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date | event | tags | firsts |
1899 3 Dec 189- |
Charles Mason Remey became a Bahá'í in Paris through May Bolles. [BFA2:151–2] | Charles Mason Remey; May Maxwell (Bolles); Paris, France; France | |
1899 19 Nov 189- |
Birth of Yan Kee Leong, the first believer in Malaya, in Selangor, Malaysia. | Yan Kee Leong; Births and deaths; Selangor, Malaysia; Malaysia; British Malaya | First believer in Malaya |
1899 (Fall) 189- |
Edward Getsinger appointed five men as a "Board of Counsel" for the Baha'is of northern New Jersey. Isabella Brittingham was made the honorary corresponding secretary, but was not a member of the body. [The Service of Women on the Institutions of the Baha'i Faith] | Edward Getsinger; Board of Council; New Jersey, USA; USA | |
1899 Oct - Nov 189- |
Stoyan Vatralsky, a Harvard educated, Bulgarian Christian, attacked the Bahá'ís, `Truth-knowers', in a series of talks in a church in Kenosha, Wisconsin. [BFA1:XXIX, 114–15; SBBH2:111 SBBH1p232; SBBH1p232-238]
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Opposition; Statistics; Kenosha, WI; Wisconsin, USA; USA | |
1899 Summer 189- |
Ethel Jenner Rosenberg accepted the Bahá'í Faith, the first English woman to become a Bahá'í in her native land. [AB73–4; ER39; GPB260; SBR20, 33; SEBW55-64, SCU17]
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Ethel Rosenberg; First Bahá'ís by country or area; United Kingdom | First English woman to become a Bahá'í in her native land |
1899 18 May – 28 Jul 189- |
At the suggestion of Czar Nicholas II of Russia, the First International Peace Conference was held in The Hague. 26 nations attended.
Although the conference failed to achieve its primary objective, the limitation on armaments, it did adopt conventions defining the state of belligerency and adopted the Convention for the Pacific Settlement of International Disputes thus creating the Permanent Court of Arbitration. [Encyclopaedia Britannica]
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- International peace conferences; Czar Nicholas II; Convention for the Pacific Settlement of International Disputes; Permanent Court of Arbitration; Peace; Central Organization for a Durable Peace; The Hague, Netherlands; Netherlands | |
1899 c. 1 May (and period following) 189- |
Kheiralla returned to the United States from `Akká. [BFA1:xxix, 158] (After his departure from Palestine he was abandoned by his British-American wife.) [SBBH1p239]
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Ibrahim George Kheiralla; Covenant-breakers; Hájí `Abdu'l-Karim-i-Tihrani; Hájí Hasan-i-Khurasani; Mírzá Asadullah-i-Isfahani; Mírzá Abu'l-Fadl Gulpaygani; `Alí Kulí Khán; USA; Akka, Israel | |
1899 May 189- |
A council board of seven officers, a forerunner of the Local Spiritual Assembly, was established in Kenosha. [BFA1:112; GPB260]
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Board of Council; Spiritual Assemblies; LSA; Kenosha, WI; Wisconsin, USA; USA | |
1899 9 Apr 189- |
Upheaval at Najafábád. [BBRXXX, 426; BW18:384–5]
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Najafabad upheaval; - Upheavals; Najaf, Iranabad, Iran; Iran | |
1899 Spring 189- |
After May Bolles returned from pilgrimage in 1899 she was the lone Bahá'í in Paris but soon established the first Bahá'í group on the European continent. The list of those who enrolled in the Faith before 1902 include: Edith MacKaye (the first to believe), and by the New Year of 1900, Charles Mason Remey and Herbert Hopper were next to follow. Then came Marie Squires (Hopper), Helen Ellis Cole, Laura Barney, Mme. Jackson, Agnes Alexander, Thomas Breakwell, Edith Sanderson, and Hippolyte Dreyfus, the first French Bahá'í. Emogene Hoagg and Mrs. Conner had come to Paris in 1900 from America, Sigurd Russell at fifteen years old returned from 'Akká a believer, and in 1901, the group was further reinforced by Juliet Thompson, Lillian James, and "the frequent passing through Paris of pilgrims from America going to the Master . . . and then again returning from the Holy Land." These are but a few, for "in 1901 and 1902 the Paris group of Bahá'ís numbered between twenty-five and thirty people with May Bolles as spiritual guide and teacher. [BW8p634; BFA2:151–2, 154–5; GBP259-26/a>; AB159; BBRSM106; SBBH1:93] | May Maxwell (Bolles); Thomas Breakwell; Hippolyte Dreyfus-Barney; Laura Clifford Barney; Charles Mason Remey; Herbert Hopper; Marie Squires (Hopper); Helen Ellis Cole; Mme. Jackson; Agnes Alexander; Edith Sanderson; Emogene Hoagg; Mrs Conner; Sigurd Russell; Juliet Thompson; Lillian James; Paris, France; France | First Bahá'í group on European continent. First Frenchman to embrace the Faith. |
1899 23 Mar 189- |
Edward and Lua Getsinger departed Akká and arrived in New York City on the 20th of May. [LGHC30]
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Edward Getsinger; Lua Getsinger; Pilgrimage; First pilgrims; Pilgrims; Greatest Name; `Abdu'l-Bahá, Voice recordings of; * `Abdu'l-Bahá (chronology); Gifts; Akka, Israel; New York, USA; USA | |
1899 13 Mar 189- |
Near the end of the first Western pilgrims to Akka (8 December 1898 to 23 March 1899), government officials in Akka received word from Istanbul that they were to prevent all foreigner from visiting 'Abdu'l-Bahá. Only 5 of the group of Western pilgrims remained by this time but a group of Persian pilgrims were required to leave almost immediately after the start of their pilgrimage. [LWS150-151]
One possible trigger was the conspicuous arrival of two American women and their retinue. One of these women, Margaret Bloodgood Peeke, had altered their travel plans by adding Akka so that she could meet 'Abdu'l-Bahá. [LWS151] |
Pilgrimage; First pilgrims; Pilgrims; Margaret Bloodgood Peeke; Akka, Israel | |
1899 12 Mar 189- |
Margaret Peeke (b. 8 April 1838, d. 2 November 1908) and an unknown companion visited 'Abdu'l-Bahá in Akka. They had two interviews of two and three hours each. Mrs Peeke was a presenter at Green Acre and wrote several books on the Rosicrucians, the occult and psychic phenomena.. [SoW Vol 2 No 14 November 23, 1911 p16; LWS152-158]
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Pilgrimage; First pilgrims; Pilgrims; Margaret Peeke; Occultism; Akka, Israel | |
1899 16 Feb 189- |
Birth of Hermann Grossmann, Hand of the Cause of God, in Rosario de Santa Fé, Argentina, into a family of German background. [Bahaipedia] | Hermann Grossmann; - Hands of the Cause; Hands of the Cause, Births and deaths; Births and deaths; Rosario, Argentina; Argentina | |
1899 16 Feb 189- |
The third group of Western pilgrims arrived in the Holy Land after completing their six-week cruise on the Nile.
