from the Chronology Canada

from the Main Catalogue

1. The Woman Who Read Too Much: A Novel, by Bahíyyih Nakhjavani: Review, by Mary Sobhani (2018). [about]
2. یادگار جشن پنجاهمین سال تاسیس محفل مقدس بهائیان طهران 55-103: Commemoration of the fiftieth anniversary of the founding of the Bahá'í Assembly of Tehran B.E. 55-103 (1947). Booklet and collection of historical photographs published to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the founding of the Local Spiritual Assembly of Tihran, published B.E. 103 (1947). Includes partial English translation (2022). [about]
3. 175 Years of Persecution: A History of the Bábís and Bahá'ís of Iran, by Fereydun Vahman: Review, by Christopher Buck (2021-03-22). [about]
4. 1867 Petition from Bahá'ís in Shushtar, Iran, to the U.S. Congress, An, in World Order, 37:3 (2006). A petition sent by Bahá'ís in Persia in 1867 to the US Consulate general, seeking assistance in getting Bahá'u'lláh released from imposed exile. Includes introduction, prepared on behalf of the US NSA. [about]
5. 1970-1995: Newspaper articles archive (1970-1995). Collection of newspaper articles from 1970-1995. [about]
6. `Abdu'l-Bahá and the Iranian Constitutional Revolution: Embracing Principles while Disapproving Methodologies, by Mina Yazdani, in Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 24:1-2 (2014). Abdu’l-Bahá’s orientation toward the Constitutional Revolution of 1906–1911: he embraced the principles of constitutionalism while disapproving of confrontation; real social change needs to start at the moral-ethical level. [about]
7. `Abdu'l-Bahá's Blueprint for a Progressive and Prosperous Iran, by Adib Masumian (2016). 'Abduʼl-Bahá's contributions to Iranian thought and social discourse, as recorded in his seminal work The Secret of Divine Civilization. [about]
8. 'Abdu'l-Baha's Meeting with Two Prominent Iranians, by Muhammad Qazvini, in World Order, 30:1 (1998 Fall). Muhammad Qazvini's and Siyyid Hasan Taqizadeh's descriptions of their 1911 meetings with `Abdu'l-Bahá in Paris. Preceded by a brief biography of Abdu'l-Bahá. [about]
9. 'Abdu'l-Bahá on the World Stage, by Iraj Ghanooni (2022). A contrast of the spiritual purpose of ‘Abdu'l-Bahá's first visit to Paris with the secular aims of some famous Iranian contemporaries who went there around the same time; includes philosophical discussions and an analysis of two talks by ‘Abdu'l-Bahá. [about]
10. Account of the Life of Hakím Áqá Ján, An (2022). Originally written in Persian by Mírzá Áqá Khán Katírá’í (Ya‘qúb) and published in Payám-i-Bahá’í with minor edits by Hushidar Motlagh, this is an account of the former's great-grandfather, Ḥakím Áqá Ján (d. 1881), one of the first Jewish Bahá’ís. [about]
11. Account of the Main Events in Persia during October 1912 to October 1913, An, by G. D. Turner (1913-10). Overview of developments in Iran in 1913, with passing references to Abdu'l-Bahá and E.G. Browne. [about]
12. Across Asia on a Bicycle: Through Persia to Samarkand, by Thomas Gaskell Allen and William Lewis Sachtleben, in The Century: a popular quarterly, 48:3 (1894-07). A travelogue through Tabreez, with a short but somewhat hostile history of the Bab. [about]
13. Across Coveted Lands, by Henry Savage-Landor (1903). Brief mention of the Bahá'ís of Yazd. [about]
14. Activities in Iran in the 1960s: Documents from the US government, in Foreign Relations of the United States 1964-1968, Volume XXII: Iran (1964-12-11). State Dept., CIA, and Defense documents regarding activities in Iran in the 1960s. [about]
15. Additional Tablets and Extracts from Tablets Revealed by Bahá'u'lláh, by Bahá'u'lláh (2018/2023). 80 selections, updated August 2023. [about]
16. Additional Tablets, Extracts and Talks, by Abdu'l-Bahá (2018/2023). 167 selections, updated August 2023. [about]
17. Ahmad Kasravi and the "Purification" of Persian: A Study in Nationalist Motivation, by Amin Banani, in Nation & Ideology: Essays in Honor of Wayne S. Vucinich (1981). Political theory of a modernist Iranian reformer, also known for his criticisms of the Bahá'í Faith. Contains no mention of the Faith. (Offsite.) [about]
18. Alavíyyih Khánum and 'Alí Ján, Mullá, by Mehraeen Mottahedin-Mavaddat and Moojan Momen, in The Bahá'í Encyclopedia (2009). On the couple, both distinguished Iranian teachers of the Bahá’í Faith; Mullá ‘Alí Ján was executed for his faith. [about]
19. Alí Bastámí, Mullá, by Denis MacEoin, in Encyclopaedia Iranica, Volume 1 (1985). Very brief article, short enough to qualify as "fair use." [about]
20. Ali Bastami, Mulla, by Moojan Momen (1995). [about]
21. Alí Bastámí, Mullá, by Moojan Momen, in The Bahá'í Encyclopedia (2009). On the second disciple to recognize the Báb, and the first Bábí martyr. [about]
22. Ambassador at the Court: The Life and Photography of Effie Baker, by Graham Hassall (1999). Extensive biography of Effie Baker, an early Australian Bahá'í. [about]
23. Ambivalence of Hostility and Modification: Patriarchy's Ideological Negotiation With Women, Modernity and Cinema in Iran, by Elnaz Nasehi, in International Journal of Advanced Research, 8:10 (2020-10). Passing mentions of the Bahá'í Faith in the context of how forces behind the Constitutional Revolution paved the way for the presence of women in public sphere and Iranian cinema. [about]
24. American Dream, The: Stories from the Heart of Our Nation, by Dan Rather, in The American Dream: Stories from the Heart of Our Nation (2001). Commentary on Bahá'í persecutions, by a famous TV news anchor. [about]
25. Analysis of the Salient Features of Risáliy-i-Ja'faríyyih, An, by Foad Seddigh, in Lights of Irfan, 20 (2019). This treatise, one of the major writings of the Báb, was written before He had disclosed His complete station of prophethood to the public. It comments on an Islamic prayer for the advent of the promised Qa'im. Includes translation. [about]
26. Ante Litteram Critique of Orientalism, An: The Case of Abu'l-Fadá'il-i-Gulpáyigání and E.G. Browne, by Mina Yazdani and Omid Ghaemmaghami, in Religions, 14:6 (2023). Gulpaygani’s analysis of Orientalism as presented in his book Kashfu'l-Ghitá', which focused on the Cambridge scholar E.G. Browne and how his worldview prefigured that of Edward Said; colonial power relations. Link to article (offsite). [about]
27. Anti-Bahá'í Society, The, by Mehdi Abedi and Michael M.J. Fischer, in Debating Muslims: Cultural Dialogues in Postmodernity and Tradition (1990). Autobiographical stories of Abedi and his involvement in opposition to the Bahá'í Faith in Iran with the "Anjoman-e Zedd-e Bahá'íyat." [about]
28. Aqasi, Haji Mirza ('Abbas Iravani), by Sholeh A. Quinn, in The Bahá'í Encyclopedia (2009). On the prime minister of Iran under Muhammad Shah Qajar from 1835 to 1848, regarded by Bahá’ís as the Antichrist of the Bábí dispensation. [about]
29. Arches of the Years, by Marzieh Gail (1991). Early days of the Bahá'í Faith in America and of Abdu'l-Bahá's visit in 1912; Phoebe Hearst; Versailles Conference; and about Marzieh Gail herself. [about]
30. Ashraf, Ghodsieh, by Mahnaze A. da Silveira, in Encyclopaedia Iranica (2012). Brief excerpt, with link to article offsite. [about]
31. At Home in the Ghettos: Bahá'ís in Iran, by Leila Chamankhah, in MEI Occasional Paper, 5 (2010-03-16). Essay on the causes of distrust and estrangement between Shias and Bahá'ís. The term "ghetto" here refers to ideologically separated communities. (Offsite.) [about]
32. Attitude of Bahá'ís towards Persian Politics, by Abdu'l-Bahá, in Persian Revolution of 1905-1909 (1910). [about]
33. August Forel Defends the Persecuted Persian Bahá'ís: 1925-1927, by John Paul Vader, in Bahá'í World, Vol. 18 (1979-1983) (1986). History of Forel's involvement with the Faith. Includes correspondence from Shoghi Effendi. [about]
34. Authority of the Feminine and Fatima's Place in an Early Work by the Bab, The, by Todd Lawson, in Online Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 1 (2007). While Tahirih inspired many in Europe and eventually America, she is very much a daughter of her own culture, history, mythology, and religion. She was a religious mystic who felt a new day arising in the world, and seen by some as the "return" of Fatima. [about]
35. Awakening: A History of the Bábi and Bahá'í Faiths in Nayriz, by Hussein Ahdieh and Hillary Chapman (2013). Eight items: The complete book in Spanish, sample chapter in English, reviews, audio interview, and video interviews and presentations, including one on "Bábí Women Of Nayriz" in the persecutions of 1850, 1853 and 1909. [about]
36. Awakening: A History of the Bábí and Bahá'í Faiths in Nayriz, by Hussein Ahdieh: Review, by Robert Harris (2013). [about]
37. Awakening: A History of the Bábí and Bahá'í Faiths in Nayriz, by Hussein Ahdieh: Review, in Payam-i Bahá'í (2013-09). English translation of a short review in Persian. [about]
38. Awakening: A History of the Bábí and Bahá'í Faiths in Nayriz, by Hussein Ahdieh: Review, by Naysan Naraqi (2013-10-21). Brief review of book, and short interview with Ahdieh, conducted by bahaiblog.net. [about]
39. Awakening: A History of the Bábí and Bahá'í Faiths in Nayriz, by Hussein Ahdieh: Review, by Anne Pearson, in Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 25:3 (2015). [about]
40. Báb and 'Alí Muhammad, Islamic and Post-Islamic, The: Multiple Meanings in the Writings of Sayyid 'Alí Muhammad Shírází (1819-1850), by Zackery Mirza Heern, in Religions, 14:3 (2023). Writings of the Báb can be understood as a commentary on the Qur'án, the original Qur'án, and divine revelation; the metaphors and symbolism of Gate (Báb), Remembrance (Dhikr), and Point (Nuqtah). Link to article (offsite). [about]
41. Bab and Babism, by Edward Payson Evans, in Hours at Home, volume 8 (1869-01). Overview of Bábí history, the dissemination of its teachings, events following the Bab's death, and the Bab's theology as a progressive religion. [about]
42. Báb in Shiraz, The: An Account by Mírzá Habíbu'lláh Afnán, in Witnesses to Babi and Bahá'í History, vol. 16 (2008). Recollections of the early years of the Bab and his family, and the times following his declaration; written by a relative. [about]
43. Báb on the Rights of Women, The, by Siyamak Zabihi-Moghaddam, in Religions, 14:6 (2023-06). Statements of the Báb on issues such as mutʿah and tahlíl marriages, polygyny, bridal consent, divorce and spousal relations, and their significance for the rights of women in Muslim juridical opinions and social customs. Link to article (offsite). [about]
44. Bab und Babis, by Arminius (Armin) Vambery, in Meine Wanderungen und Erlebnisse in Persien (1867). Lengthy discussion of the Babis, by a Hungarian Jew who later met Abdu'l-Bahá. [about]
45. Babi and Bahá'í community of Iran, The: A case of 'suspended genocide'?, by Moojan Momen, in Journal of Genocide Research, 7:2 (2005-06). A description of the four phases of the persecutions that the Babis and Baha’is in Iran have suffered (the Babis, the early Bahá'ís, during the Pahlavi dynasty, and following the 1979 Islamic revolution) and how they fit in with categories of genocide. [about]
46. Babi and Bahá'í Religions 1844-1944: Some Contemporary Western Accounts, by Moojan Momen (1981). A lengthy collection of first-hand reports and mentions of the Bábí and Bahá'í religions in contemporaneous accounts and newspapers. [about]
47. Babi Attempt on the Life of the Shah, 1852: Coverage in the New York Times, by New York Times, in New York Times (1852). Five brief newspaper reports, among the earliest known references to the Báb in an American publication. [about]
48. Babi Martyrs, Some, by John Walbridge, in Essays and Notes on Babi and Bahá'í History (2002). Includes bios of Shaykh Salih Karimi, Mulla Abd al-Karim Qazvini, the Farhadis of Qazvin, the Seven Martyrs of Tehran, and others. [about]
49. Babi Movement in Iran, The: From Religious Dissent to Political Revolt, 1844, by Ahmad Nur Fuad (1998). Development of the Bábí movement and the political implications of its religious teachings, as seen in its shift from purely religious dissent to political dissent. [about]
50. Babi Movement, The: A Resource Mobilization Perspective, by Peter Smith and Moojan Momen, in In Iran: Studies in Babi and Bahá'í History vol. 3, ed. Peter Smith (1986). Babism from a sociological standpoint, esp. the place of the Babis in their contemporary cultural and economic classes. [about]
51. Babi Pamphlet, A, by W. A. Rice, in The Church Missionary Intelligencer, 53:27 (1902). Review of an unnamed booklet sent to E.G. Browne, a "little manuscript book of 118 small pages, written in the beautiful Persian character," which was "originally composed before Behaullah’s death in 1892." [about]
52. Bábí Theology in Poetry, A: The Creative Imagination of Táhirih, Qurratu'l-'Ayn, by Anthony Lee, in Religions, 14:6 (2023). Examination of Qurratu’l-Ayn's writings to discern her social, religious, and political beliefs, most of which broke with Islam's traditional theology in favor of a revolutionary new doctrine. Link to article (offsite). [about]
53. Bábí Uprising in Zanjan, The, by John Walbridge, in Iranian Studies, 29:3-4 (1996 Winter/Fall). A study of the Bábí uprising in Zanjan in 1850, examining the social, economic, and political background as well as the motivations of both the Bábís and their opponents.  [about]
54. Bábí-Bahá'í Community in Khorasan, The, by Minou Foadi, in Encyclopaedia Iranica (2022). Brief excerpt, with link to article offsite. [about]
55. Bábí-State Conflict at Shaykh Tabarsi, The, by Siyamak Zabihi-Moghaddam, in Iranian Studies, 35:1-3 (2002). On the background and events of the Shaykh Tabarsi conflict; developments, both in the political sphere and within the Bábí community, that led to the outbreak of open warfare in 1848; and objectives of the Bábí participants in the conflict. [about]
56. Babi-State Conflicts of 1848-1853, The, by Siyamak Zabihi-Moghaddam (2003-12-23). Overview of four conflicts between the Babis and the Qajar state: one at Shaykh Tabarsi in Mazandaran (1848), one in Zanjan (1850), and two in Nayriz (1850, 1853). [about]
57. Bábís of Nayriz, The: History and Documents, in Witnesses to Babi and Bahá'í History, vol. 2 (2006). Extensive collection of historical documents: autobiographies, narratives, genealogies and chronologies, the transition from the Bábí to the Bahá'í community, provisional translations, and a list of Bábí martyrs. [about]
58. Badasht, by Moojan Momen, in Encyclopaedia Iranica, Volume 3 (1989). Brief excerpt, with link to article offsite. [about]
59. Badí' (Bahá'í) Calendar: An Introduction, The, by Moojan Momen (2014-11). Summary of the nature of Bahá'í calendar, the way the Badí' calendar works, and the reason for the 2014 revisions inaugurated by the Universal House of Justice. [about]
60. Badí` Khurasani, by Moojan Momen (1995). Short biography of Badi, a Bahá'í renowned for his bravery and devotion. [about]
