ottoman Empire; War; History (general); Karbala, Iraq; Iraq
    1843 10 Jan
    184-
    The Báb dreamed that He drank a few drops of blood from the wounds of the martyred Imám Husayn. After this dream He felt that the Spirit of God had taken possession of His soul. At this moment He received intimation that He was to be a Manifestation of God. [GPB92; BBRSM14; DB253, HotD23-24]
  • Khadíjih Bagum apparently recognized her Husband as the promised Qá'im `sometime before the Báb declared His mission after having seen Him wrapt in prayer during the night. He bade her to keep this knowledge concealed. He entrusted her with a special prayer to be used before she went to sleep, the reading of which would remove her difficulties and lighten the burden of her woes. [DB191–192; HotD27; KBWB9-14; The Genesis of the Bábi-Bahá'í Faiths in Shíráz and Fárs p21-22 by A. Rabbani]
  • There are several such prayers among the Bábí and Bahá'í Writings, one of them has become informally known as "the Remover of Difficulties Prayer": There is no evidence that the pray mentioned above was this prayer. Please see The Invocation 'Is There Any Remover of Difficulties Save God...' by Muhammad Afnan and translated by Adib Masumian.
  • See as well Joycean Modernism in a Nineteenth- Century Qur'an Commentary? A Comparison of the Bab's Qayyūm al- asmā' with Joyce's Ulysses p113 by Todd Lawson.
  • * Báb, The (chronology); Dreams and visions; Blood; Imam Husayn; Khadijih Bagum (wife of the Báb); Remover of Difficulties (invocation); - Invocations; Shíráz, Iran; Iran first person to understand The Báb's station.
    1843 (In the year)
    184-
    Birth of Ahmad, son of the Báb. He passed away shortly after he was born (or was still-born). [Bab46-47; DB76note4; 77; KBWB6-9]
  • DB74 for a picture of his resting-place. Also see KBWB7.
  • Ahmad (son of the Báb); * Báb, The (chronology); Báb, Family of; Cemeteries and graves; Births and deaths; In Memoriam; - Basic timeline, Expanded; Shíráz, Iran; Iran
    1842 Aug
    184-
    The marriage of Siyyid `Alí Muhammad (the Báb) in Shíráz to Khadíjih-Bagum (b. 1821) the daughter of Mirzá 'Ali, a merchant of Shiraz. She had been a childhood friend and sometimes playmate. Their family homes were adjacent. [Bab46; BBD28, 127; BKG402; RB2:382; DoH107; DB76note3]
  • See Bab80 for a reproduction of the marriage certificate.
  • He returned to live in the House after His marriage. [RoB4429]
  • * Báb, The (chronology); Báb, Family of; Weddings; Khadijih Bagum (wife of the Báb); * Báb, The, Basic timeline; - Basic timeline, Expanded; Báb, House of (Shiraz); Shíráz, Iran; Iran
    1842 - 1843
    184-
    Birth of Hájí Ákhúnd (Mullá `Alí-Akbar Shahmírzádí), (d. 4 March 1910 in Tehran) in Shahmírzád, near Semnān [Simnán]. He was named a Hand of the Cause by Bahá'u'lláh. [Bahá'í Encylopedia Project; EB266; MoF9-12] Hájí Ákhúnd (Mullá `Alí-Akbar-i-Shahmírzádí); * Hands of the Cause; Hands appointed by Bahá'u'lláh; Births and deaths; Births and deaths; Shahmirzad, Iran; Iran
    1841 (In the year)
    184-
    Siyyid `Alí Muhammad (the Báb) went Karbalá where He attended the lectures of Siyyid Kázim-i-Rashtí, Shaykh Ahmad's successor. From Karbalá He went to Najaf before returning to Shíráz. [DB26-30; Bab42–4; MH25; RB3:254; SBBH15]
  • The followers of Shaykh Ahmad number about 100,000 in Iraq alone. [MH25, HotD25]
  • BBRSM13 says the Báb went to Najaf and Karbalá in 1839/40.
  • * Báb, The (chronology); Siyyid Kazim-i-Rashti; Shaykh Ahmad-i-Ahsai; Shaykhism; * Báb, The, Basic timeline; - Basic timeline, Expanded; Najaf, Iran; Karbala, Iraq; Iraq
    1840 (In the year)
    184-
    The British fleet took `Akká from the Egyptians. [BBR202] History (general); Akka, Israel; Israel; Egypt; United Kingdom
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