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Pilgrimage; Pilgrims; First pilgrims; Anne Apperson; Julia Pearson; Robert Turner; May Maxwell (Bolles); Maryam Thornburgh-Cropper; Haifa, Israel; Akka, Israel | |
1899 c. Feb - Mar 189- |
`Abdu'l-Bahá, accompanied by Kheiralla, laid the foundation stone for the Shrine of the Báb. [BFA1:XXVIII, 142; BBD209; GPB275; SBBH2:112; LWS148]
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* `Abdu'l-Bahá (chronology); Báb, Shrine of; Foundation stones and groundbreaking; Ibrahim George Kheiralla; Haifa, Israel | |
1899 Feb 189- |
The first Tablets of `Abdu'l-Bahá arrived in America. [BFA1:143]
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* `Abdu'l-Bahá, Writings and talks of; * `Abdu'l-Bahá (chronology); Firsts, other; USA | First Tablets of `Abdu'l-Bahá arrive in America |
1899 31 Jan 189- |
The Remains of the Báb arrived in the Holy Land. [BBD209; DH66; GPB274; LWS147]
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Báb, Remains of; Bahiyyih Khanum (Greatest Holy Leaf); Báb, Shrine of; House of `Abdu'lláh Páshá; Akka, Israel | |
1899 mid Jan 189- |
By mid-January Marion Kheiralla arrived in Akka. [BFA1p145] | Pilgrimage; First pilgrims; Pilgrims; Marion Miller Kheiralla; Akka, Israel; Haifa, Israel | |
1899 (In the year) 189- |
Siyyid Mustafá Rúmí and others transported a marble casket to the Holy Land made by the Bahá'ís of Mandalay to accommodate the remains of the Báb. [BW10:517] Photograph of the sarcophagus in its transport crate after it reached Haifa. [Bahá'í Media Bank] |
Siyyid Mustafa Rumi; Báb, Shrine of; Báb, Sarcophagus for; Sarcophagus; Haifa, Israel; Mandalay, Myanmar | |
1899 (In the year) 189- |
A local spiritual assembly called "The Consulting Assembly of Tihrán", a forerunner of the National Spiritual Assembly was established. [EB175–6; 26 November, 2007]
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National Spiritual Assembly, formation; LSA; - Hands of the Cause; Appointments; Elections; Tehran, Iran; Iran | first National Assembly of Iran |
1899 (In the year) 189- |
The Serpent by Thornton Chase, an 18-page pamphlet on the image of the serpent in the Bible, was published in Chicago. This was probably the first published essay written by an American Bahá'í. [BFA2:26] | Thornton Chase; - First publications; * Publications; Chicago, IL; USA | First published essay written by American Bahá'í |
1899 (In the year) 189- |
Miss Olive Jackson of Manhattan became the first black American woman Bahá'í. [BFA1:126–7] | Race; Firsts, other; Olive Jackson; Manhattan, NY; New York, USA; USA | First black American woman Bahá'í |
c. 1899 189- |
It is believed that the first Bahá'ís, a couple, were in Italy in 1899. [BN #43 Aug 1930 p8]
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Italy | First Bahá'í group in Italy. First group in Italy. |
1898 21 Dec 189- |
Birth of Dorothy Beecher Baker, Hand of the Cause of God. | Dorothy Baker; - Hands of the Cause; Hands of the Cause, Births and deaths; Births and deaths | |
1898 c. 20 Dec 189- |
The second group of Western pilgrims arrived in `Akká, and stayed three days before returning to Cairo to resume their plan for a six-week trip up the Nile which began soon after New Year's Day. [BFA1:145]
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Pilgrimage; First pilgrims; Pilgrims; Phoebe Hearst; Amalie Bachrodt; Thornburg, Mrs; Robert Turner; Akka, Israel | |
1898 10 Dec 189- |
The first Western pilgrims arrived in `Akká. [AB68; BBD13; BBRXXX; DH214; GPB257; SCU13; Bahá'í Teachings]
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Pilgrims; Pilgrimage; First pilgrims; Mary Virginia Thornburgh-Cropper; Robert Turner; First believers by background; Edward Getsinger; Lua Getsinger; Anton Haddad; Kitáb-i-Aqdas (Most Holy Book); House of `Abdu'lláh Páshá; `Abdu'l-Bahá, Voice recordings of; * `Abdu'l-Bahá (chronology); Akka, Israel; Cairo, Egypt; Egypt | First Western pilgrims; first group of first Western pilgrims; the first Tablet addressed to a North American believer; first member of black race to become Bahá'í |
1898 13 Nov 189- |
`Abdu'l-Bahá commemorated Kheiralla's arrival by ending the period of mourning for Bahá'u'lláh and by opening His Tomb to pilgrims for the first time. [BFA1:142–3; SBBH2:112] | Ibrahim George Kheiralla; Firsts, other; Bahá'u'lláh, Shrine of; Bahá'u'lláh, Ascension of; Pilgrimage; Pilgrims; Bahji, Israel | First time Tomb of Bahá'u'lláh opened to pilgrims |
1898 11 Nov 189- |
Kheiralla arrived in `Akká. [BFA1:XXVIII, 141]
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Ibrahim George Kheiralla; Pilgrimage; First pilgrims; Pilgrims; Akka, Israel | |
1898 (Before 10 Dec) 189- |
During this period, `Abdu'l-Bahá issued instructions that, under no circumstances, was the Cause of God to be proclaimed or propagated in Egypt. The pilgrims who came through Port Said on a monthly basis were told when they arrived not to teach the Cause and, if they were asked about the Faith, not to offer a response. Ibrahim Effendi, who served in the Egyptian Custom Office as an inspector, noticed the coming and going of pilgrims from Persia and pressed for an explanation. One of the pilgrims, a renowned Bahá'í teacher from a Zoroastrian background named Jinab-i-Nush, unaware of the injunction, began to teach him. Mirza Áqá reported the incident to 'Abdu'l-Bahá and He welcomed the new believer with a Tablet. Ibrahim Effendi became an intrepid teacher of the Faith. | Jinab-i-Nush; Ibrahim Effendi; Port Said, Egypt; Egypt | first first native believer of Port Said. |
1898 Oct 189- |
Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany visited Haifa where the Templer colony numbered about 700 souls. His ship docked at what is now Ben Gurion Avenue. (The modern port built during the British Mandate period reclaimed much land altering the shoreline of Haifa beyond recognition and depriving the German colony of direct access to the sea. The Kaiser's visit was the apex of the history of the colony and would be commemorated with a stone marker that today sits just above the entrance at the top of the Terraces of the Shrine of the Báb.) He, however, chose not to go to Akka where 'Abdu'l-Bahá lived and He did not go to see the Kaiser because he "was proud He was the embodiment of pride." [VAB8; LWS10, 288n20] | Templer Society (German Templer colony); Kaiser Wilhelm II; Haifa, Israel | |
1898 22 Sep 189- |
The first Western pilgrims departed for `Akká, travelling via New York and Paris. [BFA1:XXVIII, 140–1, 230]
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Pilgrimage; First pilgrims; Pilgrims; Phoebe Hearst; Lua Getsinger; Edward Getsinger; Robert Turner; Ibrahim George Kheiralla; New York, USA; USA | First Western pilgrims |
1898 (Autumn) 189- |
Eighteen people became Bahá'ís in Kenosha, Wisconsin, following the visit of Kheiralla in the autumn of 1897. [BFA1:XXVIII]
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Ibrahim George Kheiralla; Kenosha, WI; Wisconsin, USA | |
1898 20 Aug 189- |
Jamál Effendi passed away in `Akká. [EB128; Momen-Jamal Effendi]
Note: Balyuzi gives the date of August 20th with giving a source. Momen says that Jamál Effendi lived out the last days in Akka. He died on 9 November 1898. He was buried in the Akka cemetery near the grave of Mírzá Músá, the brother of Bahá'u'lláh. 'Abdu'l-Bahá wrote a tablet of visitation for him and instructed that on his grave be written the following words: Verily, Jamál ad-Dín, a traveller famous in every clime, the spreader of the fragrance of the love of God, has now become a traveller in those realms of God which are hidden from the eyes of the people of realm of veils. 1316 AH |
Jamal Effendi; In Memoriam; Births and deaths; Akka, Israel | |
1898 Jul or Aug 189- |
Phoebe Hearst became a Bahá'í in California through the efforts of Lua and Edward Getsinger. [BFA1:XXVIII 139; LDNW14-15]
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Phoebe Hearst; Lua Getsinger; Edward Getsinger; California, USA; USA | |
1898 1 Jun 189- |
Áqá Ghulám-Husayn-i-Banádakí was killed by a mob in Yazd after refusing to deny his faith. [BW18:384] | Persecution, Iran; - Persecution, Mobs; - Persecution, Deaths; - Persecution; Yazd, Iran; Iran | |
1898 Jun 189- |
In New York City, 141 people became Bahá'ís in the five months since Kheiralla's arrival. [BFA1:XXVIII, 125] | Ibrahim George Kheiralla; New York, USA; USA | |
1898 Apr 189- |
Nine Bahá'ís attending a Ridván meeting were arrested, beaten and imprisoned in Hamadán. [BW18:384] | Persecution, Iran; - Persecution, Arrests; - Persecution; Hamadán, Iran; Iran | |
1898 9 Feb 189- |
Hájí Muhammad-i-Turk was shot, beaten and then burned to death in a main street in Mashhad by four religious students. [BBRXXX, 406; BW18:384]
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Hájí Muhammad-i-Turk; Mashhad, Iran | |
1898 Feb 189- |
Kheiralla arrived in New York and began classes on the Bahá'í Faith. [BFA1:XXVIII, 116] | Ibrahim George Kheiralla; New York, USA | |
1898 (In the year) 189- |
Several Bahá'ís were arrested and imprisoned in Qazvín. [BW18:384] Hájí Muhammad was set upon and killed in Hisár, Khurásán. BW18:384] |
Persecution, Iran; - Persecution, Arrests; - Persecution, Deaths; - Persecution; Qazvin, Iran; Hisar, Iran; Khurásán, Iran; Iran | |
1898 (In the year) 189- |
The Tarbíyat School for boys was established in Tihrán by the Bahá'ís. [BBD221] | Tarbiyat School, Tihran; - Bahá'í inspired schools; Social and economic development; Tehran, Iran; Iran | Founding of the first Tarbíyat School for boys |
1898 (In the year) 189- |
The first anti-Bahá'í polemical tracts were published by Christian missionaries in Iran. [SBB111:69] | Criticism and apologetics; Firsts, other; Iran | First anti-Bahá'í polemics by missionaries in Iran |
1898 (In the year) 189- |
`Abdu'l-Bahá instructed that the remains of the Báb be brought from their hiding place in Tihrán to the Holy Land. [BBD209]
In the 48 years since His martyrdom the Remains of the Báb had been secreted from a silk factory in Tabriz to Ṭihrán, Iṣfáhán, Kirmansháh, Baghdád, Damascus, Beirut and finally to 'Akká and then to the Mountain of God. [CoF54] He insisted that the utmost secrecy be observed. "The dangers inherent in conserving such s precious Trust were enhanced tenfold with the defection of 'Abdu'l-Bahá's brothers….Spies in the employ of these disloyal members of Bahá'u'lláh's own family could be found in the telegraph offices and ports throughout the region." [LWS147] |
Báb, Remains of; Báb, Shrine of; Tehran, Iran; Iran | |
1896-1897 189- |
In a gathering in Akka, 'Abdu'l-Bahá informed the friends of the threats of Siyyid Jamalud-Din-i-Afghani, a sometimes collaborator with Sultán 'Abdu'l-Maníd and an inveterate enemy of the Faith. He had vision of a pan-Islamic Ottoman state with the Sultan as the head of all Muslims. A short time after `Abdu'l-Bahá had spoken about him, a small growth appeared on the Siyyid's tongue. The Sultan's special physician was sent to attend him. In a number of operations, his tongue was cut several times until none was left and, soon after, he died. This was the end of a person whose tongue had spoken presumptuously towards the Cause of God and had committed such slander and calumny against the Faith. He has been called the "Protagonist of Pan-Islamism".