61. Bagdádi Family, by Kamran Ekbal, in Encyclopaedia Iranica (2014). Brief excerpt, with link to article offsite. [about]
62. Bahá'í Centres in Iran (1936), in Bahá'í World, Vol. 6 (1934-1936) (1937). [about]
63. Bahá'í Community of Iran, The: Patterns of Exile and Problems of Communication, by Moojan Momen, in Iranian Refugees and Exiles Since Khomeini, ed. Asghar Fathi (1991). An examination of the causes and patterns of migrations of Iranian Bahá'ís. [about]
64. Bahá'í Faith and Globalization 1900-1912, The, by Robert Stockman, in Bahá'í and Globalisation (2005). Abdu’l-Baha’s thinking inspired much of the practice of Baha’i proselytising; overview of the practical activism of the early American Baha’is and the mutual bonds of assistance between the Baha’i communities of North America and Iran. [about]
65. Bahá'í Faith and Its Relationship to Islam, Christianity, and Judaism, The: A Brief History, by Adam Berry, in International Social Science Review, 79:3-4 (2004-09-22). Bahá'í history in Iran and America; relationship with Christian missionaries in Iran and Christian converts in America; Jewish responses to the Faith. [about]
66. Bahá'í Faith in Iran, The, by John Walbridge, in Essays and Notes on Babi and Bahá'í History (2002). Includes essay "Three Clerics and a Prince of Isfahan: background to Bahá'u'lláh's Epistle to the Son of the Wolf" and bios of Ayatollah Khomeini and Zill al-Sultan. [about]
67. Bahá'í Faith in Turkey, The, by John Walbridge, in Essays and Notes on Babi and Bahá'í History (2002). Includes bios of individuals from Turkey who figure prominently in Bahá'í history. [about]
68. Bahá'í Health Initiatives in Iran: A preliminary survey, by Seena Fazel and Minou Foadi, in The Bahá'ís of Iran: Socio-historical Studies, ed. Dominic Parviz Brookshaw & Seena B. Fazel (2008). Bahá'í-related initiatives in Iran in the 19th-20th centuries: Bahá'ís made important contributions to public health such as introducing showers in public baths, school vaccinations, women's health, and privately-financed clinics open to all Iranians. [about]
69. Bahá'í History, in Journal of Religious History, 36:4 (2012-12). A complete issue of this well-known journal was dedicated entirely to Bahá'í Studies. So far, only 3 articles from it are online. [about]
70. Bahá'í History and Videos, by Hussein Ahdieh (2013-2022). Links to Zoom videos on a variety of topics: Kahlil Gibran, the life of Varqá, Bahá'í schools for girls and Tahirih's influence, martyrs in Nayriz, Abdu'l-Bahá in New York, and Harlem Prep School. [about]
71. Bahá'í Influence on the Reform Movements of the Islamic World in the 1860s and 1870s, by Moojan Momen, in Bahá'í Studies Bulletin, 2:2 (1983-09). Bahá'í influences on the Middle Eastern reform movement in the 1860s and 1870s. [about]
72. Bahá'í Influences on Mirza 'Abdu'llah, Qajar Court Musician and Master of the Radíf, by Margaret Caton, in Studies in the Bábí and Bahá'í Religions, Volume 2 (1984). The mystical milieu of musicianship and the Bahá'í Faith's approval of music (in contradistinction to the legalistic Islam of the ayatu'llahs, which forbade it) made the Faith appealing to Abdu'llah, one of the great compilers of the Persian repertoire. [about]
73. Baha'i Institute Of Higher Education, The: A Creative And Peaceful Response To Religious Persecution In Iran, by Bahá'í International Community (1999-04-01). Overview of the history and architecture of BIHE, the independent, full-fledged, yet completely decentralized, university system run by Bahá'ís in Iran. [about]
74. Bahá'í Martyrdoms in Persia in the Year 1903 AD, by Haji Mirza Haydar-Ali (1917). A memoir by Abdu'l-Bahá, erroneously credited to Haji Mirza Haydar-Ali, published in English as a 28-page book in 1904 and 1917, covering events from March-September 1903. [about]
75. Baha'i Minority and Nationalism in Contemporary Iran, by Juan Cole, in Nationalism and minority identities in Islamic societies, ed. Maya Shatzmiller (2005). While Bahá'ís in Persia would seem to have been in a place to benefit from the rise of modern Iranian nationalism, the Faith hasn't been widely adopted, partly due to the recent emergence of the theocracy. [about]
76. Bahá'í News Publications Seek to Elevate Thought, Inspire Action, by Bahá'í World News Service, in Bahá'í World (2018-10-12). Brief overview of the histories of various Bahá'í journals: Star of the West, Khurshid-i khavar, Sonne der Wahrheit, Wirklichkeit, The Dawn, Herald of the South, The Bahá'í World, World Order, and Bahá’í World News Service. [about]
77. 'Bahá'í Question' in Iran: Influence of International Law on 'Islamic Law', by Christopher Buck, in Menschenrechte in der Islamischen Republik Iran: Human Rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran (2021). On the "Baha’i question," a secret Iranian government document from 1991 which sets out oppressive policies to persecute or imprison Bahá'ís, and the history of the legal and practical implementation of such policies. [about]
78. Bahá'í Question, The: Cultural Cleansing in Iran, by Bahá'í International Community (2008-09). [about]
79. Bahá'í Shrines, by John Walbridge, in Encyclopaedia Iranica, Volume 3 (1989). [about]
80. Baha'i Studies in Iran: A Preliminary Survey, by Bijan Ma'sumian and Adib Masumian, in Bahá'í Studies Review, 20 (2014). Overview of the cultivation and evolution of religious education in the Baha’i Faith in Iran in the 19^th and 20^th centuries. [about]
81. Bahá'í World, The: Volume 18 (1979-1983), in Bahá'í World (1986). Periodic volumes that survey the global activities and major achievements of the Faith. [about]
82. Bahá'í-Inspired Perspectives on Human Rights (2001). Articles by Kiser Barnes, Greg Duly, Cheshmak Farhoumand-Sims, Graham Hassall, Darren Hedley, Nazila Ghanea-Hercock, Chichi Layor, Michael Penn, Martha Schweitz, and Albert Lincoln. [about]
83. Baha'is and the Constitutional Revolution, The: The Case of Sari, Mazandaran, 1906-1913, by Moojan Momen, in Iranian Studies, 41:3 (2008-06). Accounts of the Constitutional Revolution in Iran have tended to ignore the role of the Baha’is. They educated people about the reforms envisaged and about the modern world, for which they were persecuted. [about]
84. Bahá'ís in Iran, The: Twenty Years of Repression, by Firuz Kazemzadeh, in Social Research, 67:2 (2000-07). Overview of the modern persecution of Bahá'ís in Iran. [about]
85. Baha'is in Post-revolution Iran: Perspectives of the Ulema, by Ankita Sanyal, in Contemporary Review of the Middle East, 6:1 (2019). Historical background of the ulema/monarchy equation; the Ayatollahs’ take on the Baha’is after 1979, and dissident views of the Bahá'ís. [about]
86. Bahá'ísm - Its Origins and Role: A Rebuttal, by Bahá'í International Community (1983-08). The complete Iranian document "Bahaism — its origins and its role" together with BIC commentary on that document. [about]
87. Bahá'u'lláh and Liberation Theology, by Juan Cole, in Revisioning the Sacred: New Perspectives on a Bahá'í Theology, Studies in the Bábí and Bahá'í Religions vol. 8 (1997). The idea of liberation and equality is central to Bahá'í theology; the poor in the 19th century Middle East; Bahá'u'lláh and the poor; Tablet to the Kings on wealth and peace; laws of the Kitáb-i-Aqdas and Huququ'lláh; state social welfare. [about]
88. Bahá'u'lláh and the Fourth Estate, by Roger White, in Bahá'í World, Vol. 18 (1979-1983) (1986). Bahá'u'lláh's response to the martyrdom of seven Bahá'ís in Yazd in May, 1891, and his relationship with the media. [about]
89. Baha'u'llah as 'World Reformer', by Christopher Buck, in Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 3:4 (1991). This article places Bahá'u'lláh in the context of Islamic reform by comparing him to several contemporary Iranian reformers. Bahá'u'lláh prosecuted his proposed reforms in three stages: (1) Bábí reform; (2) Persian reform; and (3) world reform. [about]
90. Bahai Movement, The: A paper read by Shoghi Effendi at Oxford, by Shoghi Effendi, in The Dawn, 1:1-8 (1923-1924). Text of an address given to the Oxford University Asiatic Society, February 1921, before the passing of 'Abdu'l-Bahá and before Shoghi Effendi was appointed the "Guardian." [about]
91. Bábí-State Conflict at Shaykh Tabarsí, The, by Siyamak Zabihi-Moghaddam, in Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 14:1-2 (2004). Analysis of first of four major clashes between the Bábís and the Qájár state from 1848-1853. The Bábís were not intent on revolt; factors include the increased public hostility toward the Bábís, their understanding of holy war, and political instability. [about]
92. Behind the Veil in Persia and Turkish Arabia: An Account of an Englishwoman's Eight Years' Residence Amongst the Women of the East, by M. E. Hume-Griffith (1909). Three-page history of the Bab and his execution, with reference to the persecutions in Yazd. [about]
93. Black Pearls: Notes on Slavery, by Moojan Momen and Abu'l-Qasim Afnan, in Black Pearls: Servants in the Households of the Báb and Bahá'u'lláh (1988/1999). Editor's note, foreword, preface, and introduction to two editions of Black Pearls; brief overview of the institution of slavery. [about]
94. Black Pearls: The African Household Slaves of a Nineteenth Century Iranian Merchant Family, by R. Jackson Armstrong-Ingram (2003-10). The African slave trade to Iran in the 1800s, and the lives of household slaves of one specific merchant family from Shiraz, that of The Báb, as described in the narrative of Abu'l-Qasim Afnan. [about]
95. Brain Drain from Iran to the United States, The, by Akbar E. Torbat, in Middle East Journal, 56:2 (2002 Spring). Excerpt from article mentioning the exodus of Bahá'í intelligentsia from Iran in 1979, and the Bahá'ís' attempt at underground education. [about]
96. British influence in Persia in the 19th century, by Abbas Amanat, in Encyclopaedia Iranica, Volume 11 (2003). Includes various mentions of the Bábí context. Brief excerpt, with link to article offsite. [about]
97. Browne and the Babis, by Arthur J. Arberry, in Shiraz: Persian City of Saints and Poets (1960). Brief history of the Babis and E. G. Browne's relations with them. [about]
98. Browne, Edward Granville: Persian Constitutional movement, by Kamran Ekbal, in Encyclopaedia Iranica, Volume 4 (1990). Brief excerpt, with link to article offsite. [about]
99. Brutal Slashing to Death of Dr Berjis, The, by Nasser Mohajer, in Bahá'í Studies Review, 17:1 (2011-05). English translation of an article in Persian about persecutions during the Pahlavi regime, and the death of a Bahá'í doctor in 1950. [about]
100. Calling, The: Tahirih of Persia and Her American Contemporaries, by Hussein Ahdieh and Hillary Chapman (2017). Simultaneous, powerful spiritual movements swept across both Iran and the U.S in the mid-1800s. On the life and martyrdom of Tahirih; the 1848 Seneca Falls Convention and the conference of Badasht; spiritualism and suffrage. [about]
101. Cases of Dhabihu'llah Mahrami and Musa Talibi, The, by National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of the United States and Amnesty International (1998-04). In June 1994 and January 1996, two Bahá'ís in Iran were arrested and later sentenced to death for the crime of apostasy from Islam. These 9 documents and articles are about their case. [about]
102. Chihriq, by Juan Cole and Amir Hassanpour, in Encyclopaedia Iranica, Volume 4 (1990). Brief excerpt, with link to article offsite. [about]
103. Chosen Highway, The, by Lady Sarah Louisa Blomfield (1940/1967). Oral Bahá'í histories collected by an eminent early English Bahá'í, first published in 1940. [about]
104. Chronicle of `Abdu'l-Ahad Zanjani: Personal Reminiscences of the Insurrection at Zanjan, by Aqa Abdu'l-Ahad Zanjani, in Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 29 (1897). Translation of an account of the Babi struggle at Zanjan in 1850, as recollected by an aged eyewitness who had been a child at the time; an important source for early Babi history. [about]
105. Chronology of Persecutions of Babis and Baha'is (1998). [about]
106. City and Village in Iran: Settlement and Economy in the Kirman Basin, by Paul Ward English (1966). Brief description of villages in Iran, including Langar, the "center of the Shaykhi sect." [about]
107. City of Love, The: Ishqábád and the Institution of the Mashriqu'l-Adhkár, by Bruce Whitmore, in Bahá'í News, 52:7 (1975-07). History of the building of the temple in Turkmenistan, north of the Iranian province of Khurasan. [about]
108. Colonialism, Nationalism and Jewish Immigration to Palestine: Abdu'l-Baha's Viewpoints Regarding the Middle East, by Kamran Ekbal (2014). Abdu'l-Bahá was opposed to the cultural and political colonialism of foreign powers and their militaries. In spite of the Bahá'í principle of abstaining from politics, exceptions can be made in the face of tyranny and injustice. [about]
109. Concealment and Burial of the Báb, by Peter Terry, in A Most Noble Pattern: Collected Essays on the Writings of the Báb (2012). This chapter from A.-L.-M. Nicolas' seminal biography Seyyed Ali Mohammed dit le Bab (1905) tells the story of the death and burial of the Bab, compiled from the reports of several eye-witnesses consulted by the author. [about]
110. Concept of 'Light' in Iranian Religion, The, by Moojan Momen (2003-03-25). [about]
111. Conspiracies and Forgeries: The Attack upon the Bahá'í Community in Iran, by Moojan Momen, in Persian Heritage, 9:35 (2004). Early attacks on the Bahá'í community in Iran were made mostly on the basis of religious accusations, but in the 20th century, non-religious accusations based on widely held and often fantastical conspiracy theories have become more prevalent. [about]
112. Constitutional Coherence and the Legal Status of the Bahá'í Community of Iran, by Salim A. Nakhjavani, in FICHL Policy Brief Series, No. 70 (2016-11). Constitutional coherence as a process norm; unfulfilled constitutional promises; aspects of the Iranian constitution and the lived experience of the Bahá'í community. [about]
113. Constitutional Movement and the Bahá'ís of Iran, The: The Creation of an 'Enemy Within', by Moojan Momen, in British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, 39:3 (2012-12). Bahá'ís had a complex relationship with the Constitutionalist Movement, sometimes supporting it and sometimes abstaining from involvement, but the impact of the Bahá'ís on the reformers and on the Revolution has been underestimated. [about]
114. Constructive Resilience: The Bahá'í Response to Oppression, by Michael Karlberg, in Peace and Change, 35:2 (2010-04). Example of the non-adversarial approach of the Bahá'ís in Iran toward social change, their collective response to oppression, and heuristic insights into the dynamics of peace. [about]