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Jamalud-Din-i-Afghani; Covenant-breakers; Muhammad-`Alí Sháh; Akka, Israel; Tabríz, Iran; Iran | |
1897 30 May 189- |
The Covenant-breakers living at Bahji, realized that Mírzá Àqá Ján would be useful to them in their plot to undermine the authority of 'Abdu'l-Bahá. They sent a letter to him purportedly from the Bahá'ís in Iran requesting that he assume leadership. Mírzá Àqá Ján arranged for a feast to be held at the Shrine of Bahá'u'lláh on the fifth anniversary of His passing when he planned to announce his intention to the assembled followers. The Covenant-breakers, anticipating that his announcement would cause a disturbance, bribed a local official to have men on hand to take charge of the scene and to discredit 'Abdu'l-Bahá in the process. They had hope that He would be banished and they would be left in complete control of the Shrine. The disturbance did not happen as planned; the the result was that Mírzá Àqá Ján had openly thrown in his lot with the Covenant-breakers. They arranged for him to live in the Shrine until his death in 1901. During this time 'Abdu'l-Bahá and the faithful followers did not enter the Shrine but rather observed their devotions outside. [CoB184-189; MBBA84-90] | Mírzá Aqa Jan (Khadimu'lláh); Mírzá Muhammad Ali; Covenant-breakers; Bahji, Israel | |
1897 21 May 189- |
Lua Getsinger became a Bahá'í in Chicago. She had been called Khayru'lláh's best pupil. [BFA1:XXVII, AY59] | Lua Getsinger; Ibrahim George Kheiralla; Chicago, IL; USA | |
1897 Spring 189- |
Finding the situation in `Akka intolerable, `Abdu'l-Bahá had moved to Haifa's Retreat of Elijah on Mount Carmel for two months. [MBBA69] | * `Abdu'l-Bahá (chronology); Covenant-breakers; Cave of Elijah; Elijah (Prophet); Akka, Israel; Haifa, Israel; Mount Carmel | |
1897 26 Mar 189- |
From the time of the passing of Bahá'u'lláh, Abdu'l-Bahá endured significant family opposition to His authority and position as the Centre of the Covenant. For several years He had worked to contain the news of these defections and to prevent any word of them from reaching other Bahá'í communities. By 1896-7 the Bahá'ís of Egypt had heard enough of the details that when Mirza Habibu'llah Afnan was going on a pilgrimage, they asked him to learn as much as he could. To his great shock, the Afnan soon apprised that indeed Abdu'l-Bahá's brothers and the majority of his family had arisen against him in rebellion. They accused Him of claiming to be a manifestation Himself and for the mistreatment of the break-away part of the family. As instructed by 'Abdul-Bahá, he, on his return to Egypt, informed the Bahá'í community of the situation. Mirza Abu'l-Fadl found this hard to accept in view of Bahá'u'lláh instructions regarding the treatment of the Holy Family after His passing. Therefore, he wrote to Abdu'l-Bahá to confirm the truth of this news and received in response a lengthy tablet that has been called The First Thousand-Verse Tablet. ['Abdu'l-Baha's First Thousand-Verse Tablet: History and Provisional Translation by Ahang Rabbani and Khazeh Fananapazir] In the Tablet He described how He had suffered from the activities of both "the waverers and the rebellious" from among the family and associates. They had deployed others to undermine the authority of 'Abdu'l-Bahá in Persia (where Jamál-i- Burújirdí was foremost among the Covenant-breakers.) and in other lands and even used the name of steadfast believers to disseminate their messages to undermine His authority. Up until this time 'Abdu'l-Bahá had spent considerable effort in trying to contain the news of their activities and had amassed considerable debt in trying to appease their demands. To compound 'Abdu'l-Bahá's woes and difficulties, in addition to opposition from within the Faith, the Azalis were active, particularly in Persia. Opposition also came from the Ottoman government in Istanbul, the local authorities and from the Islam and possibly the Christian communities in Akka. iiiii |
Covenant-breakers; * `Abdu'l-Bahá, Writings and talks of; Thousand-Verse Tablet; Khalil-i-Khui; Jamal-i-Burujirdi; Mírzá Abu'l-Fadl Gulpaygani; Mírzá Muhammad Ali; Akka, Israel; Iran; Azerbaijan; Egypt; Cairo, Egypt | |
1897 1 Mar 189- |
The birth of Shoghi Effendi, in the house of `Abdu'lláh Páshá. [BBD208; BKG359; DH60, 214; GBF2]
...we write to advise you that it has not been possible to establish with absolute accuracy the date of the beloved Guardian's birth. Shoghi Effendi's passport gives 3rd March 1896…A note in the Guardian's handwriting indicates 1st March 1897…A further and different date has been noted by Shoghi Effendi's father. Unless further research is able to clarify the matter, it is not possible to make a categorical statement of the Guardian's birth date. |
* Shoghi Effendi (chronology); House of `Abdu'lláh Páshá; Bahá'u'lláh, Family of; `Abdu'l-Bahá, Family of; Afnan; Aghsan; Hájí Mírzá Abu'l-Qasim; Rabbani (name); Names and titles; - Basic timeline, Condensed; - Basic timeline, Expanded; * Shoghi Effendi, Basic timeline; Akka, Israel | |
1897 24 Feb 189- |
Birth of Jalal Khazeh (Jalál Khádih), Hand of the Cause of God, in Tihrán. | Jalal Khazeh; - Hands of the Cause; Hands of the Cause, Births and deaths; Births and deaths; Tehran, Iran; Iran | |
1897 Feb 189- |
Six Bahá'ís were arrested in Mamaqán, Ádharbáyján. Three were bastinadoed and three were imprisoned in Tabríz. [BW18:384] | Persecution, Adharbayjan; Persecution, Iran; - Persecution, Arrests; - Persecution; Mamaqan, Iran; Azerbaijan; Tabríz, Iran; Iran | |
1897 (In the year) 189- |
Fifteen Bahá'ís were arrested in Saysán, Ádharbáyján. They were taken to Tabríz, imprisoned and fined. [BW18:384]
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Aqa Najafi (Son of the Wolf); Persecution, Iran; - Persecution, Arrests; - Persecution; Saysan, Iran; Azerbaijan; Tabríz, Iran; Nayriz, Iran; Hamadán, Iran; Iran | |
1897 (In the year) 189- |
The Hands of the Cause appointed by Bahá'u'lláh were instructed by `Abdu'l-Bahá to gather to begin the consultations regarding the future organization of the Bahá'í community in Tihrán.
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Hands appointed by Bahá'u'lláh; Hands of the Cause, Activities; Central Spiritual Assembly of Tihran; Spiritual Assemblies; LSA; - Administrative Order; Tehran, Iran; Iran | |
1897 (In the year) 189- |
Hájí Mírzá Muhammad-`Alí, the first Bahá'í to have settled China, died in Bombay on his way back to Shíráz. [PH24]
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Hájí Mírzá Muhammad-`Alí Afnán; Afnan; In Memoriam; Births and deaths; China; Mumbai, India; India | First Bahá'í to have settled in China |
1897 (In the year) 189- |
The passing of Hand of the Cause of God Shaykh Muhammad-Ridáy-i-Yazdí (Mullá Ridá) while incarcerated in the Síyáh-Cháh. [RoB2p84-91; Bahaipedia; Wikipedia]
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Mulla Rida (Shaykh Muhammad-Riday-i-Yazdi); In Memoriam; - Hands of the Cause; Hands of the Cause, Births and deaths; Births and deaths; Hands of the Cause, Activities; Siyah Chal (Black Pit); * Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; Hands of the Cause, referred to as such by `Abdu'l-Bahá; Shaykh Muhammad-Riday-i-Yazdi; Mulla Muhammad-i-Riday-i-Muhammmad-Ábadi; Hands of the Cause, referred to as such by `Abdu'l-Bahá; Hands of the Cause, Appointments; Hands of the Cause, Births and deaths; Births and deaths; Persecution, Iran; Azizullah Sulaymani; Muhammad-Ábád, Iran; Yazd, Iran; Tehran, Iran; Iran | |
1897 or 1900 189- |
Tablets, Communes and Holy Utterances, a collection of writings by Bahá'u'lláh, was published in Chicago. 23p. [BFA2:26]
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- Compilations; * Prayer texts; Anton Haddad; * Publications; Publishing Trusts; - First publications; Chicago, IL; USA | First prayer book and first compilation of Bahá'í writings published in West |
1896 (In the year) 189- |
`Abdu'l-Bahá was forced to withdraw from `Akká to Tiberias owing to the accusations levelled against Him by Mírzá Muhammad-`Alí. [SBBH1:77] | Mírzá Muhammad Ali; Covenant-breakers; * `Abdu'l-Bahá (chronology); Tiberias, Israel; Akka, Israel | |
1896 Nov 189- |
Mírzá Muhammad-`Alí sent letters with misleading statements and calumnies against `Abdu'l-Bahá, thus making widely known his Covenant-breaking activities. `Abdu'l-Bahá could no longer conceal his unfaithfulness. [CB151, 178 SDH128-129; MBBA77] | Mírzá Muhammad Ali; Covenant-breakers; * `Abdu'l-Bahá (chronology); Akka, Israel | |
1896 c. Oct 189- |
`Abdu'l-Bahá rented the former Governorate of `Abdu'lláh Páshá in the northwest corner of the city of `Akká at the inner moat. [BBD13, 108; DH60]
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`Abdu'lláh Páshá; House of `Abdu'lláh Páshá; * `Abdu'l-Bahá (chronology); `Abdu'l-Bahá, Family of; Akka, Israel | |
1896 24 Jul 189- |
Four Bahá'ís were executed in Turbat-i-Haydarí on the order of the mujtahid. [BW18:384; BBR405]
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Hájí Muhammad Sadiq; Persecution, Iran; - Persecution, Deaths; - Persecution; Assassinations; Nasirid-Din Sháh; Turbat-i-Haydari, Iran; Iran | |
1896 21 Jul 189- |
Hájí Muhammad Sádiq was stabbed to death in Turbat-i-Haydarí. [BW18:384] | Hájí Muhammad Sadiq; Persecution, Iran; - Persecution, Deaths; - Persecution; Turbat-i-Haydari, Iran; Iran | |
1896 Jun - Jul 189- |
Several Bahá'ís were beaten and four were imprisoned in Turbat-i-Haydarí when two mujtahids stirred up the townspeople against them. [BW18:384] | Persecution, Iran; - Persecution, Arrests; - Persecution; Turbat-i-Haydari, Iran; Iran | |
1896 13 May 189- |
Birth of Dr Ugo Giachery, Hand of the Cause of God, in Palermo, Sicily. [Wikipedia] | Ugo Giachery; - Hands of the Cause; Hands of the Cause, Births and deaths; Births and deaths; Palermo, Italy; Sicily, Italy | |
1896 1 May 189- |
The martyrdom of Hand of the Cause of God Varqa ('Dove'), Mírzá 'Ali-Muhammad. (b.1856 in Yazd, d. in Tehran) He and his young son,
Ruhu'lláh, were killed by, Hajib'ud-Dawleh, one of the Qajar courtiers, in fact, the Chief Steward, in the aftermath of the assassination of Nasir'd-Din Shah. Varqá was slashed to death before the eyes of his twelve-year-old son who, still refusing to recant, was strangled. [GPB296; BBRXXIX; SUR77; BW18p384; Bahá'í Encyclopedia Project]
|
Varqa; Varqá, Mírzá `Alí-Muhammad; Varqa, Ruhullah; In Memoriam; - Apostles of Bahá'u'lláh; - Hands of the Cause; Hands of the Cause, referred to as such by `Abdu'l-Bahá; Hands of the Cause, Appointments; Hands of the Cause, Births and deaths; Births and deaths; Hands of the Cause, Activities; Persecution, Iran; - Persecution, Deaths; - Persecution; Yazd, Iran; Tehran, Iran; Iran | |
1896 1 May 189- |
Muzaffari'd-Dín became the shah of Persia. He was the son of Násiri'd-Dín Sháh. He had been sent as governor to the province of Azerbaijan in 1861 and, as the crown prince, had spent 35 years in the pursuit of pleasure. When he ascended to the throne he was unprepared for the office. In addition, the country had huge debts to both Britain and Russia.
|
Muzaffarid-Dín Sháh; - Shahs; - Throne changes; History (general); Iran, General history; Iran | |
1896 (In the year) 189- |
ʻIshqábád was one of the first places (possibly the first) in which 'Abdu'l-Bahá gave instructions for the setting up of an elected Bahá'í assembly. This was done in 1313 A.H. (1895-6) and was called at first the Spiritual Board of Counsel (Mahfil-i Shawra Rawhani) and later the Spiritual Assembly (Mahfil-i Rawhani). THE BAHA'I COMMUNITY OF ASHKHABAD; ITS SOCIAL BASIS AND IMPORTANCE IN BAHA'I HISTORY by Moojan Momen pg287; Note 11] | Local Spiritual Assembly, formation; Ashgabat; Turkmenistan | first local assembly |
1896 19 Apr 189- |
Násiri'd-Dín Sháh was assassinated on the eve of the celebration of his jubilee. He had ascended to the throne in 1848 and by the Islamic lunar calendar it marked the 50th year of his reign. [BKG455]
|
Nasirid-Din Sháh; - Shahs; - Throne changes; Qajar dynasty; History (general); Iran, General history; Births and deaths; Jamalud-Din-i-Afghani; Assassinations; Rayy, Iran; Iran | |
1896 15 Feb 189- |
Birth of Leroy C. Ioas, Hand of the Cause of God, in Wilmington, Illinois. His parents, Charles and Maria had become Bahá'ís in 1898 taught by Paul Dealy who was teaching Kheiralla's classes in Chicago. [Wikipedia; The Bahá'í Faith: Beginning in North America by Robert Stockman, World Order Vol 18 Issue 4 p24] | Leroy Ioas; - Hands of the Cause; Hands of the Cause, Births and deaths; Births and deaths; Wilmington, IL; Illinois, USA | |
1896 (In the year) 189- |
Mullá Hasan Khazá'í was arrested in Khúzistán. [BW18:384] | Persecution, Iran; - Persecution, Arrests; - Persecution; Khuzistan, Iran; Iran | |
1896 (In the year) 189- |
Áqá Siyyid Mihdíy-i-Yazdí was martyred in Tabríz. [BW18:384] | Persecution, Iran; - Persecution, Deaths; - Persecution; Tabríz, Iran; Iran | |
1896 (In the year) 189- |
Bahá'ís in Hisár, Khurásán were persecuted and imprisoned. [BW18:384] | Persecution, Iran; - Persecution, Arrests; - Persecution; Hisar, Iran; Khurásán, Iran; Iran | |
1896 (In the year) 189- |
Díyá'íyyih Khánum, the eldest daughter of `Abdu'l-Bahá, married Mírzá Hádí Afnán of Shíráz. [BW4:234 (GENEALOGY); DH59–60]
|
Diyaiyyih Khanum; Mírzá Hadi Afnan; Afnan; `Abdu'l-Bahá, Family of; * `Abdu'l-Bahá (chronology); Shoghi Effendi, Family of; Akka, Israel | |
1895 23 Jun 189- |
Birth of Leonora Stirling Holsapple (later Armstrong) in Hudson, New York. She was the first pioneer to Brazil and is regarded as the Mother of South America. [Wikipedia] | Leonora Holsapple Armstrong; Names and titles; Births and deaths; Hudson, NY; New York, USA; USA | first Baha'i in Brazil |
1895 c. summer 189- |
Miss Marion Brown became a Bahá'í in London, the first European to accept the Bahá'í Faith. [BFA1:37] | Marion Brown; First Bahá'ís by country or area; London, England; United Kingdom | First European to become a Bahá'í |
1895 (In the year) 189- |
Mrs Kate C. Ives of Orleans, Cape Cod, Massachusetts became a Bahá'í, making her the first Western woman to have accepted the Bahá'í Faith. [BFA1:37] | First Bahá'ís by country or area; Orleans, MA; Cape Cod, Massachusetts; Massachusetts, USA; USA | First Western woman to become a Bahá'í |
1894 5 Jun 189- |
Thornton Chase became a Bahá'í in Chicago. [BBD53; BFA1:35–6]
|
Thornton Chase; First Bahá'ís by country or area; Names and titles; Emanuel Swedenborg; Chicago, IL; USA | First American Bahá'í |
1894 Feb 189- |
Ibrahim George Kheiralla settled in Chicago. [BFA1:XXVII, AB65]
|
Ibrahim George Kheiralla; Anton Haddad; Teaching; Firsts, other; Chicago, IL; New York, USA; Philadelphia, PA; Kenosha, WI; Ithaca, NY; USA | First Bahá'í community in North America formed in Chicago |
1894 (In the year) 189- |
From the day of
Bahá'u'lláh's ascension Bahiyyih
Khánum had grown so thin and feeble
and was in such a weakened condition from the anguish of her
mourning that she was close to breakdown. `Abdu'l-Bahá sent her to Egypt in the care of Hasan-i-Khúrásání. She returned not long after the assassination of the Shah in April 1896. [Memories of the Báb, Bahá'u'lláh and 'Abdu'l-Bahá:
Memoirs of Mírzá Habíbu'lláh Afnán
edited and translated by Ahang Rabbani. p61]
|
Bahiyyih Khanum (Greatest Holy Leaf); Hasan-i-Khurasani; Cairo, Egypt; Egypt | |
1894 (In the year) 189- |
`Abdu'l-Bahá sent Mírzá Abú'l-Fadl to Cairo. The Master
instructed the prominent Bahá'ís not to associate openly with him
so that he would not attract undue attention and notice. He moved to an apartment with two furnished rooms,
situated above the business of an Afnan in Saray-i-Jawahiri. He began
teaching philosophy and logic at Al-Azhar University and meeting
and associating with the learned and accomplished men of his time.