115. Constructive Resilience, by Firaydoun Javaheri, in Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 28:4 (2018). How the perseverance of the Bahá'ís in Iran has resulted in the generality of the Iranian people beginning to admire and, in some cases, arising to assist the Bahá'ís. [about]
116. Continuities and Discontinuities in Islamic Perspectives on Cultural Diversity, by Sulayman S. Nyang (1999-02). Contains only brief mention of Bahá'ís, but discusses the Iranian Revolution and related topics. [about]
117. Conversion of Religious Minorities to the Bahá'í Faith in Iran: Some Preliminary Observations, by Susan Maneck, in Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 3:3 (1990). Conversion patterns of Zoroastrians and Jews in the period 1877-1921. [about]
118. "Conversion of Religious Minorities to the Bahá'í Faith in Iran," by Susan Stiles Maneck: Commentary, by Foad Katirai, in Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 5:2 (1992). [about]
119. Crossroads of Civilization: 3000 Years of Persian History, by Clive Irving (1979). Passing mentions of Bábí history and the word "Bábí" being used as a label to tarnish political dissidents. [about]
120. Crowning Anguish: Memoirs of a Persian Princess from the Harem to Modernity 1884-1914, by Taj al-Saltana (1993). Passing references to the Babis in Amanat's introduction to, and in the autobiography of, Nasir al-Din's daughter. [about]
121. Dawn-Breakers: Nabil's Narrative of the Early Days of the Bahá'í Revelation, by Nabil-i-A'zam (1932). The extensive and preeminent history of Babism and the early Bahá'í Faith, by Nabil-i-A'zam [aka Mullá Muḥammad-i-Zarandí, aka Nabíl-i-Zarandí]. [about]
122. Dawn-Breakers: Nabíl's Narrative of the Early Days of The Bahá'í Revelation: Study Guide, by National Teaching Committee (1932). [about]
123. Day of the Covenant 26 November 2003: To the Followers of Baha'u'llah in the Cradle of the Faith, by Universal House of Justice (2003-11-26). A message to the Bahá'ís of Iran; in both English and Persian. [about]
124. De la Córdoba Mora a los Bahá'ís de Irán, by Boris Handal, in Revista Cultura y Religión, 4:1 (2010). Contrast between the contemporary Iranian Bahá'í community and the treatment of religious minorities in Spain under the Moors. [about]
125. Deaths of Two Iranian Bahá'ís, 1997, by Universal House of Justice and National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of the United States (1997-08-18). Reports from the Universal House of Justice and the NSA of the United States on the deaths of Masha'llah Enayati and Shahram Reza'i. [about]
126. Debunking the Myths: Conspiracy Theories on the Genesis and Mission of the Bahá'í Faith, by Adib Masumian (2009). Response to Iranian conspiracy theories portraying the Bahá'í Faith as a subversive political group, Zionist spies, affiliates of the secret police, British agents, etc. Available in English and Persian. Includes interview with author. [about]
127. Declaration of the Bab (Poetic), by David Merrick (2008). A poetic meditation on Mulla Husayn's transformation at the Declaration of the Bab. [about]
128. Der Messianismus des frühen 19. Jahrhunderts und die Entstehung der Baha'i Religion, by Kamran Ekbal, in Iran im 19. Jahrhundert und die Entstehung der Bahá'í Religion, eds. Johann Christoph Bürgel and Isabel Schayani (1998). On the resurgence of a millenarianistic climate in the 19th century from China through the Middle-East to the USA. It highlights the millenniarist mood in Iran at the time of the beginnings of the Bábí and Bahai religions. [about]
129. Dervish of Windsor Castle, The: The Life of Arminius Vambery, by Lory Alder and Richard Dalby (1979). Two-paragraph discussion of Curzon and the Babis. [about]
130. Development of Metaphysics in Persia, The: A Contribution to the History of Muslim Philosophy, by Muhammad Iqbal (1908). Short philosophical observations on the theology of the Báb and Bahá'u'lláh. [about]
131. Diary of H.M. the Shah of Persia, during his tour through Europe in 1873, The, by Nasir al-Din Shah (1874). Contains no mention of the Bábí or Bahá'í Faiths, but is useful for historical context, and a window into the Sháh's worldview. [about]
132. Dispensation of the Bab, The, by Boris Handal (2023). Detailed, systematic presentation of the Báb's teachings; Bábí prophecies relating to Bahá'u'lláh; the extent to which the Báb's laws have been carried forward into the Bahá'í revelation. [about]
133. Dissimulation by Iranian Emmigrants, by Universal House of Justice and National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of the United States (1985-07-03). Letters from the House and the US NSA concerning Bahá'ís who were able to escape Iran in 1997 by denying their Faith. [about]
134. Divine Simplicity: Remembering the last Hand of the Cause of God, 'Ali-Muhammad Varqa, by Jack McLean (2008-09-18). Biography of Dr. Varqa, partly based on interviews with people who knew him in Iran. [about]
135. Document and Narrative Sources for the History of the Battle of Zanjan, by John Walbridge, in Occasional Papers in Shaykhi, Babi and Baha'i Studies, 2:4 (1998-05). Analysis of Muslim and Bahá'í historical texts, including Dawnbreakers. [about]
136. Dolgorukov Memoirs, by Moojan Momen, in Encyclopaedia Iranica, Volume 7 (1996). Very brief article, short enough to qualify as "fair use." [about]
137. Domestic Temporalities: Sensual Patterning in Persian Migratory Landscapes, by Simone Dennis and Megan Warin, in Indo-Pacific Journal of Phenomenology, 7:2 (2007-09). Embodied paths of patterning, memory and emotion amongst Persian immigrant women in Adelaide, especially the Bahá'í expatriate community. Link to document (offsite). [about]
138. Dr. Cormick's Accounts of his Personal Impressions of Mirza 'Ali Muhammad, The Báb, by Dr. Cormick, in Materials for the Study of the Babi Religion (1848/1918). A Westerner's account of meeting the Bab in 1848, and an account of separate incidents involving the persecution of Babis. [about]
139. Dreams and their Interpretation in the Bahá'í Religion: Some Preliminary Remarks, by Necati Alkan, in Online Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 1 (2007). Outline of the importance of dreams and their interpretation in the Bahá'í Religion; dream interpretation in Islam; statements on dreams by Bahá'u'lláh and 'Abdu'l-Bahá; a dream interpretation by 'Abdu'l-Bahá in Ottoman Turkish. [about]
140. Dress for Mona, A: Abridged one-act version, by Mark Perry (2002). The story of Mona Mahmudnizhad. [about]
141. Early Bahá'í Census in Iran, by Universal House of Justice (2016-02-03). No systematic census was taken of the numbers of early believers, before the Guardian's call for such a count in 1923. Iran's own statistics in the 1920s count "several tens of thousands" of Bahá'ís. [about]
142. Early Mention of Bábís in Western Newspapers, Summer 1850 (1850). Very brief newspaper mentions about the rise of the Bábí movement: Tioga Eagle (Wellsborough, Pennsylvania) 1850-08-21; Church and State Gazette (Middlesex, London) 1850-07-19; Nevada State Journal 1871-12-23. [about]
143. Early Zoroastrian Conversions to the Baha'i Faith in Yazd, Iran, by Susan Maneck, in Studies in the Bábí and Bahá'í Religions, vol. 2 (1984). A history of the gradual process of conversion among some Zoroastrians to the Bahá'í Faith in Iran from the 1880s to 1921, based on heretofore unstudied biographical materials. [about]
144. Eastern Persia: An Account of the Journeys of the Persian Boundary Commission 1870-72, by Major St. John (1876). Brief description of the town of Nírís [Nayriz], "the head-quarters of Bábism," and the road to Shiraz. [about]
145. Efforts to preserve the remains of the Bab: Four historical accounts, by Ahang Rabbani, in Bahá'í Studies Review, 11 (2003). Accounts by Mirza Hasan Adib Taliqani, Fadil Mazandarani, ‘Abdu’l-Husayn Avarih, and Aqa Husayn ‘Ali Nur. [about]
146. El Fuego en la Cima de la Montaña, by Gloria A. Faizi (1993). Traducción de Fire on the Mountain-Top (Faizi, 1973). [about]
147. Emblems of Faithfulness: Pluralism in Meaning and Beauty in the Ordinary, by Helen Cheng and Catherine Nash, in Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 25:3 (2015). Memorials of the Faithful is notable for the diversity of personalities described, and the sheer ordinariness of many of those remembered lives. These two aspects of the text highlight some of the broader questions raised by the Bahá'í Faith. [about]
148. En Perse: La Constitution, by A.L.M. Nicolas, in Revue du Monde Musulman, 1:1 (1906-11). Three documents related to the first Iranian Constitution, with passing mentions of Babis. [about]
149. Encouragement of the Arts During the Ministry of 'Abdu'l-Bahá: The Services of Master Calligrapher Mishkín-Qalam, by Nooshfar Afnan, in Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 33:1-2 (2023-10). ‘Abdu’l-Bahá promoted the arts, including through support of Mishkín-Qalam and artistic conceptions for the interment of the remains of the Báb, the construction of the first Bahá’í House of Worship, and transcription of Bahá’í literature. [about]
150. Encyclopaedia Iranica: Selected articles related to Persian culture, religion, philosophy and history, by Encyclopaedia Iranica, in Encyclopaedia Iranica (1982-2023). Sorted, categorized collection of links to over 170 articles. [about]
151. Encyclopedia of Islam and The Muslim World, by William F. McCants and John Walbridge (2004). Articles on Abdu'l-Bahá, the Báb, Bahá'u'lláh, the Bábí and Bahá'í Faiths, Hujjatiya, Persian language and literature, Shaykhism, and Twelver Shi'ism. [about]
152. English Amongst the Persians During the Qajar Period 1787-1921, The, by Denis Wright (1977). Passing mentions of Bahá'ís seeking support or asylum from British consulates or missionaries in the 1800s; overview of E. G. Browne's time in Iran. [about]
153. Enslaved African Women in Nineteenth-Century Iran: The Life of Fezzeh Khanom of Shiraz, by Anthony Lee, in Iranian Studies, 45:3 (2012-02). Through an examination of the life of this servant of The Bab, this paper addresses the enormous gap in our knowledge of the experience of enslaved women in Iran. [about]
154. Episode of The 'Báb', by E. Crawshay Williams, in Acoss Persia (1907). Brief overview of the Báb's execution. [about]
155. European Bahá'í Youth Conference in Innsbruck, by Universal House of Justice (1983-07-04). Challenges facing European Bahá'í Youth, followed by consolation to Bahá'í youth in light of the 1983 martyrdoms of young Bahá'ís in Iran. [about]
156. Events and Tragedies of Manshád, The, by Muhammad-Tahir Malmiri (2007). Events and martyrs from the uprisings in Manshad and Yazd, in 1903. A translation of Haji Málmírí's Tarikh Shuhaday Yazd, pp. 432-503. [about]
157. Execution of the Jews of Banu Quraida and the Conquest of Persia, The: The Dilemma of Early Islam, by Kamran Ekbal, in Iran Nameh (2014). Abdu'l-Bahá's views on the mass execution of the Banu Qurayza Jews in Medina in 627 A.D. [article in Persian]. [about]
158. Exposition of the Tablet of the World (Lawh-i-Dunyá), An, by James B. Thomas, in Lights of Irfan, 4 (2003). To fully appreciate the historical significance of the Tablet of the World, this essay first portrays the developing conditions in Persia and in the world that preceded this Tablet, then discusses its salient points. [about]
159. Eyewitness Account of the Massacre of Bahá'ís in Nayriz, 1909, by Baharieh Rouhani Ma'ani, in Lights of Irfan, 14 (2013). Shaykh Dhakariyya's rebellion in Nayriz culminated in the martyrdom of nineteen Bahá'ís on Naw Ruz, 1909, the same day Abdu'l-Bahá interred the remains of the Bab in the mausoleum on Mount Carmel. This is a history of both events. [about]
160. Faith Denied, A: The Persecution of the Bahá'ís of Iran, by Iran Human Rights Documentation Center (2006-12). The Iran Human Rights Documentation Center's account of persecutions of Bahá'ís of Iran (2006). [about]
161. Family Law in Iran, by Sen McGlinn (2001). Detailed overview of 20th-century Iranian laws regarding marriage, divorce, marriage rights and duties, dowry, and inheritance. Contains passing mentions of the Bahá'í Faith. [about]
162. Family of Mullá Husayn, The, by Boris Handal (2023). The life, context, and times of Mullá Husayn-i-Bushrú’í (1813-1849), the Bábu'l-Báb, "Gate of the Gate." [about]
163. Feminist Movements in the Late Qajar Period, by Janet Afary and et al., in Encyclopaedia Iranica (1999/2020). Brief excerpt, with link to article offsite. [about]
164. Fifty Three Years In Syria, by Henry H. Jessup (1910). Passing encounters between Bahá'ís and a Christian missionary in Iran, 1867-1901. [about]
165. Fire on the Mountain-Top, by Gloria A. Faizi (1973/2005). A collection of stories about early members of the Bahá’í Faith, based on accounts gathered in Persia by 'Azizu'llah Sulaymani. [about]
166. First newspaper story of the events of the Bábí Faith (2013). Six versions of the first public mentions in English of the Bábís, from November 1845. [about]
167. First Recorded Bahá'í Fireside, The, by Christopher Buck, in Bahá'í Studies Review, 21 (2019). An episode from Browne's A Year Amongst the Persians which can be regarded as a first "fireside" — a meeting with Bahá'ís in Shiraz in March 1888. [about]
168. Five unpublished contemporary documents relating to The Bab's examination at Tabriz in 1848, in Materials for the Study of the Babi Religion (1848). [about]
169. Flame with Us, A, by Ali Nakhjavani (n.d.). Discussion of the persecution of the Bahá'ís in Iran and the need for Bahá'ís to be transformed and enlightened. Delivered in the early 1980s in Canada. [about]
170. Followers of Beha in Persia, The, by Charles H. Stileman, in Church Missionary Intelligencer, 49:593, 23:273 (1898-09). A follow-up to the author's 1893 article "A Week with the Babis." [about]
171. Footprints in the Sands of Time, by Shahla Gillbanks (2019). Memoir of time as a Bahá'í in Iran and pioneer to other countries around the world, and a historical account of service in the United States, New Zealand, and Czechoslovakia. [about]
172. Foreigner: From an Iranian Village to New York City and the Lights That Led the Way, by Hussein Ahdieh and Hillary Chapman (2019). Biography of a young boy in Nayriz, Iran in the mid 20th-century, his reflection on the sad society; his experience as a immigrant in the United States, struggle to make the American dream, and helped the innovative Harlem Prep, a Bahá'í inspired School. [about]
173. Formation de la Secte des Babi, by Carla Serena, in Hommes et Choses en Perse (1883). Also sections "Les Exploits de la Secte de Babi," "Mort du Point," "Complot des Bábí contre Nasser-Eddin," and "Attentat." Historical overview from a traveller to Persia in 1877-1878, who says she met with a witness to events. [about]
174. Freemasonry, Bahá'ísm, and British Tudehis, in The Rise and Fall of the Pahlavi Dynasty: Memoirs of Former General Hussein Fardust (1999). Overview of Bahá'í activities during the period of Mohammad Reza Shah, from the hostile perspective of Hossein Fardoust, deputy head of SAVAK. [about]
175. From Iran East and West, in Studies in the Bábí and Bahá'í Religions, Volume 2 (1984). Essays on Bahá'í history in the Middle East, the United States, and India. [about]
176. From Moorish Cordova to the Bahá'ís of Iran: Islamic Tolerance and Intolerance, by Boris Handal, in IDEA: A Journal of Social Issues, 12:1 (2007-09-08). Though Bahá'ís are persecuted in Iran, Muhammad taught understanding and respect towards religious minorities. Cordova, Spain is an example of historical tolerance where Muslims, Christians and Jews co-existed harmoniously under Islamic rule. [about]
177. From Outsider to Outsider: A Study of Iranian Bahá'ís' Identity in Iran and the United States, by Naghme Naseri Morlock, in Journal of Hate Studies, 18:1 (2023). The denial of a national identity of Bahá'ís in Iran; their experiences in the U.S.; cultural differences between immigrant and American Bahá'ís; the importance of religious identity; how religious, national, and cultural identities are negotiated. [about]
178. Further Comments on a Passage of the Lawh-i-Hikmat, by Amin E. Egea, in Lights of Irfan, Volume 10 (2009). A study of Pre-Islamic sources on the relation of Greek Philosophers and Jewish sages. [about]
179. Further extracts concerning the remains of the Bab in Tehran, by Asadu'llah Fadil Mazandarani and Avarih (n.d.). Two brief excerpts [about]
180. Genesis of the Bábí-Bahá'í Faiths in Shíráz and Fárs, The, by Mirza Habibu'llah Afnan, in Witnesses to Babi and Bahá'í History, vol. 1 (2008). Detailed account of the early years of the Bab, events of the 1880s and 1890s, the Constitutional Revolution years, and appendices for the study of the Bahá'í community in Shíráz. [about]
181. Glimpses of Life and Manners in Persia: With Notes on Russia, Koords, Toorkomans, Nestorians, Khiva, and Persia, by Lady Mary (Leonora Woulfe) Sheil (1856). Considered first travel book on Persia by a woman. Of particular interest to Bahá'ís are her accounts on Babism (Babeeism) and the Bab. [about]
182. Gobineau's Account of the Beginnings of the Bahá'í Revelation, by Howard B. Garey, in World Order, 31:4 (2000 Summer). Short summary of the Bab's time in Shiraz and Mecca, circa 1843. [about]
183. Half the Household Was African: Recovering the Histories of Two African Slaves in Iran, by Anthony Lee, in UCLA Historical Journal, 26:1 (2015). Biographies of two enslaved Africans in Iran, Haji Mubarak and Fezzeh Khanum, the servants of The Bab. A history of slavery in Iran can be written, not only at the level of statistics, laws, and politics, but also at the level of individual lives. [about]
184. Heroic in the Historical Writings of Shoghi Effendi and Nabil, The, by Jack McLean (2006). Unlike academic historians, Shoghi Effendi and Nabil interpret the events and characters they portray in moralistic terms. This paper explores the heroic motif through a literary framework in the model of Thomas Carlyle's concept of the prophet as hero. [about]
185. Hidden Words and Sounds: Tracing Iranian Legacies and Traumas in the Music of the Bahá'ís of North America, by Daniel Akira Stadnicki (2019). On the legacy of Persian culture, aesthetics, and history of religious persecution as reflected in Bahá'í American music; themes of religious oppression, persecution, and martyrdom; Iranian diaspora, transnational music-making, and cosmopolitanism. [about]
186. Hints for Residents and Travellers in Persia, by A. R. Neligan (1914). 2-sentence mention of Babis/Bahá'ís. [about]
187. Historia Universal, by Cesar Cantu (1859). 1-sentence mention. [about]
188. History of Persia from the Beginning of the Nineteenth Century to the Year 1858, A, by Robert Grant Watson (1866). A review of the events that led to the establishment of the Qajar dynasty, with discussion of the Babis. [about]
189. History of the House of Bahá'u'lláh in Tihran, Iran (1978). Brief history of the birth-place of Bahá'u'lláh distributed to pilgrims to the site. [about]
190. Hojjatieh (Hujjatiya), by Mahmoud Sadri, in Encyclopaedia Iranica, Volume 12 (2004). Brief excerpt, with link to article offsite. [about]
191. Human Rights Watch on Persecution of Baha'is in Iran, by Reuters (1997-09-24). Two articles covering a report by Human Rights Watch on the treatment of the Bahá'ís and other minorities in Iran. [about]
192. Ideology, Ethics, and Philosophical Discourse in Eighteenth-Century Iran, by Juan Cole, in Iranian Studies, 22:1 (1989 Winter). Intellectual biography as a discipline assumes that the life and thought of an individual can shed light on an epoch. This paper examines 1700s Iran via the Shi'i scholar Mohammad Mehdi Niraq (d. 1794). No mention of the Bábí or Bahá'í Faiths. [about]
193. Ihsan'u'llah Khan Dustdar, die Kaukasischen Revolutionare und die Grundung der Sozialistischen Sowjetrepublik Iran 1920-1921, by Kamran Ekbal, in Osmanismus, Nationalismus und der Kaukasus: Muslime und Christen, Turken und Armenier im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert (2005). Dustdar was a Bahai commander of the Persian Red Army who in 1920-1921 landed with his revolutionary Persian Forces on the southern shores of the Caspian to establish the Socialist Soviet Republic of Iran. [about]
194. In Iran, in Studies in Bábí and Bahá'í History, Volume 3 (1986). Essays on Bábí-Bahá'í history, sociology, and theology in Iran. [about]
195. In Memoriam: Kamran Ekbal (1946 - 2014), by Ramez Ekbal, in Lights of Irfan, 16 (2015). Bio of a scholar, translator of the Writings, and frequent contributor to the Irfan Colloquia. [about]
196. In the Face of Oppression, by Geoffrey Cameron, in The Mark News (2011-07-29). The Bahá'ís in Iran have long been persecuted, but stand strong in their pursuit of a just society. [about]
197. In the Land of the Lion and the Sun, or, Modern Persia: Being Experiences of Life in Persia from 1866 to 1881, by Charles James Wills (1891). Numerous passing mentions of the Bábí Faith. [about]
198. Interdependence of Bahá'í Communities, The: Services of North American Bahá'í Women to Iran, by Baharieh Rouhani Ma'ani, in Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 4:1 (1991). Some early American Bahá’í women’s contribution to the development of the Iranian Bahá’í community. [about]
199. Internationalism and Divine Law: A Baha'i Perspective, by Roshan Danesh, in Journal of Law and Religion, 19:2 (2004). On the internationalism motif in Bahá'í political and legal thought; the place of divine legal claims in contemporary debates about models of world order; religion as a unifying force; concept of divine law in both Persian and Islamic history. [about]
200. Introduction to Abdu'l-Baha's The Secret of Divine Civilization, An, by Nader Saiedi, in Converging Realities, 1:1 (2000). 'Abdu'l-Bahá's The Secret of Divine Civilization in the context of the Iranian social and political situation of the day, and comments on its contribution to ongoing debates on certain religious, social, and political debates. [about]
201. Invisible Occidentalism: Eighteenth-Century Indo-Persian Constructions of the West, by Juan Cole, in Iranian Studies, 25:3-4 (1992 Summer-Fall). Iranian attitudes toward Western culture, science, and philosophers in the colonial era. (No mention of Babis or Bahá'ís.) [about]
202. Iran: Religious Life, by Eric Hooglund, in Countries of the World (1991-01-01). Descriptions of the principal religious communities in Iran. [about]
203. Iran: History of the Bahá'í Faith, by Moojan Momen (1994). [about]
204. Iran: Suppression of religious freedom and persecution of religious minorities: case studies, by Thomas Schirrmacher, in International Journal of Religious Freedom, 2:1 (2009). The legal status of non-Shiite Muslims, Bahá'ís, and various Christian confessions in Iran. [about]
205. Iran since the Revolution, by Sepehr Zabih (1982). Discussion of the Iranian constitution, with one passing mention of Bahá'ís not being recognized. [about]
206. Iran's Systemic Denial of Access to Higher Education, by Saman Sabeti, in FICHL Policy Brief Series, No. 84 (2017). Discrimination as embedded in the Iranian Constitution and in higher education since 1979; dismissal and expulsion; exclusion by application form; exclusion by process; how the victims have responded. [about]
207. Iran, Bahá'í Community of, by Vahid Rafati, in Encyclopaedia Iranica, Volume 3 (1989). Brief excerpt, with link to article offsite. [about]
208. Iran: Province of Ádharbáyján, by Moojan Momen (1994). [about]
209. Iran: Province of Fárs, by Moojan Momen (1994). [about]
210. Iran: Province of Gílán, by Moojan Momen (1994). History of the Bahá'í Faith in the Iranian province of Gilan. [about]
211. Iran: Province of Isfahan, by Moojan Momen (1994). [about]
212. Iran: Province of Káshán and Central Provinces (Sultánábád, Mahallát, and Gulpáygán), by Moojan Momen (1994). [about]
213. Iran: Province of Khamsih (Zanján), by Moojan Momen (1994). [about]
214. Iran: Province of Khurásán, by Moojan Momen (1994). [about]
215. Iran: Province of Khúzistán, by Moojan Momen (1994). [about]
216. Iran: Province of Qazvín, by Moojan Momen (1994). [about]
217. Iran: Province of Tehran (including Qumm, Simnán, and Dámghán), by Moojan Momen (1994). [about]
218. Iran: Province of Yazd, by Moojan Momen (1994). [about]
219. Iran: Provinces of Kirmán and Sístán, by Moojan Momen (1994). [about]
220. Iran: Provinces of Kirmánsháh, Hamadán, Kurdistán, and Luristán, by Moojan Momen (1994). [about]
221. Iran: Provinces of Mázandarán and Gurgán, by Moojan Momen (1994). [about]
222. Iranian Believers Throughout the World, Message to, by Universal House of Justice (1997). Inspirational discussion of the history of the Bahá'ís in Iran, including exhortations for the education of Persian children and youth. [about]
223. Iranian Expatriates, Letter to, following 1979 Iranian Revolution, by Universal House of Justice, in Bahá'í World, Vol. 18 (1979-1983) (1986). Letter of support and guidance to Iranians who had recently fled the Iranian Revolution, dated 10 February 1980. [about]
224. Iranian fun and games with Bahá'í followers, by Ted Slavin, in St. Catharines Standard (2010-08-21). Satirical look at contemporary Iranian persecutions of the Bahá'ís. [about]
225. Iranian Millenarianism and Democratic Thought in the Nineteenth Century, by Juan Cole, in International Journal of Middle East Studies, 24:1 (1992-02). The growth of belief in representative government within the Bahá'í faith in the last third of the 19th century as an example of how popular opinion in Iran was changing prior to the Constitutional Revolution. [about]
226. Iranian National Bahá'í Archives (INBA) (1976-1978). 105 volumes of Bahá'í writings and manuscripts, compiled before the Islamic revolution in Iran by the Bahá'í National Spiritual Assembly and distributed as photocopies to Bahá'í scholars and archives, for preservation. [about]
227. Iranian Refugees: The Many Faces of Persecution, by Allen K. Jones (1984-12). A paper detailing the persecution and displacement of Iranian refugees (including Bahá'ís) due to religious, ethnic, and political reasons following the 1979 Iranian Revolution, emphasizing their global spread and challenges in asylum and resettlement. [about]
228. Iranian Refugees in America: A Cross-Cultural Perspective, by Frank Lewis and Puran Stevens (1986). Introduction to Persian culture, history, and customs, designed as an aid in cultural understanding for Americans interacting with Iranian emigrants. [about]
229. Islam and Minorities: The Case of the Baha'is, by Christopher Buck, in Studies in Contemporary Islam, 5.1–2 (2003-06). "The Bahá'í question" is really a test case for whether Islam can legitimately claim to respect human rights today. Includes a Persian translation of the original article. [about]
230. Islam in Persia, by W. St. Clair Tisdall, in The Mohammedan World of To-Day (1906). Passing discussions of Babis and Bahá'ís in Iran at the start of the 20^th century (pages 115-118, 121, 129-130). [about]
231. Islam: The Straight Path, by John L. Esposito (1988). Passing mention of political persecutions. [about]
232. Italian Scientist Extols the Báb, An, by Ugo Giachery, in Bahá'í World, Vol. 12 (1950-54) (1956). On the life of Michele Lessona (1823-1894), a scientist, writer, explorer, and educator, who visited Iran and wrote a 66-page monograph entitled I Babi (1881): one of the first documentations made by a European of the episode of the Báb. [about]
233. Journey Motif in the Bahá'í Faith, The: From Doubt to Certitude, by Roshan Danesh, in Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 22:1-4 (2012). The process of individual spiritual growth lies at the heart of human purpose. Bahá’u’lláh speaks about the collective spiritualization of humanity — creating new patterns of community and social relations — as the "journey" of the human body politic. [about]
234. Joycean Modernism in a Nineteenth-Century Qur'an Commentary?: A Comparison of The Báb's Qayyūm Al-Asmā' with Joyce's Ulysses, by Todd Lawson, in Erin and Iran: Cultural Encounters between the Irish and the Iranians, ed. H. E. Chehabi and Grace Neville (2015). Comparison of the formal structure of the two works and themes such as time; oppositions and their resolution; relation between form and content; prominence of epiphany; manifestation, advent and apocalypse; and the theme of heroism, reading and identity. [about]
235. Judeo-Persian Communities of Iran in the Qajar Period: Conversion to the Bahá'í Faith, by Mehrdad Amanat, in Encyclopaedia Iranica (2009). Brief excerpt, with link to article offsite. [about]
236. Kashan: Religious Communities: Bahá'í Community, by Mehrdad Amanat, in Encyclopaedia Iranica, 16:1 (2012). [about]
237. Khamsis, The: A Cradle of True Gold, by Boris Handal (2020-07). Biography of the five-brother Báqirof-Khamsi clan, designated by Bahá'u'lláh as the "Five Siyyids" after they accepted the Bahá'í Faith in 1881. [about]
238. Kirk, Durbin Introduce Resolution Condemning Iran's Continued Persecution of Bahá'í Minority, by Mark Kirk and Dick Durbin (2013-03-12). In recognition of the five-year anniversary of imprisonment of Bahá'í leaders in Iran, senators meet with their family members and friends and introduce a joint resolution calling attention to this persecution. [about]
239. Last Great Revolution, The: Turmoil and Transformation in Iran, by Robin Wright (2000). Mentions of the Bahá'ís not having political representation in Iran; brief summary of Bahá'í persecutions (in footnote). [about]
240. Le Journal de Constantinople (1848-1851). Collection of 818 files, unsorted. They contain an unknown number of references to the Báb and his milieu. Four entries have been found so far, and searching this archive may yield more. [about]