He organized and taught classes in various branches of knowledge
and philosophy. He was "outed" as a Bahá'í went he arose to defend the community in the aftermath of the assassination of the Shah in April of 1896. [Memories of the Báb,
Bahá'u'lláh and `Abdu'l-Bahá By
Mírzá Habíbu'lláh Afnán
p58-59; 65]
|
Mírzá Abu'l-Fadl Gulpaygani; Cairo, Egypt; Egypt | |
1894 (In the year) 189- |
Two Bahá'ís were arrested and bastinadoed in Níshápúr. One died seven days later, the other two years later. [BW18:384]
|
Persecution, Iran; Nishapur, Iran; Hamadán, Iran; Dastjirdan, Iran; Faran, Iran; Iran | |
1894 (In the year) 189- |
Green Acre was founded by Sarah J. Farmer in the aftermath of the World Parliament of Religions. [BBRSM:104; BFA2:142–7; BW5:29; GPB261; SBBH1:125] | - Bahá'í schools (conference centres); Sarah Farmer; Green Acre, Eliot, ME; Parliament of the World's Religions; Eliot, ME; Maine, USA; USA | |
1893 23 Sep 189- |
First public reference in North America to the Bahá'í Faith. [SBBH1p76]
|
Parliament of the World's Religions; Interfaith dialogue; First mentions; Mentions; Henry Jessup; Christian missionaries; Bahá'í Faith, Early Western Accounts of; Chicago, IL; USA | First public reference in North America to Bahá'í Faith |
1893 17 Jun 189- |
Áqá Muhammad-Ridáy-i-Muhammadábádí was killed by three men on the orders of two of the `ulamá of Yazd. [BW18:384; GPB296]
|
Persecution, Iran; - Persecution, Deaths; - Persecution; Firsts, other; Yazd, Iran; Iran | First to suffer martyrdom in ministry of `Abdu'l-Bahá |
1893 28 May 189- |
Mírzá Áqá Ján, Bahá'u'lláh's amanuensis for almost 40 years, threw in his lot with Mírzá Muhammad`Alí and became a Covenant-breaker. [CB181, RoB1p315-319]
|
Mírzá Aqa Jan (Khadimu'lláh); Mírzá Muhammad Ali; Covenant-breakers; Bahji, Israel | |
1893 c. 189- |
`Abdu'l-Bahá wrote Risáliy-i-Siyásiyyih (variously translated as "Treatise on Politics", "A Treatise on Statesmanship" and "Treatise on Leadership"). [ABMM] He wrote it in response to the crisis in Persia known as the Tobacco Revolt which was an insurrection against the Shah for having granted the tobacco monopoly to British interests at the expense of Persian farmers and businessmen. The Treatise was the first policy statement of `Abdu'l-Bahá upon taking the reins of the leadership of the Bahá'í community. It shows His alarm at the increasing involvement of religious leaders and communities in this populist movement against the civil Iranian state and cites the way past such religious populist movements have led to foreign intervention or increased absolutism (e.g. the `Urabi Revolt in Egypt and the 1876 Constitutional Revolution in Istanbul). `Abdu'l-Bahá argues forcefully for a separation of religion and state as a basis for Bahá'í non-involvement in such anti-state violence. |
Risaliy-i-Siyasiyyih (Treatise on Leadership); * `Abdu'l-Bahá (chronology); * `Abdu'l-Bahá, Writings and talks of; Politics; Tobacco Revolt; * Publications; * `Abdu'l-Bahá, Basic timeline; - Basic timeline, Expanded; Church and state; Akka, Israel; Bahji, Israel; Iran | |
1892 20 Dec 189- |
Ibrahim Kheiralla arrived in New York. [AB65; BBD129; BFA1:26; SSBH1:88; AY111]
|
Ibrahim George Kheiralla; New York, USA; USA | |
1892 19 Dec 189- |
Mirza Abu'l-Fadl Gulpaygani, at the request of Alexander Tumansky, wrote a treatise for him, Risáliy-i Iskandaríyyh. It was a major work which provided a brief summary of the life of Bahá'u'lláh, as well as unique information on the controversial Bábí histories Táríkh-i Jadíd and Naqtatu'l-Káf. There was the courageous defense of the Bahá'í Faith that Abú'l Fadl was able to publish in the Egyptian press, the first article of its kind. It has been published in Mírzá Abu'l-Faḍl; Letters and Essays 1886-1913 translated by Juan Ricardo Cole. | Mírzá Abu'l-Fadl; Alexander Tumansky; Taríkh-i-Jadíd (New History) | |
1892 29 Sep 189- |
Russian Orientalist, Baron Viktor Romanovich Rosen (1849–1908), at a meeting of the Oriental Section of the Imperial Russian Archaeological Society in St. Petersburg, read a paper written by a junior colleague and former student, Aleksandr Grigor'evich Tumanski (1861–1920). He was a Russian soldier and orientalist who took a close interest in the Bahá'ís and spent some time in the Bahá'í community in Ashkhabad. He published the text and a translation of the Kitab-i-Aqdas as well as a number of papers.
|
Baron Rosen; Alexander Tumansky; Andalib (poet); St. Petersburg, Russia; Russia | |
1892 3 Sep 189- |
Nabíl, inconsolable at the death of Bahá'u'lláh, committed suicide by drowning himself in the sea. [AB56; BBD167; BKG265-268, , 427–8; MF32-37; DH81; EB268-270; GPB222; Rob1p201-206]
Nabil's life as a Bahá'í is summed up in his extensive travels throughout Iran, Iraq, Turkey, the Caucasus, Egypt, and Palestine. In his early travels as a Bahá'í, he met with the Bábí communities to invite them to the Bahá'í faith; he attracted the Bábi leaders to the recognition of Bahá'u'lláh as the fulfillment of the Báb's prophecies concerning the promised messianic figure and helped reinforce the belief of the new Bahá'ís in the teachings and principles that were being advanced by Bahá'u'lláh. Through these activities, Nabíl became an outstanding teacher, defender, and promulgator of the Bahá'í faith. [Dawn over Mount Hira, "The Poet Laureate" p19-104, or p85-98, "Nabil-e aʿzam Zaranadi, Mollā Mohammad," by Vahid Rafati, Encyclopædia Iranica, DB434-435] His other works in prose included a treatise on the Bábí-Bahá'í calendar, a treatise on Bahá'í inheritance laws (Fāżel Māzandarāni, IV pp. 1, 214), and his account on the event of the passing of Bahá'u'lláh (Nabil Zarandi, Maṯnawi-e Nabil Zarandi, Langenhain, 1995, pp. 67-108). But Nabil's most celebrated work is Maṭāleʿ al-anwār, an extensive historical narrative of the Bábí faith, written in Akka in 1888-90, which was edited and translated into English by Shoghi Effendi as The Dawn-Breakers. The work was first published in the United States in 1932. ["Nabil-e aʿzam Zaranadi, Mollā Mohammad," by Vahid Rafati, Encyclopædia Iranica; DB434-435] |
Nabil-i-Azam; Suicide; - Apostles of Bahá'u'lláh; Births and deaths; Cemeteries and graves; In Memoriam; Akka, Israel; Zarand, Iran; Sava, Iran; Baghdad, Iraq; Karbala, Iraq; Cairo, Egypt; Edirne, Turkey; Turkey | |
1892 5 Jul 189- |
The passing of Hand of the Cause of God Nabil-i-Akbar Áqá Muhammed-i-Qá'iní. He was born in Naw-Firist, Persia (Iran) on 29 March 1829. [Bahá'í Encyclopedia Project; MoFp1]
|
Nabil-i-Akbar (Aqa Muhammed-i-Qaini); In Memoriam; - Hands of the Cause; Hands of the Cause, Births and deaths; Births and deaths; Hands of the Cause, Activities; Lawh-i-Hikmat (Tablet of Wisdom); * Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; - Apostles of Bahá'u'lláh; Hands of the Cause, referred to as such by `Abdu'l-Bahá; Bukhara, Uzbekistan; Uzbekistan; Naw-Firist, Iran; Iran | |
1892 Summer 189- |
Áqá Murtadá of Sarvistán, who had been in prison for five years, was executed in Shíráz. [BW18:384] | Persecution, Iran; - Persecution, Deaths; Aqa Murtada; Sarvestan, Iran; Shíráz, Iran; Iran | |
1892 (Summer) 189- |
Anton Haddad arrived in New York from Cairo via Alexandria. He, with Ibrahim Kheiralla, had planned to market Kheiralla's patented invention, a ticket with space for advertising, in time for the World's Columbian Exposition. Kheiralla would following him after an unsuccessful attempt to sell another invention in Russia and then in Germany.
Anton Haddad was the first Bahá'í to arrive in the New World. [BFA1p26] |
Anton Haddad; New York City, NY | the first Bahá'í to arrive in the New World. |
1892 summer 189- |
`Abdu'l-Bahá went to Haifa and Mount Carmel and isolated Himself in a small apartment in the stone building west of the lower cave of Elijah. [DH59, 188] | * `Abdu'l-Bahá (chronology); Cave of Elijah; Elijah (Prophet); Mount Carmel; Haifa, Israel | |
1892 (In the year) 189- |
Soon after the ascension of Bahá'u'lláh the Covenant-breakers led by Mírzá Muhammad-'Alí, on the pretext that he had been unfaithful to Bahá'u'áh, plotted to murder Mírzá 'Aqá Ján. Their real motive however, was to gain control of his property. Mírzá 'Aqá Ján, upon hearing of the plot, went to 'Abdu'l-Bahá, begged for forgiveness for his misdeeds and took refuge in His house. [CoB184] | Mírzá Aqa Jan (Khadimu'lláh); Mírzá Muhammad Ali; Covenant-breakers; Akka, Israel | |
1892 19 Jun 189- |
Anton Haddad departed Cairo en route to the United States. [An Outline of the Bahá'í Movement in the United States: A sketch of its promulgator [Ibrahim Kheiralla] and why afterwards denied his Master, Abbas Effendi by Anton Haddad]
|
Anton Haddad; Ibrahim George Kheiralla; Cairo, Egypt; Egypt; USA; North America; Ayn-Zhalta, Lebanon; Lebanon | first Baha'i to reach North America |
1892 16 Jun 189- |
`Abdu'l-Bahá sent a message to the Bahá'ís of the world calling for steadfastness. [AB48–9; DH113]
|
* `Abdu'l-Bahá, Writings and talks of; * `Abdu'l-Bahá (chronology); Bahá'u'lláh, Ascension of; - Bahá'í World Centre | First message of `Abdu'l-Bahá |
1892 7 Jun 189- |
On the ninth day after Bahá'u'lláh's passing the Will and Testament of Bahá'u'lláh, the Kitáb-i-`Ahd (The Crimson Book) was read at Bahjí before a large assembly in His Most Holy Tomb. [AB51–2; BBD132; CB150; DH113; GPB238; RB4:419–20, BKG420-425]
|
Kitáb-i-Ahd (Book of the Covenant); Bahá'u'lláh, Will and Testament of; * Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; Bahá'u'lláh, Shrine of; Bahá'u'lláh, Ascension of; - Basic timeline, Condensed; - Basic timeline, Expanded; * `Abdu'l-Bahá, Basic timeline; * `Abdu'l-Bahá (chronology); Covenant; Crimson Book; Crimson; Bahji, Israel | |
1892 (In the year) 189- |
`Abdu'l-Bahá rented the house now known as the Pilgrim House (or the "Tea House") at Bahjí from its Christian owner Iskandar Hawwá', the husband of `Údí Khammár's daughter Haní. [DH114, 226] | * `Abdu'l-Bahá (chronology); Pilgrim Houses; Pilgrim house, Bahji; Tea House; Udi Khammar; - Bahá'í World Centre buildings, monuments and gardens; - Bahá'í World Centre; Bahji, Israel | |
1892 (After the ascension of Bahá'u'lláh) 189- |
`Abdu'l-Bahá asked Nabíl-i-Azam to choose a number of passages from the writings of Bahá'u'lláh to be used as a tablet of visitation. Nabil selected four passages and composed the text which is known as the Ziārat-nāma. This Tablet is also used at observances commemorating the Martyrdom of the Báb. [BBD234; BKG427; GPB222; RB4:419, "Nabil-e aʿzam Zaranadi, Mollā Mohammad," by Vahid Rafati, Encyclopædia Iranica]
|
Nabil-i-Azam; Tablets of Visitation; Bahji, Israel | |
1892 29 May 189- |
At the time of His passing Bahá'u'lláh left approximately 50,000 believers scattered in Iran and other Middle Eastern countries (ʿAbd-al-Bahāʾ, Majmūʿa-ye makātīb, Tehran, 1975, no. 13, photocopied ms., p. 3)". [BAHAISM v. The Bahai Community in Iran by V. Rafati]
|
Statistics; Azerbaijan | |
1892 29 May 189- |
Shoghi Effendi in his book God Passes By describes Bahà'u'lláh's life in terms of four phases.
Part 2: From 1844 to 1853, a period "of active and exemplary discipleship" in the service of the Báb. Part 3: The four month period of Bahà'u'lláh's imprisonment in the Síyáh Chál in 1853 "overshadowed throughout by mortal peril, embittered by agonizing sorrows, and immortalized, as it drew to a close, by the sudden eruption of the forces released by an overpowering, soul-revolutionizing Revelation." Part 4: Bahà'u'lláh's thirty-year ministry from 1853 through to 1892, during which, as He endured three exiles, His afflictions intensified as the orb of His revelation rose to its zenith. He withstood the opposition of potentates, clergy, the corruption of officials, the cowardice and betrayal of His brother and others. All the while this contrasted sharply to the dignity, the courage and the uprightness that characterized His conduct. [GBP107] |
* Bahaullah (chronology); - Basic timeline, Expanded; * Bahá'u'lláh, Basic timeline | |
1892 29 May 189- |
The Ascension of Bahá'u'lláh   Bahá'u'lláh passed away at Bahjí in His seventy–fifth year. [AB47; BBRXXIX, 233; BKG420; CB148; GPB221; RB4:411] "The news of His ascension was instantly communicated to Sultán 'Abdu'l-Hamíd by 'Abdu'l-Bahá in a telegram which began with the words "the Sun of Bahá has set". [GPB222; AB47; BKG420] "Say: Let not your hearts be perturbed, O people, when the glory of My Presence is withdrawn, and the ocean of My utterance is stilled. In My presence amongst you there is a wisdom, and in My absence there is yet another, inscrutable to all but God, the Incomparable, the All-Knowing. Verily, We behold you from Our realm of glory, and shall aid whosoever will arise for the triumph of Our Cause with the hosts of the Concourse on high and a company of Our favoured angels." "Be not dismayed, O peoples of the world, when the day-star of My beauty is set, and the heaven of My tabernacle is concealed from your eyes. Arise to further My Cause, and to exalt My Word amongst men. We are with you at all times, and shall strengthen you through the power of truth. We are truly almighty. Whoso hath recognized Me will arise and serve Me with such determination that the powers of earth and heaven shall be unable to defeat his purpose." [GWB137]
|
Bahá'u'lláh, Ascension of; * Bahaullah (chronology); Holy days; Sultán `Abdu'l-Hamid; Covenant-breakers; Covenant; Qiblih; - Basic timeline, Condensed; - Basic timeline, Expanded; * Bahá'u'lláh, Basic timeline; * `Abdu'l-Bahá, Basic timeline; * `Abdu'l-Bahá (chronology); In Memoriam; Births and deaths; Box with writings; Boxes; Seals; Obligatory prayer; - Missing, lost or destroyed Writings; Bahji, Israel | |
1877 - 1892 189- |
See Bibliography for the Tablets of Baha'u'llah: List of citations and resources for Tablets revealed 1877-1892 compiled by Jonah Winters.