241. Left in Contemporary Iran, The, by Sepehr Zabih (1986). Discussion of "urban guerilla warfare" pre-1979 with one passing mention of an unnamed Bahá'í businessman as owner of Export Bank. [about]
242. Les Bahaïs du Caucase: b.a.-ba d'une communauté méconnue, by Azer Jafarov and Bayram Balci, in Religion et politique dans le Caucase post-soviétique (2007). Chapter on "the Bahá'ís of the Caucasus, the basics [lit. the ABCs] of an unknown community." [about]
243. Letter on the Attempted Assassination of Nasir al-Din Shah, by Alfred von Goumoëns, in Oesterreichischer Soldatenfruend (1852-10-12). Austrian captain Alfred von Goumoëns witnessed and reported on the attempted assassination of Násir ad-Dín Sháh and sent this letter to an Austrian newspaper. [about]
244. Letter to the Friends, Throughout the East and the West, through the Spiritual Assemblies, by Local Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of Haifa (1938-02). 3-page report by Z. N. Zeine on questions directed at a Dr. 'Abdu'llah Jawid in Khorasan "as a result of recording himself as a Bahá'í on his military identity card" and his subsequent demotion after declining to stop promoting the Faith. [about]
245. Letter [on Babis and Nestorians], by Austin Wright, in Missionary Herald, 49:3 (1853). Letter from November 1852, with a brief mention of the assassination attempt on the Sháh. [about]
246. Lifetime with 'Abdu'l-Bahá, A: Reminiscences of Khalíl Shahídí, in Witnesses to Babi and Bahá'í History, vol. 9 (2008). Extensive recollections of four decades with the Holy Family in the time of Abdu'l-Bahá and Shoghi Effendi. Includes appendices on the next Manifestation, Bahá'í holy days, avoidance of tobacco, penmanship, and observations on daily life of the time. [about]
247. Light of the World: Selected Tablets of 'Abdu'l-Bahá, by Abdu'l-Bahá (2021). Tablets of ‘Abdul-Bahá describing aspects of the life of Bahá’u’lláh including the tribulations He suffered, events in His homeland, the purpose and greatness of His Cause, and the nature and significance of His Covenant. [about]
248. List of Articles on BahaiTeachings.org, by Christopher Buck (2020). List of online essays and articles by Christopher Buck since 2014. [about]
249. Literary Imitation in Three Poems Attributed to Tahirih Qurrat al-ʿAyn, by Sahba Shayani, in Hawwa, 21:4 (2023-12). The poetry of Tahirih has largely been ignored by historians, partly from politico-religious intolerance, but also because of a lack of detailed information and primary sources; comparison of three of her most famous istiqbál poems. [about]
250. Love of Iran, A, by Iraj Ghanooni (2022). Philosophical reflections on how fundamentally our homeland shapes our reality, and how ‘Abdu’l-Bahá’s deep love of His own homeland of Iran went far beyond a particularistic sentiment of nationalism and was in fact one of "universal patriotism." [about]
251. Mahdi in Persia and Syria, The, by Richard G. Badger, in Messiahs Christian and Pagan (1918). Extract on the Bábí and Bahá'í Faiths, in a book exploring the concept of the Mahdi, a messianic figure in Islamic tradition. [about]
252. Making of a Survivor, The: A Foreigner's Story, by Hussein Ahdieh, in IranWire (2019-05-22). The author on his new book, growing up as a Baha’i in Iran, and how his faith and family nourished and taught him to be who he is today. [about]
253. Man of Courage, The: A Brief Account of the Bahá'í Life of Mírzá Áqá Khán Qá'im-Maqámí, by Hasan Nushabadi (2019). Mirza Aqa Khan Qa'im-Maqami (1868-1954) was the great grandson of Mirza Abu'l-Qasim Farahani, the Qa'im-Maqam, the first Prime Minister of Persia to serve under Muḥammad Sháh, and the first of the Qaʼim-Maqam’s descendants to accept the Bahá'í Faith. [about]
254. Map of Persia, in Nabil's Dawnbreakers (1932). Map included in the 1932 edition of Dawnbreakers. [about]
255. Martyrdom of the Bab, by David Merrick (2008). Martyrdom of the Bab, told in plain English and suitable for reading aloud. Based on many early accounts. [about]
256. Martyrdom of the Bab: An Outline for Researchers, by David Merrick (2019-10-14). The events of the Martyrdom of the Bab, including the weeks before and days after, presented through complementary and contrasting accounts with commentary, suitable for anyone investigating the events in detail. [about]
257. Martyrs of Manshad, by Siyyid Muhammad Tabíb Manshádi, in World Order, 28:1 (1996/2005). Detailed eyewitness account of martyrdoms in Iran in 1903. [about]
258. Massacres de Babis en Perse, by A.L.M. Nicolas (1936). On events in 1903 in Rasht, Isfahan, Yazd, and Tehran, written by a French consul in Iran. [about]
259. Memoirs of Count Dolgorukov: A Summary, by Moshe Sharon (2011). Summary of pages 25-91 of the Arabic text of the "Memoirs of Count Dolgorukov," a fraudulent work. [about]
260. "Memoirs of Dolgorukov" and "The Protocols of the Elders Of Zion", by Moshe Sharon (2007). Comparison of two fraudulent anti-religion works: "Elders of Zion" is one of the most notorious anti-Semitic books, long used by opponents of Judaism; "Memoirs" are the supposed anti-Bábí political confessions of the Russian Amb. Dimitri Dolgorukov. [about]
261. Memories of 'Abdu'l-Bahá, by Ali M. Yazdi, in Bahá'í World, Vol. 18 (1979-1983) (1986). Recollections by a prominent Iranian-American Bahá'í. [about]
262. Memories of the Báb, Bahá'u'lláh and 'Abdu'l-Bahá: Memoirs of Mírzá Habíbu'lláh Afnán, in Witnesses to Babi and Bahá'í History, vol. 4 (2005). Autobiography of a close confidant of the holy family. Includes appendices on Bahá'í historical places in Shiraz, the Afnán family genealogy, and excerpts from Houshmand Fatheazam’s diary [about]
263. Mention of the Babi and Baha'i Faiths in the New York Times 1852 - 1922, in New York Times (1852-1922). 45 articles and brief mentions, spanning 70 years. [about]
264. Mentions of the Bábí and Bahá'í Faiths in Encyclopedia Iranica: Sixty Excerpts, by Hamid Algar and Moojan Momen, in Encyclopaedia Iranica (1985-2013). Excerpts of 60 articles in the Encyclopedia, with links to the offsite originals, which contain a reference to the Faith. These items are not long enough to warrant a separate entry in this Library, yet are included here for ease of discovery. [about]
265. Messages from the Universal House of Justice 1963-1986: Third Epoch of the Formative Age, by Universal House of Justice (1996). [about]
266. Millennialism in Modern Iranian History, by Juan Cole, in Imagining the End: Visions of Apocalypse from the Ancient Middle East to Modern America, eds. Abbas Amanat and Magnus Bernhardsson (2002). Religions in Iran have been volatile and evolving, from a tool of the establishment to representing the voice of the oppressed, from passive to revolutionary. Bahá'u'lláh adapted these motifs to create a vehicle for socially-liberal and democratic ideals. [about]
267. Mission of the Báb, The: Retrospective 1844-1994, by Douglas Martin, in Bahá'í World, Vol. 23 (1994-1995) (1996). The revelation of the Báb in the context of its impact on the Western writers of the period and its subsequent influence. [about]
268. Most Dramatic Chapter in the Spiritual History of Humankind, A: A Pictorial Essay, by Julio Savi, in Bahá'í World (2020-05). Introduction to the life of the Báb, with historical photo-realistic illustrations by Romanian artist Simina Boicu Rahmatian. [about]
269. Muhammad Musaddiq and the Bahá'ís, by Bahram Choubine (2010). Two essays: "Dr. Mohammad Mosaddegh and the Baha’is" (2009) and "Suppression of the Baha’is of Iran in 1955" (2008). [about]
270. Muhammad-Taqi Wakil al-Dawla Shirazi, by Soli Shahvar, in Encyclopaedia Iranica (2016). Brief excerpt, with link to article offsite. [about]
271. Mulla Husayn's Journey: Google Earth video, by Boris Handal (2022). This silent video captured from Google Earth shows Mulla Husayn's 800km, 82-day journey from Mashhad to Shaykh Tabarsi with 200+ Babis (21 July - 12 October 1848). [about]
272. Mulla Sadiq-i-Khurasani (Muqaddas), by Vahid Rafati, in Encyclopaedia Iranica (2016). Brief excerpt, with link to article offsite. [about]
273. Mutilated Body of the Modern Nation: Qurrat al-'Ayn's Unveiling and the Persian Massacre of the Bábís, by Negar Mottahedeh, in Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East, 18:2 (1998). A Freudian interpretation of the extreme antipathy underlying common Iranian opposition to the Babis/Bahá'ís as being disruptive symbols of destabilizing modernism, with the stories of Qurratu'l-'Ayn's public unveiling a central element.    [about]
274. Mystery of Martyrdom, The, by Darius Shahrokh and Grace Shahrokh, in Windows to the Past (1992). Life stories of many early martyrs, and some explanations of what inspires self-sacrifice. [about]
275. Ná'ím: A Bahá'í Poet, by Roy P. Mottahedeh, in World Order (1967 Winter). Biography of and selection of poems by a Persian Bahá'í in the time of Bahá'u'lláh and Abdu'l-Bahá. [about]
276. Nabil's Narrative: What History has Forgotten, by Soheila Vahdati (2008-09-18). An outsider's view of how Iranian media and society have glossed over or intentionally obscured Iran's treatment of 19th-century dissidents. [about]
277. Nature of the Persecution against the Bahá'ís in Iran, by Bahá'í International Community (2010-02). The situation of the Bahá'ís in Iran in 2010; historical and legal context; denial of individual and communal rights; incitement to hatred based on religion or belief. [about]
278. Navjote of a Converted Zoroastrian Bahai, The: (Chapter 68), by Maneckji Nuserwanji Dhalla, in Dastur Dhalla, the Saga of a Soul: Autobiography of Shams-ul-ulama Dastur Dr. Maneckji Nusserwanji Dhalla (1975). Overview of the Faith, and the author's interactions with Bahá'ís in the early 1900s. (Navjote is the initiation ceremony where a child receives his/her ceremonial garments and first performs the Zoroastrian ritual.) [about]
279. Nayriz Heroes: 22 Biographies of Bábís and Bahá'ís from Nayriz, Calligraphy of Ahmad Nayrizi, and Poetry of Vafá, by Hussein Ahdieh (2013). Bios of Muhammad Shafi, Nayrizi Vahidi, Abu Turab, Imam Jumih Shirazi, Ahmad Khoshnevis Nayrizi, Muhammad Nayrizi, Pari Jan Khanum, Shaykh Bahá'í, Jalal Misaghi, Rooha Ahdieh Misaghi, Muhammad Husayn, Shafi Rouhani, Ja'fari Yazdi, Ibrahim Khoshnevis, etc. [about]
280. New History (tarikh-i-jadid) of Mirza Ali-Muhammed the Bab, The, by Husayn Hamadani (1893). Detailed history of the Bab, translated into English. Also known as Tarikh-i Badi'-i Bayani. [about]
281. Non-Governmental Perspective on the Relative Effectiveness of Multilateral and Bilateral Measures to Combat Hate Speech, A: An Analysis of Tools Deployed in Response to Religious Hate Speech in Iran, by Bani Dugal, in Religion, Hateful Expression and Violence, 41:23 (2023-07). International Human Rights framework; Iran's obligations under international law; history of Bahá'í persecution; connections between media, propaganda, and violence; reactions and responses to hate speech from the United Nations and the global community. [about]
282. Non-Involvement in Partisan Politics, by Universal House of Justice (2013-03-02). Lengthy letter to the Bahá'ís of Iran, and copied to all NSAs, about how Bahá'ís can contribute to global civilization-building partly through the community's own growth and development, and through non-political involvement in society at large. [about]
283. Nonpartisan Engagement in Public Affairs: A Critical Analysis of the Bahá'í Approach to Dialogue, Democracy, and Diplomatic Relations, by Bui Tyril (2009-10). How to address the dilemma of protesting human rights abuses in Iran while remaining non-partisan. Link to thesis (offsite). [about]
284. Note on Babi and Baha'i Numbers in Iran, A, by Peter Smith, in Iranian Studies, 17:2-3 (1984). Estimates, sources, and bibliography for early Bábí and Bahá'í populations. [about]
285. Notes on Persian Love Poems, by Marzieh Gail, in World Order (1968 Spring). A short history of Persian poetry. Includes a selection of poems by Hafiz, Rumi, Ali-Kuli Khan, and others, many related to the Bahá'í Faith or quoted by Bahá'u'lláh or Abdu'l-Bahá, and one written for Abdu'l-Bahá. [about]
286. Now They Are Hanging Women, by Jaine Toth (2018). Notes and script of a presentation on contemporary persecution of Bahá'ís in Iran; title taken from a newspaper headline for an article announcing the execution by hanging of ten Iranian Bahá’í women on June 18, 1983. [about]
287. Obituary: Alimurad Davudi (1922-1979), by Novin Doostdar, in Bahá'í Studies Review, 9 (1999). Davudi was Professor of Philosophy at Tehran University, and long-time secretary of the Iranian Bahá'í National Spiritual Assembly; he was abducted by government agents, and assumed to have been murdered shortly after the Islamic Revolution. [about]
288. Off the Grid: Reading Iranian Memoirs in Our Time of Total War, by Negar Mottahedeh, in Middle East Research and Information Project (2004-09). Observations on contemporary culture and gender issues in Iran. [about]
289. Old Charges for a New Religion, Some, by Susan Maneck (2009-01-24). The background and significance of the fantastic charges made against Bahá’ís in Iran and elsewhere where Bahá’ís face severe persecution (a foreign conspiracy to destroy the unity of Islam; sexual promiscuity, etc.) in the context of other ‘heresies'. [about]
290. Orange Tree, Myth of, by Universal House of Justice (1997-12-26). Refutation of the "miracle" of an immortal orange tree growing at the site of the former House of the Bab [about]
291. Paranoid Style in Iranian Politics, The, by Ervand Abrahamian, in Khomeinism: Essays on the Islamic Republic (1993). A seminal essay which mentions contemporary Iranian attitudes toward the Bahá'ís. Includes three other mentions of the Bahá'í Faith elsewhere in the book in which this essay was first published. [about]
292. Pedigree of the Qajar Dynasty, by Shoghi Effendi, in The Dawn-Breakers (1932). Genealogical chart of the Qajar Dynasty [about]
293. Peeps Into Persia, by Dorothy de Warzee (1913). Brief mention of the Bahá'í Faith in a travelogue about Persia. [about]
294. Perfection and Refinement: Towards an Aesthetics of the Bab, by Moojan Momen, in Lights of Irfan, 12 (2011). The writings of the Bab have implications for the "plastic" arts; significance for native traditions; relevance to the performing arts; and the concept of refinement which comes across in both the person and the writings of the Báb. [about]
295. Persecution of the Bahá'í Community of Iran: 1983-1986, in Bahá'í World, Vol. 19 (1983-1986) (1994). Lengthy survey of events, and life stories of participants. [about]
296. Persecution of the Bahá'í Community of Iran Under the Islamic Republic: Twenty Years of Intolerance, by Tahirih Tahririha-Danesh, in Converging Realities, 1:1 (2000). Description of some of the persecutions of the Bahá'í community in Iran over the past twenty years. [about]
297. Persecution of the Baha'is in Iran: 1979-1986: A 7-year campaign to eliminate a religious minority, by Bahá'í International Community (1986). Overview of activities and propaganda against Bahá'ís in Iran, and the responses of the United Nations. [about]
298. Persecution of the Bahá'ís of Iran 1844-1984, by Douglas Martin, in Bahá'í Studies, 12/13 (1984). Treatment of the Bahá'ís in Iran by the state and by the Shi'ism under the Qájárs (1844-1925), Pahlavis (1925-1979), and under the Islamic Republic (1979-); responses by the Bahá'í Community. [about]
299. Persecutions of Babis in 1888-1891 at Isfahan and Yazd, by Various, in Materials for the Study of the Babi Religion (1918). Eyewitness or historical accounts of specific events, uprisings, and attacks, as collected by E.G. Browne. [about]
300. Persia, in American Annual Cyclopaedia and Register of Important Events of the Year 1865 (1866). Short summary of the Bábí Faith and Qurratu'l-Ayn, on last page of an entry about Persia. [about]
301. Persia: The Land of the Imams, by James Bassett (1886). Brief mention of the Bábí and Bahá'í Faiths. [about]
302. Persia, by Richard N. Frye (1968). Excerpt from a book on the history of Iran. Includes mention of Bahá'í schools in the early twentieth century. [about]
303. Persia and the Persian Question, volume I, by George N. Curzon (1892). In Moojan Momen's "The Bábí and Bahá'í Religions 1844-1944: Some Contemporary Western Accounts" (1981), p. 45, the work is described: "One of the most remarkable books ever to appear on Persia…", reviewed through p. 47 and used many times beyond. [about]
304. Persia and the Regeneration of Islam, by Bernard Temple, in Journal of the Royal Society of Arts, 58:3001 (1910-05-27). An argument to a British business audience that Persia is becoming more civilized and is experiencing its own version of the Reformation, as shown by the example of the Bahá'ís. [about]
305. Persia Past and Present: A Book of Travel and Research, by Abraham Valentine Williams Jackson (1906). A few passing mentions of the Babis. [about]
306. Persian Bahá'í Poets and Poetry: A General Overview, by Heshmat Moayyad (2008-06-03). [about]
307. Persian Bayan and the Shaping of the Babi Renewal, The, by Abbas Amanat, in Religious Texts in Iranian Languages, ed. Fereydoun Vahman and Claus V. Pedersen (2007). On the Bábí Faith as a product of the religious environment of Shi'i Iran, including its esoteric culture and apocalyptic vision; the Bayán as a form of discourse; and how the Bayán marked a break with Islam. [about]
308. Persian Revolution of 1905-1909, The, by E. G. Browne (1910). Includes discussion of Bahá'ís and Bábís in "Attitude of Bahá’ís towards Persian Politics" (pp. 424-429) and "The Assassination of Nasiru'd-Din Shah" (60-62). Search text for Bábí for other references. [about]
309. Persian Revolution of 1905-1909, The, by E. G. Browne: Reviews, by Various (1996/1997). Three reviews, published in CIRA Bulletin, International Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, and Journal of Islamic Studies. [about]
310. Persian Stronghold of Zoroastrianism, A, by Mary Boyce (1977). Brief mention of Bahá'í converts to Zoroastrianism in Yazd. [about]
311. Personal Reminiscences of the Bábí Insurrection at Zanjan in 1850, by E. G. Browne, in Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 29 (1897). The testimony of Áqá 'Abdu'l-Ahad Zanjani. [about]
312. Petition from the Persian Reformers (1867). A petition sent by Bahá'ís in Baghdad and Shushtar, Iran, in 1867 to the US Consulate general, seeking assistance in getting Bahá'u'lláh released from imposed exile. [about]
313. Pilgrimage in Baha'u'llah's Writings, by Ahang Rabbani (2010-01). On pilgrimage to the Twin Shrines in the Holy Land and their Tablets of Visitation, to the House of the Bab in Shiraz, and to the House of Baha’u’llah in Baghdad. Includes provisional translations of several Tablets of Visitation. [about]
314. Pivot of the Universe: Nasir al-Din Shah Qajar and the Iranian Monarchy 1831-1896, by Abbas Amanat: Review, by Sholeh A. Quinn, in Bahá'í Studies Review, 8 (1998). [about]
315. "Point" and "Letter" in the Writings of the Báb, by Muhammad Afnan, in Lights of Irfan, Book 2 (2001). In the Báb’s writings, the Point of Truth is the source of all existence in both the spiritual and the material world, and letters and words are given spiritual meaning. His system is distinctively different from that of the Hurúfís and Nuqtavís, however. [about]
316. Political Economy of Modern Iran, The: Despotism and Pseudo-Modernism 1926-1979, by Homa Katouzian (1981). Mention of Sheikh Fazlollah Noori denouncing opponents as Babis; 1-page discussion (in footnotes) of the Bab as Mahdi and the Bahá'í/Azali split; anti-Bahá'í demonstrations following the murder of vice-consul Imbrie; Falsafi's attacks in 1953. [about]
317. Politics and Engagement in the Life of Society, by Universal House of Justice (2010-01-22). On which principles should guide Iranian believers in their participation in the life of society, and other themes related to political activism and social justice. [about]
318. Preliminary Survey of the Bahá'í Community of Iran during the Nineteenth Century, A, by Moojan Momen, in Iran im 19. Jahrhundert und die Enstehung der Bahá'í Religion, ed. Christoph Burgel and Isabel Schayani (1998). On the early growth and consolidation of the Bahá'í community in Iran; its membership and social and geographical composition; persecution; institutional developments; communications with Bahá'u'lláh; the conversion of Jews and Zoroastrians; women. [about]
319. Preparing Bahá'í Communities in the East and West to Embrace Gender Equality, by Baharieh Rouhani Ma'ani, in Lights of Irfan, 12 (2011). The way Abdu'l-Bahá dealt with the matter of gender equality, some of his writings revealed in honor of the Bahá’í women in Iran and North America, and the practical ways he educated Bahá'í men to accept women as their equals. [about]
320. Prolegomenon to the Study of Babi and Baha'i Scriptures, A: The Importance of Henry Corbin to Babi and Baha'i Studies, by Ismael Velasco, in Bahá'í Studies Review, Vol. 12 (2004). On the foremost Western authority on the Islamic philosophy of Persia, one of the most influential Islamicists of the 20th century, whose work is uniquely relevant in understanding the philosophical context for the emergence of the Bábí Faith. [about]
321. Prophets of Mahabad, and Nature of Creation: The Two Questions of Manakji Limji Hataria, by Susan Maneck (2011). Discussion of Baha’u’llah’s letters to Manakji Hataria as found in the Tabernacle of Unity, compiled from an email discussion group archive; the context of the questions and their answers against the background of Ishraqi philosophy. [about]
322. Protocols of the Followers of Baha'u'llah: Anti-Bahá'í propaganda in Iran, by Abdu'l-Bab as-Sahyuni (1998). A sympathetic overview by "Freethought Mecca" of persecution of Bahá'ís, and activities of the Iranian government. [about]
323. Provincial Politics of Heresy and Reform in Qajar Iran, The: Shaykh al-Rais in Shiraz, 1895-1902, by Juan Cole, in Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East, 22:1-2 (2002). Biography and political/historical context of "the poet laureate of the Iranian Constitutional Revolution," who was secretly a second-generation Bahá'í. [about]
324. Qáʼim-Maqám Faráhání in the Baháʼí Writings, by Vahid Rafati, in Lights of Irfan, 20 (2019). A comprehensive survey of references to the Qá’im-Maqám, prime minister of Iran under Muhammad Sháh, in the Writings of Bahá’u’lláh and ‘Abdu’l-Bahá, as well as some of his statements that are directly quoted in the Writings. [about]
325. Qourrèt-oul-Aíne [Qurratu'l-`Ayn], by A.L.M. Nicolas, in Tahirih in History: Perspectives on Qurratu'l-'Ayn from East and West, ed. Sabir Afaqi (2004). First publication in English translation of early accounts of the life and death of Táhirih. These passages are from Seyyed Ali Mohammad dit le Bab (1905) by A.-L.-M. Nicolas, French diplomat and author. [about]
326. Questions about Science and Religion: Interviews with Abdul Baha at Tiberias and Haifa, by Anna Kunz, in Star of the West, 13:6 (1922-09). Questions asked of Abdu'l-Bahá by two Christians visiting Haifa in 1921. [about]
327. Quiet Exodus, A, by Geoffrey Cameron, in Literary Review of Canada (2013-07). Recent history of immigration law and practice in Canada, and the Bahá'í community's involvement in governmental change. Includes addendum from Bahá'í News Canada. [about]
328. Quiet Strangulation: Islamic Republic's Treatment of Baha'is since 1991, by Mina Yazdani, in Tiempo Devorado, 5:2 (2018). Summary of persecution of Bahá'ís in Iran especially since 1991, and on analyses by other historians on the roots of anti-Bahá'í discrimination. Includes introduction by Amin Egea. [about]
329. Re-florescence of Historical Romance in Nabil, The, by Ruhiyyih (Mary Maxwell) Khanum, in Bahá'í World, Vol. 5 (1932–1934) (1934). Essay reflecting on the dominant themes of The Dawn-Breakers, an early narrative of Bábí history authored by Nabil-i-A'zam. [about]
330. Recovering the Lives of Enslaved Africans in Nineteenth-Century Iran: A First Attempt, by Anthony Lee, in Changing Horizons in African History (2016). Reconstructing the lives of four slaves in the Middle East, including Haji Mubarak and Fezzeh Khanum, servants of The Bab. [about]
331. Redefining Resiliency, Resistance, and Oppression: A Case Study of the Bahá'i Underground University in Iran, by Kimiya Tahirih Missaghi (2021). On the nature of resiliency in a systematically oppressed population; the existence and growth of the Bahá'í Institute of Higher Education exemplify perseverance and resistance under intergenerational pressure; a non-violent approach to seeking justice. [about]
332. References to the Bahá'í Faith in the U.S. State Department's Country Reports on Human Rights Practices, by United States Department of State (1991-2001). Excerpts from the State Department's annual compilation of Country Reports on Human Rights Practices on discrimination against the Bahá'í Faith and persecution of its adherents in twenty countries. [about]
333. Reflections on Baha'u'llah's Claims to Being the Return of Imam Husayn, by Ismael Velasco (2020-06). On Imam Husayn in Shi'a Islam, expectations of his return, his place in Bábí theology, and various relationships to the Bábí Faith: ancestral, devotional, initiatory, theophanic, typological, eschatological, and messianic. [about]
334. Reforming the Marja` at-Taqlid: The Baha'i Example, by Linda Walbridge (1997). Shi'i leadership paradigms and the marja` at-taqlid, "clerical exemplar" or "religious guide." [about]
335. Regarding the Implementation of the Badi` Calendar, by Universal House of Justice (2014-07-10). Message to the Bahá’ís of the world on the updated calendar of Bahá'í holy days. Includes a table of Bahá’í Dates 172 to 221 B.E., and a letter to an individual explaining the date of the astronomical new moon in Islamic and Bahá'í calendars. [about]
336. Releasing the Captive from His Chains, by Steven Scholl, in dialogue magazine, 1:1 (1986). Bahá'í activism for human rights, and involvement with Amnesty International. Includes response by Drew Remignanti. [about]
337. Religion in the Middle East: Three Religions in Concord and Conflict: Volume 1, Judaism and Christianity, by Arthur J. Arberry (1969). Three mentions of the Babis and Bahá'ís. [about]
338. Religion in the Middle East: Three Religions in Concord and Conflict: Volume 2, Islam, by Arthur J. Arberry (1969). Five mentions of the Babis, Bahá'ís, and Ahmadiyya. [about]
339. Religion, Modernity and the "Clash of Civilisations": Context and Prospects, by Ismael Velasco (2013). On the broader intellectual context for the emergence of the Bahá'í Faith in 19th century Iran and its subsequent engagement with Western modernity. [about]
340. Religions of Modern Syria and Palestine, The, by Frederick Jones Bliss (1912). [about]
341. Religious Background of the 1979 Revolution in Iran, by Moojan Momen (1995). [about]
342. Religious Contentions in Modern Iran, 1881-1941, by Mina Yazdani (2011). In 20th-century Iran, anti-Bahaism played a role in transforming Shi'i religious piety into the political ideology known as Islamism; Bahá'ís became branded as Iran's internal "other"; role of The Confessions of Dolgoruki. Link to thesis (offsite). [about]
343. Religious Minority Rights, by Christopher Buck, in Islamic World, ed. Andrew Rippin (2008). Discussion of three minority religions within Islamic states that have experienced persecution and hardships which attracted the attention of the international community: the Alevis, the Ahmadiyya, and Bahá'ís. [about]
344. Religious Persecution and Oppression: A Study of Iranian Baha'ís' Strategies of Survival, by Naghme Naseri Morlock, in Journal of Hate Studies, 17:2 (2021). Research based on extensive interviews exploring three ways that members of the Bahá'í community responded to diaspora and persecution: passing as Muslim, religious constancy in the face of danger, and alternating "passing" with open displays. [about]
345. Remains of the Bab in Tehran, The, by Ahang Rabbani (1997). Brief bio of Aqa Husayn-'Ali Nur and an extract from Khatirat Muhajiri Az Isfahan, "Memoirs of a Refugee from Isfahan," discussing the history of these remains. Includes biographical notes. [about]
346. (Report to the) American Oriental Society / A New Prophet, by Austin Wright, in The Literary World, 228:8 (1851-06-14). First paper on Bábí history, from a letter to the American Oriental Society, published in multiple newspapers, including translation into German. Includes preface by Steven Kolins. [about]
347. Representing the Unpresentable: Historical Images of National Reform, by Negar Mottaheddeh: Review, by Jack Kalpakian, in Digest of Middle East Studies, 17:2 (2008). Book review that touches on the Islamic Republic's treatment of judgment day and how it relates to Bábí doctrine; the image of the Bábí as the internal, modern other inside Iran's national psyche; Qurrat al-'Ayn as a female equivalent of Joseph. [about]
348. Resistance, Resilience and the Role of Narrative: Lessons from the Experiences of Iranian Bahá'í Women Prisoners, by Donna Hakimian, in Enquire (Electronic Nottinghom Quarterly for Ideas, Research, and Evaluation), 3 (2009-06). A study of Iranian Bahá’í women who were imprisoned in Iran following the 1979 revolution. Aspects of individual resistance and resilience are explored through life history interviews. Link to article (offsite). [about]
349. Resurrection and Renewal: The Making of the Bábí Movement in Iran, by Abbas Amanat: Review, by Amin Banani, in Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 2:2 (1989-1990). [about]