|
* Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of | |
1892 c. 24 May 189- |
Bahá'u'lláh called all the believers and many pilgrims to His bedside for their last audience with Him. [GPB222] | House of Bahá'u'lláh (Bahji); Bahá'u'lláh, Ascension of; Pilgrims; Bahji, Israel | |
1892 8 May 189- |
Bahá'u'lláh contracted a slight fever. [GPB221]
|
House of Bahá'u'lláh (Bahji); * Bahaullah (chronology); Bahá'u'lláh, Ascension of; Bahji, Israel | |
1892 Prior to the passing of Bahá'u´lláh 189- |
During the lifetime of Bahá'u'lláh Muhammad Ali made two trips to India for seditious purposes. With the help of Nazir, he plotted to prepare the way to become the leader of the Cause after the departure of Bahá'u'lláh. Bahá'u'lláh was well aware of these plans as is testified by many Tablets especially by the Revelation of the Book of His Covenant prior to His ascension. In this book, He clearly appointed 'Abdu'l-Bahá as the One to whom all, including the Branches, were to turn for light and guidance. [SUR247] | Mírzá Muhammad Ali; Covenant-breakers; Nazir; Akka, Israel | |
1892 (About 2 mos before 29 May) 189- |
Close to the end of His life Bahá'u'lláh became displeased with Mírzá Àqá Ján and dismissed him from His service. He had served as His servant, with the title of Khádim (Servant) and later Khádimu'lláh (Servant of God) as well as His amanuensis and companion for almost forty years [CoB182; MBBA71] | Mírzá Aqa Jan (Khadimu'lláh); Covenant-breakers; Akka, Israel | |
1892 (In the year) 189- |
Mu'tuminu's-Saltanih was poisoned in Tihrán on the orders of Násiri'd-Dín Sháh. [BW18:384] | Mutuminus-Saltanih; Nasirid-Din Sháh; Assassinations; Tehran, Iran; Iran | |
1891 3 Oct 189- |
Mullá Muhammad-`Alíy-i-Dihábádí was martyred, one of the Seven Martyrs of Yazd who were killed at the hands of Jalálu'd-Dawlih and Zillu's-Sultan. [BW18:384] | Mullá Muhammad-`Alíy-i-Dihabadi; Jalalud-Dawlih; Zillus-Sultan; Seven martyrs of Yazd; Seven martyrs of Hurmuzak; Yazd upheaval; Persecution, Iran; - Persecution, Deaths; - Persecution; Yazd, Iran; Iran | |
1891 Jul-Aug 189- |
Members of the Afnán family met Bahá'u'lláh in Haifa during His visit. [BKG374, 406]
|
Afnan; * Bahaullah (chronology); Haifa, Israel | |
1891 27 Jun 189- |
Bahá'u'lláh visited Haifa for the fourth time. [BKG374; DH109; GPB194; RB4:351]
|
Zikrullah Khadem; Báb, Shrine of; Carmelite monastery, Israel; Cave of Elijah; Elijah (Prophet); Lawh-i-Karmil (Tablet of Carmel); Charters of the Bahá'í Faith; * Mashriqu'l-Adhkár (House of Worship); Mashriqu'l-Adhkár, Haifa; House of Ilyas Abyad; Templer Society (German Templer colony); - Bahá'í World Centre buildings, monuments and gardens; - Bahá'í World Centre; * Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; * Bahaullah (chronology); * Bahá'u'lláh, Basic timeline; - Basic timeline, Expanded; - Bahá'í World Centre; Haifa, Israel; Mount Carmel | |
1891 Apr c. 189- |
Two believers were arrested during the same period of intense persecution. Hájí Amín was sent to the prison of Qazvín, and Hand of the Cause Ibn-i-Abhar was consigned for four years in Tíhran, in which he bore the same chains as Bahá'u'lláh did, during the Latter's imprisonment in 1852. [Essay by Mehdi Wolf] | Hájí Amin (Abu'l-Hasan-i-Ardikani); Ibn-i-Abhar (Mulla Muhammad Taqi); - Hands of the Cause; Chains; Imprisonments; Qazvin, Iran; Tehran, Iran; Iran | |
1891 after 19 May 189- |
Bahá'u'lláh revealed the Lawh-i-Times, Tablet to the Times in which He recounted the circumstances of the martyrdoms in Yazd. [RB4:348–50, BW18p976-7] | Bahji, Israel; Times (newspaper); Newspapers; Press (media); Media (communication); Lawh-i-Times (Tablet to the Times); * Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; * Bahaullah (chronology); Persecution, Iran; - Persecution, Deaths; - Persecution; Seven martyrs of Yazd; Seven martyrs of Hurmuzak; Yazd upheaval; * Bahá'u'lláh, Basic timeline; - Basic timeline, Expanded; Akka, Israel; London, England; United Kingdom; Yazd, Iran; Iran | |
1891 19 May 189- |
The execution of the Seven Martyrs of Yazd. [BBRXXIX, BW18:384]
Seven Bahá'ís were executed on the order of the governor of Yazd, Husain Mírzá, Jalálu'd-Dín-Dawlih (the grandson of the shah and the son of Zillu's-Sultán) and at the instigation of the mujtahid, Shaykh Hasan-i-Sabzivárí. [BW18p384]
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Jalalud-Din-Dawlih; Shaykh Hasan-i-Sabzivari; Seven martyrs of Yazd; Seven martyrs of Hurmuzak; Yazd upheaval; Persecution, Iran; - Persecution, Deaths; - Persecution; Zillus-Sultan; Hájí Sayyah; - Sháh; Lawh-i-Dunya (Tablet of the World); Yazd, Iran; Iran | |
1891 15 Feb 189- |
First public lecture in the West on the Bahá'í Faith was given by E. G. Browne at the Southplace Institute, London.
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Edward Granville Browne; Southplace Institute, London; Firsts, other; London, England; United Kingdom | First public lecture in West on Bahá'í Faith |
1891 (In the year) 189- |
Mirzá Adu'l-Fadl-i-Gulpáygání visited Kashgar during his trip to Central Asia. [Video Early history of the Bahá'í Faith in China 2min56sec] | China; Kashgar, China | |
1891 (In the year) 189- |
Bishárát (Glad-Tidings) is considered one of the major writings of Bahá'u'lláh. [Bahá'u'lláh's Bishárát (Glad-Tidings):
A Proclamation to Scholars and Statesmen by Christopher Buck and Youli A. Ioannesyan]
The Tablet of Glad-Tidings is a selective compendium of Bahaullah's laws and principles, sequentially presented in a series of 15 Glad-Tidings. As the Arabic term Bisharat suggests, these Glad-Tidings were a public announcement of some of the essential teachings of the new Bahá'í religion. The Glad-Tidings is the most extensive of several tablets by Bahá'u'lláh that present key teachings in a numbered structure. The Glad-Tidings may, in part, be regarded as serially articulated world reforms intermixed with religious reforms emanating from Bahá'u'lláh in his professed role as World Reformer. The Glad-Tidings also functioned analogously (albeit anachronistically) to a press release, serving not only as a public proclamation but to rectify the inaccuracies and gross misrepresentations that had previously circulated in print. Intended for widespread translation and publication, the Glad-Tidings was sent to scholars notably Russian orientalist, Baron Viktor Rosen (1849-1908) and Cambridge orientalist, Edward Granville Browne (1862-1926) and possibly pre-revolutionary Russian statesmen as well. As a Proclamatory Aqdas, the Tablet of Glad-Tidings was part of a much broader proclamation by Bahaullah, who proclaimed his mission to the political and religious leaders of the world. |
* Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; Bisharat; Glad Tidings; Baron Rosen; Edward Granville Browne | |
1891 (In the year) 189- |
Tablet of Visitation for Imám Husayn was revealed by Bahá'u'lláh. It was originally revealed as "Lawh-i-Zíyárat-Namih-i-Imám Husayn".