350. Reunion with the Beloved: Poetry and Martyrdom (2004-06). Poetry by or in honor of early Bábí and Bahá'í martyrs. Includes foreword by Hushmand Fatheazam, and discussion of the concept of martyrdom, cultural issues, and history of persecutions. [about]
351. Review of secondary literature in English on recent persecutions of Bahá'ís in Iran, by Nazila Ghanea-Hercock, in Bahá'í Studies Review, 7 (1997). Issues of misinformation, perceived favoritism under the Shah's regime, charges of espionage, and theological conflicts with Islam as motives for the persecution of Bahá'ís. [about]
352. Revolution without Rights?, A: Women, Kurds and Baha'is searching for equality in Iran, by Geoffrey Cameron and Tahirih Danesh (2008-11). Discussion from the Foreign Policy Centre in London on the religious, legal, and social obstacles to equality faced by women, Bahá'ís, and Kurds in Iran; comparing the experiences of these groups; evaluating actions of the Iranian government (91 pages) [about]
353. Right to Education, The: The Case of the Bahá'ís in Iran, by Tahirih Tahririha-Danesh, in Bahá'í-Inspired Perspectives on Human Rights (2001). On the ongoing harassment of Bahá’í students and educators resulting from the state-sponsored religious intolerance of the post-revolution government in Iran. [about]
354. Role of Wonder in Creating Identity, The, by Todd Lawson, in Religions, 14:6 (2023). The term badí', "wondrous" or "new," is used dozens of times by the Báb in his proclamatory work the Qayyúm al-Asmáʾ. Wonder plays a major role in Bábí and Bahá'í thought and practice, and in their ethos and message. Link to article (offsite). [about]
355. Ruptured Spaces and Effective Histories: The Unveiling of the Babi Poetess Qurrat al-'Ayn-Tahirih in the Gardens of Badasht, by Negar Mottahedeh, in Occasional Papers in Shaykhi, Babi and Bahá'í Studies, 2:2 (1998-02). Implications of Tahirih's revolutionary act at Badasht in terms of a decisive break with Islamic history; also Shaykh Abu Turab's recollections of the event and his literary role in Nabil's Dawn-Breakers. [about]
356. S.W. Persia: A Political Officer's Diary 1907-1914, by Arnold, Sir Wilson (1941). Two passing mentions of Bahá'ís and Babis. [about]
357. Sabaeans and African-based Religions in the Americas, The, by Universal House of Justice, in Lights of Irfan, 13 (2012). Overview by the Research Department about the religion of the Sabaeans [aka Sabeans], and some indigenous practices in the southern Americas such as Yoruba, Santeria, and Brazilian Candomble. [about]
358. Sabet, Habib, by Moojan Momen, in Encyclopaedia Iranica (2015). Brief excerpt, with link to article offsite. [about]
359. Sacred Refrains: Arabic and Persian Dhikrs in the Bahá'í Community, by Margaret Caton (2024). introduction to dhikr (remembrances) and the use of music in Bahá'í spiritual practices; 74 recordings from 58 sacred texts, including original Arabic and Persian languages with English translation, music transcription, and historical context. [about]
360. Sacrificing the Innocent: Suppression of Bahá'ís of Iran in 1955, by Bahram Choubine, in Bahá'í Studies Review, 15:1 (2008-01-13). Activities of Reza Shah, Ayatollah Borujirdi, Muhammad-Taqi Falsafi, Shaykh Hossein-Ali Montazeri, and SAVAK in the mid-20th century. [about]
361. Sapiential Theosis: A New Reading of Ephrem the Syrian's Hymns on Paradise, by Christopher Buck, in Journal of the Assyrian Academic Society, 9.2 (1995). Prepublication chapter from Paradise and Paradigm: Key Symbols in Persian Christianity and the Baha’i Faith (Albany: SUNY Press, 1999). St. Eprem the Syrian is generally regarded as the greatest Christian poet of Late Antiquity. [about]
362. Searching for Bahá'í Identity, by Alexandra Leavy, in Journal of Cultural Studies of the Middle East and North Africa (2009-08). How do religious minorities adapt to the new nationalist identity of Iran post-1979? [about]
363. Secret of Divine Civilization, by Abdu'l-Bahá (1957). Originally issued anonymously in 1875, this was ʻAbdu'l-Bahá's program for the developmental reform of society within an Iranian context. [about]
364. Secret of Divine Civilization Translation, Capital Punishment, and Other Questions, by Universal House of Justice (1991-06-20). On the capitalization of pronouns, reference to "we Muslims," works of Abdu'l-Bahá revealed during the time of Bahá'u'lláh, the first person to recognize Bahá'u'lláh, and designer of the temple in Ishqabad. Includes a compilation on capital punishment. [about]
365. Secret of Divine Civilization, The, by Fariba Moghadam (2021-05). Overview of the history Abdu'l-Bahá's treatise, and its themes presented through a compilation of quotations. Prepared for the Wilmette Institute. [about]
366. Seneca Falls First Woman's Rights Convention of 1848: The Sacred Rites of the Nation, by Bradford W. Miller, in Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 8:3 (1998). Explores parallels between the Seneca Fails First Woman’s Rights Convention in the USA and the Badasht Conference in Iran, both in July 1848, in terms of the emancipation of women. [about]
367. Servants in the Households of Baha'u'llah and the Bab, by Universal House of Justice (2000-02-02). Whether or not the servants of the Bab and Bahá'u'lláh were slaves, and a list of relevant sources for further research. [about]
368. Service, Joy and Sacrifice: An Essay on Commentaries by 'Abdu'l-Bahá, by James B. Thomas, in Lights of Irfan, Volume 5 (2004). On the exemplary life of service to God and to humankind; choosing to change one's life from predominately one of self-interest to one of sharing; the spiritual transformation which often follows such a change. [about]
369. Shah Abdu'llah and the Bahá'ís of Abadeh: An account of the persecution of Bahá'ís by followers of an imaginary Imam, by Aqa Mirza Qabil Abadeh'i (2001-05). Account of persecutions in Abadeh, Fars province, in 1901. [about]
370. Shaykh Hasan-i-Zunuzi: The Promises Fulfilled, by Darius Shahrokh, in Windows to the Past (1992). Life story of an early follower of Shaykhs Ahmad and Rashti, who also met both the Báb and Bahá'u'lláh. [about]
371. Shaykhisme à la période qajare, by Denis Hermann: Review, by Fares Gillon, in Bulletin critique des Annales islamologiques (2019). [about]
372. Shaykhisme à la période qajare, by Denis Hermann: Review, by Yann Richard, in Iranian Studies, 54:1-2 (2020). [about]
373. Shelly's Life and Writings, by William Michael Rossetti, in The University Magazine, Volume 1 (1878 March). Brief overview of the Bábí Faith and Qurratu'l-Ayn vis-a-vis themes and personages in "The Revolt of Islam," a poem in twelve cantos composed by Percy Bysshe Shelley in 1817. [about]
374. Shi'i Clerics in Iraq and Iran, 1722-1780: The Akhbari-Usuli Conflict Reconsidered, by Juan Cole, in Iranian Studies, 18:1 (1985 Winter). A debate which came to shape Shi'i jurisprudence, between those who believed that only the Imams should be the source of law, vs. those who held that rational study of scripture could yield worthy principles. (No mention of the Bábí or Bahá'í faiths.) [about]
375. Shirin Ebadi: A collection of newspaper articles (2003-10). Articles about the winner of the 2003 Nobel Peace Prize who has championed the rights of the Bahá'í community. [about]
376. Short Chapter in the History of Bâbeeism in Persia, A, by Austin Wright, in Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Oriental Society (1853-05-18). Letter to the American Oriental Society recounting the continuation of Bábísm and attack on the Shah. Follow-up to Wright's first report on Bábí history, from June 1851. [about]
377. Sijn-i-Akbar (The Great Prison): The Event of Bahá'u'lláh's Incarceration in the Síyáh Chál Prison of Tehran, by Shahrokh Monjazeb (2002). Historical details of the period of Baha'u'lláh's 1852 imprisonment in the infamous dungeon of Tehran and the birth of the Bahá’í Revelation, and firsthand accounts of this event including some rare testimonies by Bahá’u’lláh Himself. [about]
378. Siyyid Yahyá-i-Dárábí, Entitled Vahíd "The Incomparable", by Boris Handal (2023). The Commissioner of Muhammad Sháh; Bahá'u'lláh in Tehran; the episodes of Yazd and Nayríz. [about]
379. Slice of Persia in the Heart of Israel, A: Followers of the Baha'i Faith Are Persecuted at Home but Welcomed Abroad, by Reza Afshari, in Wall Street Journal (2021-02-18). Brief reflections by a Muslim professor of history on the experience of visiting the Bahá'í World Centre in Haifa, and on the plight of Bahá'ís in Iran. [about]
380. Sobhi, Fazlollah Mohtadi, by Moojan Momen, in Encyclopaedia Iranica (2015). Brief excerpt, with link to article offsite. [about]
381. Social Basis of the Bábí Upheavals in Iran (1848-1953): A Preliminary Analysis, by Moojan Momen, in International Journal of Middle East Studies, 15 (1983). In the mid-19th century, Iran was shaken by unrest caused by the Bábí movement, which set off a chain of events that led on the one hand, to the constitutional movement in Iran, and on the other, to the establishment of the now world-wide Bahá'í Faith. [about]
382. Specter of Ideological Genocide, The: The Bahá'ís of Iran, by Friedrich W. Affolter, in War Crimes, Genocide & Crimes against Humanity, volume 1 (2005-01). History of the persecution and suppression of the Bahá'ís in Iran, through the lens of genocide studies. (Link to document, off-site.) [about]
383. Spiritual Body and Celestial Earth: From Mazdean Iran to Shi'ite Iran, by Henry Corbin (1977). An analysis of interrelated themes in Iranian religion, including the angelology of Mazdaism and Islamic Shi'ite concepts of spirit-body identity. Includes descriptions of cosmologies in Zoroastrian, Shi'i Islamic and Shaykhi philosophies. [about]
384. Statement in Rebuttal of Accusations Made against the Bahá'í Faith by the Permanent Mission of the Islamic Republic of Iran to the United Nations, by Bahá'í International Community (1982-11-30). In a document distributed to the UN, "Human Rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran," Iran made a number of false and damaging statements concerning the Bahá'í Faith. The BIC wishes to refute these false statements and to present the true facts. [about]
385. Station Wagon Odyssey: Baghdad to Istanbul; A famous American traveler continuing a journey across the Moslem East, by William O. Douglas, in National Geographic Magazine, CXV:1 (1959-01). Very short mention in this travelogue by a Supreme Court Justice of the United States. [about]
386. Still Lives, by Denis MacEoin, in New Jerusalems: Reflections on Islam, Fundamentalism, and the Rushdie Affair (1993). The nature of private lives and biography in Middle Eastern culture, with brief discussion of Rushdie's Satanic Verses and the lives of Tahirih and Shoghi Effendi. [about]
387. Stories from The Delight of Hearts: The Memoirs of Hájí Mírzá Haydar-'Alí, by Haji Mirza Haydar-Ali (1980). Anecdotes and history, a personal glimpse of the Middle East in the 19th century, as told by a follower of Bahá'u'lláh and companion of Abdu'l-Bahá. [about]
388. Süleyman Nazif's Nasiruddin Shah ve Babiler: an Ottoman Source on Babi-Baha'i History, by Necati Alkan (2000). On the author of the 1919 Persian history "Nasiru’d-Din Shah and the Babis," including a translation of passages on Tahirih. [about]
389. Summon Up Remembrance, by Marzieh Gail (1987). Memoir left by Ali-Kuli Khan, one of the first translators of Bahá'í Writings; writings of his wife Florence; other family papers and memories. [about]
390. Symbol and Secret: Qur'an Commentary in Baha'u'llah's Kitab-i-Iqan, by Christopher Buck (1995/2012/2021). Comparative study of tafsir, exegesis, and theology in the Qur'an and the Kitab-i-Iqan. Includes Persian translation. [about]
391. Tabernacle of Unity, The: Bahá'u'lláh's Responses To Mánikchi Sáhib, by Bahá'u'lláh (2006). [about]
392. Tablet Concerning Covenant-Breakers: Excerpt, by Abdu'l-Bahá (1998). Translation, posted to email list, of a portion of a Tablet revealed on the occasion of the expulsion of Tamaddunu'l-Mulk, who had caused dissension in Tehran around 1913. [about]
393. Tablet of Patience (Surih Sabr): Declaration of Bahá'u'lláh and Selected Topics, by Foad Seddigh, in Lights of Irfan, 15 (2014). This significant Tablet from Ridvan 1863 covers the Seal of the Prophets, appearance and presence of God, resurrection, and the Qayyum al-Asma. Includes context of Bahá'u'lláh's life and troubles during this period. [about]
394. Tablet of Pilgrimage to the House of the Báb (Suriy-i-Hajj): Shiraz, by Bahá'u'lláh, in Rituals in Babism and Bahá'ísm, Pembroke Persian Series Vol. 2 (1994). [about]
395. Tablet of the Centennial, by Shoghi Effendi (1998). Partial translation of an epistle to the Persian-speaking Bahá'ís, written shortly after "God Passes By" in 1944. Includes English translation of Muhammad Varqa's "Le Style persan du Gardien." [about]
396. Tablet on the Debasement of Persia, by Abdu'l-Bahá (1923). Short comment by Abdu'l-Bahá on the present debasement of Persia and its future glory, date unknown, shared by the Guardian in a letter to the US NSA in 1923. [about]
397. Tablet to Sháh-Muhammad-Amín (Amínu'l-Bayán) (Lawh-i-Amínu'l-Bayán): Excerpt, by Bahá'u'lláh and Universal House of Justice (2003-04-07). Excerpt of a tablet revealed in honour of the first Trustee of Huquq’u’lláh, surnamed the “Trusted of the Bayán," with introductory letter from the House of Justice. [about]
398. Tablet to Shaykh Kazim-i-Samandar II (Lawh-i-Shaykh Kazim-i-Samandar II), by Bahá'u'lláh, in Eminent Bahá'ís in the Time of Bahá'u'lláh (1985). [about]
399. Tablet to The Times of London, by Bahá'u'lláh, in Revelation of Bahá'u'lláh, by Adib Taherzadeh, Vol. 4 (1987). Short tablet calling newspapers to investigate the Truth. [about]
400. Tablet to Varqá Regarding the Prince and King of Martyrs (Lawh-i-Varqá dar barih-yi-Mahbubu wa Sultánu'sh-Shuhada), by Bahá'u'lláh, in Eminent Bahá'ís in the Time of Bahá'u'lláh with some Historical Background (1985). Short tablet of tribute to the King and Beloved of the Martyrs, from H. M. Balyuzi's Eminent Bahá’ís. [about]
401. Tablets of Pilgrimage (Suriy-i-Hajj): Wilmette Institute faculty notes, by Iraj Ayman (1999). In the Aqdas, Bahá'í pilgrimage is enjoined to the House of Bahá'u'lláh in Baghdad and the House of the Báb in Shíráz. This is not possible now, and pilgrims go to Haifa and Akka instead. How did this change occur? [about]
402. Tablets Revealed by Abdul Baha Abbas to the East and West, by Abdu'l-Bahá (1908). An early collection of Tablets by 'Abdu'l-Bahá. [about]
403. Tahirih and Women's Suffrage, by Universal House of Justice, in Bahá'í Studies Bulletin, 4:2 (1990-01). Two letters on Táhirih's association with women's suffrage, and the authenticity of the words "You can kill me as soon as you like, but you cannot stop the emancipation of women". [about]
404. Táhirih's Message to the Modern World, by Martha Root, in Bahá'í World, Vol. 8 (1938-1940) (1941). Transcript of a radio address from Sunday April 21, 1940, telling the story of Ṭáhirih, describing her as the foremost woman of her generation known across Persia for her beauty, intelligence, and courage, who gave her life for the emancipation of women. [about]
405. Tales of Magnificent Heroism: The Impact of the Báb and His Followers on Writers and Artists, by Robert Weinberg, in Bahá'í World (2019-11). This concise survey explores how this particular episode in humanity’s religious history resonated so strongly through the decades that followed. [about]
406. Taqiyyah (Dissimulation) in the Babi and Bahá'í Religions, by Sepehr Manuchehri, in Australian Bahá'í Studies, vol. 2 (2000). The historical application of taqiyyah and instances where Bábís cooperated with the authorities in suppression of their peers, and the attitude of government officials towards these individuals. [about]
407. Tehran, Iran, by Moojan Momen, in The Bahá'í Encyclopedia (2009). On the capital city of Iran and birthplace of Bahá’u’lláh, called by Him the "Land of Tá" (Ard-i-Tá), site of numerous important events in Bahá’í history. [about]
408. Television Address of Iranian President Khatami, by Universal House of Justice and Bahá'í International Community (1998-07). Questions and answers about a historically unique television interview of Iranian President Khatami, given on CNN Wednesday, Jan 7, 1998. [about]
409. Ten Thousand Miles in Persia or Eight Years in Iran, by Percy Molesworth Sykes (1902). Brief overview of Babism, including estimate of numbers of Bahá'ís and Azalis in Kirman. [about]
410. Textual Context and Literary Criticism: A Case Study based on a Letter from Shoghi Effendi, by Gerald C. Keil, in Lights of Irfan, Volume 11 (2010). The importance of systematic analysis of the written word prior to the process of exegesis to achieve clarity from the very start; textual questions; a specific example. [about]
411. The Story of Mona: 1965-1983, by National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of Canada (1985). Biography of Mona Mahmudnizhad, an Iranian teenager who, in 1983, together with nine other women, was sentenced to death and hanged in Shiraz on the grounds of being a member of the Bahá'í Faith. [about]
412. The White Silk Dress, by Marzieh Gail, in Bahá'í World, Vol. 9 (1940-1944) (1945). An "intimate portrait" of Ṭáhirih first published Friday April 21, 1944. [about]
413. Thousand Years Must Elapse: Examining a Tablet by 'Abdu'l-Bahá, by Harry Liedtke (2022). Commentary on a tablet by 'Abdu'l-Baha that addresses the present debasement of Persia and its future glory, and the Western world. [about]
414. Threatening Agenda, A: Iran's Shameful Denial of Education to its Bahá'í Community, by Geoffrey Cameron, in Cherwell (2008-06-06). Iranian government hardliners promote a coordinated and threatening agenda aimed at suffocating the Bahá'í community; Iran’s actions to block an entire community from education indicate sinister intentions that should not be ignored. [about]
415. Three Tablets of Bahá'u'lláh to Mullá Yahúdá, an Early Jewish Convert to the Bahá'í Faith from Hamadán (2023). English side-by-side with Persian or Arabic of three short Tablets. [about]
416. Through Persia by Caravan, by Arthur E. Arnold, Volume 2 (1877). Early three-page overview of Bábí and Bahá'í history. Bahá'u'lláh is here referred to as "Behar." [about]
417. Translation List: Provisional Translations of Baháʼí Literature (2009-2023). Index to talks, letters, and other items translated from Persian and Arabic to English by Adib Masumian; listed here for the sake of search engines and tagging. [about]
418. Translation of the Arabic Du'á' al-Sahar (The Dawn Supplication) or Du'á' al-Bahá' (The Supplication of Splendour) with Select Expository Scriptural Writings of the Báb and Bahá'u'lláh, A, by Stephen Lambden, in Religions, 14:3 (2023). Translation of and commentary on the Shí'í "dawn supplication" for the Islamic month of Ramadán, and its symbolic exploration in Bábí and Bahá'í texts. Link to article (offsite). [about]
419. Transmission of Cultural Values in Persian Bahá'í Families, The, by Stephen Licata (1997). On how immigrant Persian Bahá’í families have carried their cultural values to the U.S., how the move affected the development of their children, and the cultural adaptation process. Includes survey on cultural values among Persian Bahá'ís in Los Angeles. [about]
420. Treasures of the East: The Life of Nine Oriental Countries, by Zia M. Bagdadi (1930). Descriptions of nine "Treasures" — Egypt, Palestine, Syria, Iraq, Jijaz (Arabia), Transjordania (Arabia), Persia, India, and Turkey — by an Iraqi physician who traveled to the U.S. and was instrumental in the establishment of several Bahá'í communities. [about]
421. Treatise on Leadership: Introduction, by Juan Cole (1998-02). Informal notes about and introduction to `Abdu'l-Bahá's Risalih-i-Siyasiyyih (1893). [about]
422. Treatise on Persecution of Bahá'ís in 1903, by Abdu'l-Bahá, in Bahá'í Studies Review, 14 (2007-12). Events in Isfahán and Yazd from March-September 1903. [about]
423. Trial of the Báb: Answers given during the interrogation of the Báb (1997-05). Translation of source documents preserved from the 1848 trial. [about]
424. Trial of the Báb: Alim-i Hashtrud's account (1997-05). Translation of source documents preserved from the 1848 trial. [about]
425. Trial of the Bab: Mulla Muhammad Mamaqani's account (1997-05). Translation of source documents preserved from the 1848 trial. [about]
426. Trial of the Báb: Questions, rebukes, statements made during the interrogation of the Bab (1997-05). Translation of source documents preserved from the 1848 trial. [about]
427. Trial of the Báb: Shi'ite Orthodoxy Confronts its Mirror Image, by Denis MacEoin, in Studies in Honor of Clifford Edmund Bosworth 2: The Sultan's Turret (2000). Overview of, and documents preserved from, the Bab's 1848 trial for heresy against Islam. [about]
428. Trial of The Yaran ("Friends in Iran"): Six Essays, by Christopher Buck, in Iran Press Watch (2009-2010). Six essays by Buck from a legal perspective about the extended imprisonment of seven Bahá'í leaders in Tehran. [about]
429. Turban for the Crown, The, by Said Amir Arjomand (1988). Passing mentions of Babis and Bahá'ís on six pages. [about]
430. Twelve Table Talks Given by 'Abdu'l-Bahá in 'Akká, by Abdu'l-Bahá (2019). Talks from 1904-1907. [about]
431. Two Books on the Life of Tahirih: Review, by Catherine Nash, in Journal of Bahá'í Studies (2019). Reviews of Rejoice in My Gladness: The Life of Táhirih and The Calling: Táhirih of Persia and Her American Contemporaries. [about]
432. Two Episodes from the Life of Bahá'u'lláh in Iran, by Moojan Momen, in Lights of Irfan, 20 (2019). Regarding the conference of Badasht and Baha'u'lláh's arrival at the shrine of Shaykh Tabarsi, and on His experience in the Siyah Chal, close attention to the text of two Tablets leads to conclusions that differ from current Bahá'í history books. [about]
433. Twofold Mission, A: Some Distinctive Characteristics of the Person and Teachings of the Báb, by Elham Afnan, in Bahá'í World (2019). Some features of the Bab's life and Writings highlighting the rare combination of qualities that have come to be associated with him. [about]
434. Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Cultural Relativism and the Persecution of the Bahá'ís in Iran, The, by Cheshmak Farhoumand-Sims, in Bahá'í-Inspired Perspectives on Human Rights (2001). Are the Human Rights of the Universal Declaration universal: a comparison of Western and Islamic notions of human rights; the religious justifications provided by the Islamic regime for the persecution of the Bahá’ís in Iran. [about]
435. Unofficial information and rumour in the Bahá'í community: The case of "The tree they couldn't kill", by David Piff, in Bahá'í Studies Review, 8 (1998). Legend and rumor spread via online discussion groups, and the place of "unofficial information" in the world view and social dynamics of a religious community. [about]
436. Usuli, Akhbari, Shaykhi, Babi: The Tribulations of a Qazvin Family, by Moojan Momen, in Iranian Studies, 36:3 (2003-09). The emergence of the Usuli school in the evolution of Shi'is jurisprudence and theology in 18th and 19th-century Iran, viewed through the lens of the Baraghani family as it faced schisms of the Akhbari, Shaykhi, and Bábí movements. [about]
437. Vahíd (Sayyed Yahyá Dárábí), by Moojan Momen, in Encyclopaedia Iranica, Volume 7 (1996). Brief excerpt, with link to article offsite. [about]
438. Varqá and His Son: A Talk by `Abdu'l-Bahá, by Abdu'l-Bahá (2022). English translation, and two transcripts of the Persian original, of a talk given by `Abdu'l-Bahá in New York on May 31, 1912. [about]
439. Varqa and Son: The Heavenly Doves, by Darius Shahrokh, in Windows to the Past (1992). History of the family of Varqa, the only family with the distinction of having a grandfather, a father, and a son all named Hand of the Cause. [about]
440. Varqá, Ali-Mohammad, by Iraj Ayman, in Encyclopaedia Iranica (2017). Brief excerpt, with link to article offsite. [about]
441. Varqá, Wali-Alláh, by Iraj Ayman, in Encyclopaedia Iranica (2017). Brief excerpt, with link to article offsite. [about]
442. Varqá and Rúhu'lláh: 101 Stories of Bravery on the Move, by Boris Handal (2020). On the lives of Varqa, the physician and talented poet, and his gifted adolescent son Ruhu'llah, who travelled across Iran to teach the Faith before being martyred in 1896. [about]
443. Violence with Impunity: Acts of aggression against Iran's Bahá'í community, by Bahá'í International Community (2013-03). Book-length report on the rising tide of violence directed against the Iranian Bahá'í community 2005-20012, and the degree to which attackers enjoy impunity from prosecution or punishment. [about]
444. Visit to Persia, A, by Guy Murchie, in Bahá'í News, 408 (1965 March/April). Notes from travels to Bahá'í holy places in Iran in 1964, on a trip made with special permission from the House of Justice; includes descriptions of the architecture of the house and shop of the Bab, the birthplace of Bahá'u'lláh, and the Síyáh Chál. [about]
445. What Did They Die For?, by Hussein Ahdieh, in IranWire (2019-08-28). Reflections on the Bahá'ís of Iran, the discrimination and brutality they have faced, and how their plight brought the faith out of obscurity. [about]
446. What is Bahá'í Orientalism?, by Geoffrey Nash, in Humanities, 10:2 (2021). Postcolonial theory can help analyze religious writing; Edward Said and the concept of mutual othering; power and knowledge are linked in the production of Orientalist discourse. Link to article (offsite). [about]
447. Where the Future Nests: 19th Century Babi and Bahá'í Photography, by Negar Mottahedeh (2009/2011). [about]
448. Whether Bahá'u'lláh and the Báb Met, Indications in the Writings and Historical Records Relative to the Question, by Universal House of Justice, in Andalib, 5:17 (1985 Winter). Overview of sources indicating that Bahá'u'lláh and The Báb never met in person. [about]
449. Who Was a Bahá'í in the Upper Echelons of Qájár Iran?, by Moojan Momen, in Religions, 14:4 (2023). The nature of multiple religious identities in a traditional society; five criteria by which many individuals can be identified as having secretly been Bahá'ís in the ruling society and administration of Qájár Iran. Link to article (offsite). [about]
450. Wild Asses, The: A Journey through Persia, by W. V. Emanuel (1939). Passing mentions of Babis in Tabriz and Zanjan. [about]
451. Witness to Shaykh Tabarsi: The Narrative of Haji Nasir Qazvini, in Witnesses to Babi and Bahá'í History, vol. 8 (2007). Biography of Qazvini, sources for the study of the conflict at Shaykh Tabarsi, and Qazvini's narrative. Includes the Persian text, and bios of Táríkh Samandar and M. A. Malik-Khusravi (in Persian). [about]
452. Witnesses to Babi and Bahá'í History, by Ahang Rabbani (1996-2010). Multiple volumes of historical materials, translations, and original research. [about]
453. Wittgensteinian Language-Games in an Indo-Persian Dialogue on the World Religions, by Juan Cole, in Iran Nameh, 30:3 (2015 Fall). Reflections on Bahá'u'lláh's theology of previous religions and Ludwig Wittgenstein’s concept of "language games"; Hinduism, India, and 19th-century Iranian culture; Manakji’s questions about Hinduism and Zoroastrianism. [about]
454. Year Amongst the Persians, A, by E. G. Browne (1893/1927). Browne's famous account of his extended visit to Iran in 1887-1888; includes many references to Bábí and Bahá'í history and personages. [about]
455. Zaynab, by John Walbridge, in Amazons to fighter pilots, a biographical dictionary of military women (2003). Brief biography of a female Bábí fighter. [about]
456. Ziba Khanum of Yazd: An Enslaved African Woman in Nineteenth-Century Iran, by Anthony Lee (2017). Issues of race, gender, slavery, and religion as experienced by an Afro-Iranian family in the 19th and 20th centuries; historiography of African women in Iran; the Herati-Khorasani family tree. [about]
457. Zoroastrian Conversions to the Bahá'í Faith in Yazd, Iran, by Susan Maneck (1983). The Bahá'í Faith appealed to Zoroastrian messianic motifs, Iranian paradigms of legitimacy, and reforming elements within the Zoroastrian community. This study examines conversions in Yazd from the early 1880s to the beginning of the 20th century. [about]
458. История Ашхабадского храма бахаи, by Ольга Мехти (2012-09-09). Небольшое историческое эссе о строительстве ашхабадского храма бахаи — личные мемуары и исследования автора, с историческими фотографиями Ашхабада XIX-начала XX века. [about]
459. تاريخ امرئی بهايی روشنکوه: History of the Bahá'í Faith in Roshankoh, by Adel Shafipour (2022). History of the Faith in an Iranian town (also transliterated Roshankouh, Roshan Kouh, and Rowshan Kuh), known recently for the destruction of Bahá'í homes in August 2021. [about]
460. تاريخ ديانت بهائى در خراسان (Táríkh-e Diyánat-e Bahá'í dar Khorásán): "The History of the Bahá'í Faith in Khorasan", by Hasan Fuadi Bushru'i (1931/2022). History of the Bahá'í Faith in Khorasan is considered one of the most important early histories of the Bahá'í community in Iran. Though written in 1931, it wasn't actually published until 2007. This online version is its second edition (2022). [about]
461. تاريخ ظُهور الحق (Tarikh-i Zuhur Al-Haqq): "The History of the Manifestation of Truth" (1968-1973). Nine volumes of Tarikh-i Zuhur Al-Haqq, hand-typed and proofread. The first volumes were originally published 1932-1936. [about]
462. مصابیح هدایت (Masabih-i-Hidayat): "Lights of Guidance", by Azizu'llah Sulaymani (1948-1976). Biographies of 99 prominent Bahá'ís from the formative years of the Faith, published between 1948 and 1976. [about]

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