|
Lawh-i-Ziyarat-Namih-i-Imam Husayn (Tablet of Visitation for Imam Husayn) | |
1891 (In the year) 189- |
A Traveller's Narrative was published in two volumes by the Cambridge University Press. [BBD226; EGB55] It is an historical account written by 'Abdu'l-Bahá around 1886 and first published anonymously in Persian in 1890. This English translation was prepared by Professor Edward G. Browne. |
Travelers Narrative (book); * Publications; - First publications; Cambridge, England; United Kingdom | |
1891 (In the year) 189- |
Bahá'u'lláh revealed the Kitáb-i-`Ahd. [BBD32; CB142; GPB236–40, BKG420–5; RB4:419–20]
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Kitáb-i-Ahd (Book of the Covenant); Bahá'u'lláh, Will and Testament of; Crimson Book; Covenant; * Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; * Bahaullah (chronology); * Bahá'u'lláh, Basic timeline; * `Abdu'l-Bahá (chronology); Bahji, Israel; - Basic timeline, Expanded; Akka, Israel | |
1891 (In the first half of the year) 189- |
Bahá'u'lláh revealed Epistle to the Son of the Wolf addressed to Shaykh Muhammad-Taqíy-i-Najafí (Shaykh Najafí), a powerful Shi'a-Muslim priest of Isfahan, the son of Shaykh Muhammad-Báqir. [BBD78, 164; BKG382; RB4:368]
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Lawh-i-Ibn-i-Dhib (Epistle to the Son of the Wolf); Aqa Najafi (Son of the Wolf); Shaykh Muhammad-Taqiy-i-Najafi (Shaykh Najafi); Lawh-i-Times (Tablet to the Times); * Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; * Bahaullah (chronology); * Bahá'u'lláh, Basic timeline; - Basic timeline, Expanded; Bahji, Israel; Yazd, Iran; Iran | |
1891 (In the year) 189- |
In Bombay, on the instructions of Bahá'u'lláh, the Kitáb-i-Aqdas was published for the first time. [SA250]
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Kitáb-i-Aqdas (Most Holy Book); Publishing; * Publications; - First publications; * Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; * Bahaullah (chronology); Mumbai, India; India | First publication of The Kitáb-i-Aqdas in Bombay |
1890 Nov 189- |
Nabíl presented his chronicle, The Dawn-Breakers, to Bahá'u'lláh and `Abdu'l-Bahá for approval. [DBXXXVII] | Nabil-i-Azam; Dawn-Breakers (book); Akka, Israel | |
1890 Aug-Sep 189- |
Mullá Hasan and his two brothers were arrested and beaten in Sarcháh, Bírjand. [BW18:383] | Persecution, Iran; - Persecution, Arrests; - Persecution; Bírjand, Iran; Iran | |
1890 15–20 Apr 189- |
E. G. Browne was granted four successive interviews with Bahá'u'lláh at Bahjí. [BBD43; BBR225; BKG371; GPB193]
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Edward Granville Browne; * Bahaullah (chronology); Bahá'u'lláh, Pen portraits of; Pen portraits; Portraits; Travelers Narrative (book); Zaynul-Muqarrabin (Mulla Zaynul-Abidin); Bahji, Israel; Junayn gardens; Akka, Israel | |
1890 1 Apr 189- |
Bahá'u'lláh visited Haifa for a third time. He spent about two weeks there on this visit. [BBD94; BPP173; DH109; GPB194; RB4:351]
|
Templer Society (German Templer colony); * Bahaullah (chronology); Oliphant House; Bayt-i-Zahlan; Tents; Haifa, Israel | |
1890 Mar 189- |
Násiri'd-Dín Sháh entered into contract of 50 years duration with British interests that would provide him with an annual payment plus 25% of the profits for the production and sale of tobacco. Prior to this, in the 1870s and 1880s the country's telegraph and mail systems, its fisheries, and many of its mines were sold to Western, mostly British, interests.
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Tobacco Revolt; Nasirid-Din Sháh; Iran, General history; History (general); Smoking (tobacco); Risaliy-i-Siyasiyyih (Treatise on Leadership); Colonialism and imperialism; Iran | |
1890 25 Feb 189- |
Seven Bahá'ís from Sidih who had gone to Tihrán to petition the Sháh for protection, secured a decree from him permitting them to return home. When they try to enter Sidih they were killed. [BBRXXIX, 285–9; BW18:383] | Persecution, Iran; - Persecution, Deaths; - Persecution; Petitions; Sidih, Iran; Tehran, Iran; Iran | |
1890 (In the year) 189- |
A number of people of the Jewish, Zoroastrian and Buddhist Faiths became Bahá'ís. [BBR248–9; GPB195] | - Judaism; Jews; - Zoroastrianism; - Buddhism; Conversion; Interfaith dialogue | |
1890 c. 189- |
E. G. Browne was in `Akká. Bahá'u'lláh was staying in the Templer colony in Haifa when he arrived. [BBR253] | Edward Granville Browne; Templer Society (German Templer colony); * Bahaullah (chronology); Akka, Israel; Haifa, Israel | |
1890 c. 189- |
Ibrahim George Kheiralla (Khayru'lláh) became a Bahá'í in Cairo under the tutelage of `Abdu'l-Karím-i-Tihrání. [BFA1:19]
|
Ibrahim George Kheiralla; First believers by background; - Christianity; Conversion; Interfaith dialogue; Cairo, Egypt; Egypt | first Bahá'í from Syrian Christian background |
1890 (In the year) 189- |
Hájí Ákhúnd, Hájí Amín and Ibn-i-Abhar were arrested. Hájí Ákhúnd was imprisoned in Tihrán for two years; Hájí Amín was imprisoned in Qazvín for two years; and Ibn-i-Abhar was imprisoned in Tihrán for four years. [BW18:383–4]
Mírzá Mahmúd-i-Furúghí was arrested in Furúghí and sent to Mashhad. From there he was sent to Kalát-i-Nadírí where he was imprisoned for two years. [BW18:384] In Mashhad a mob set out to kill Mírzá Husayn-i-Bajistání, but failing to find him they looted his shop. [BW18:384] |
Hájí Ákhúnd (Mullá `Alí-Akbar-i-Shahmírzádí); Hájí Amin (Abu'l-Hasan-i-Ardikani); Ibn-i-Abhar (Mulla Muhammad Taqi); Mírzá Mahmud-i-Furughi; Mírzá Husayn-i-Bajistani; Persecution, Iran; - Persecution, Mobs; - Persecution; Tehran, Iran; Qazvin, Iran; Kalat-i-Nadiri, Iran; Mashhad, Iran; Iran | |
1890 (In the year) 189- |
By 1890 about a thousand Bahá'ís had settled in `Ishqábád. [BBRSM91, SDOH99] | Statistics; Ashgabat; Turkmenistan | |
1889 19 Nov 188- |
Birth of General Shu`á`u'lláh `Alá'í, Hand of the Cause of God, in Tihrán. | Shuaullah Alai; - Hands of the Cause; Hands of the Cause, Births and deaths; Births and deaths; Tehran, Iran; Iran | |
1889 8 Sep 188- |
Hájí Muhammad Ridáy-i-Isfahání was martyred in `Ishqábád. He had been on of the most prominent Bahá'ís and acted as the agent for the Afnan family Ishqabad. The murder had been orchestrated by the clergy who had brought ruffians from Khurasan for this purpose. They were bold, thinking that they were acting with impunity because the victim was a Bahá'í but the authorities intervened and arrested nine of the perpetrators. Some 70 fled to Iran. The plan had been to incite a general attack on the Bahá'í community.
[BBRXXIX, 296–7; GPB202; The Baha'i Community Of Ashkhabad; Its Social Basis And Importance In Baha'i History by Mojan Momen p283; The Memoirs of Shamsi Sedaghat p27]
"In the city of 'Ishqábád the newly established Shí'ah community, envious of the rising prestige of the followers of Bahá'u'lláh who were living in their midst, instigated two ruffians to assault the seventy-year old Hájí Muhammad-Ridáy-i-Isfáhání, whom, in broad day and in the midst of the bazaar, they stabbed in no less than thirty-two places, exposing his liver, lacerating his stomach and tearing open his breast. A military court dispatched by the Czar to 'Ishqábád established, after prolonged investigation, the guilt of the Shí'ahs, sentencing two to death and banishing six others - a sentence which neither Násir'd-Dín Sháh, nor the 'ulamás of Tihrán, of Mashad and of Tabríz, who were appealed to, could mitigate, but which the representatives of the aggrieved community, through their magnanimous intercession which greatly surprised the Russian authorities, succeeded in having commuted to a lighter punishment." [GPB202-203] |
Hájí Muhammad Riday-i-Isfahani; Czar Alexander III; Mírzá Abu'l-Fadl Gulpaygani; Firsts, other; Persecution, Turkmenistan; - Persecution, Deaths; - Persecution, Court cases; Court cases; - Persecution; Human Rights; Ashgabat; Turkmenistan | First time Shí'ís received judicial punishment for attack on Bahá'ís |
1889 19 Aug 188- |
Baron Julius de Reuter, a British-German financier with a history of financial agreements in Persia, secured a concession from the Persian government. This concession allowed him to establish the Imperial Bank of Persia. The bank was the first modern bank in Iran and introduced European banking ideas to a country in which they were previously unknown. The concession gave him exclusive rights to issue banknotes, manage the state's revenues, and establish branches in various Iranian cities.
The bank was given the authority to handle customs duties and foreign trade, which were significant sources of revenue for the Persian government. The bank was also responsible for managing the government's foreign debts and helping Iran to raise capital in international markets.
As usury was forbidden under Islam, the traditional money lenders in Iran were the Jewish sarrafs, who continued to dominate the field after the establishment of the Imperial Bank due to greater loan flexibility and cultural ties. At the time the only form of money in circulation was gold and silver coins. In 1890 a similar Russian bank known as the Loan and Discount Bank of Persia was founded. The Anglo-Russian Convention of 1907 split Iran into a Russian and British sphere of influence. It assigned to the Russian Loan and Discount Bank the revenues from the amortization of Persian debts in northern Iran, and the same for the British Imperial Bank in southern Iran. Bank Melli, an Iranian-controlled central bank, was established in 1928. [Colonialism, Nationalism and Jewish Immigration to Palestine: Abdu'l-Baha's Viewpoints Regarding the Middle East by Kamran Ekbal p3; Wikipedia] |
Colonialism and imperialism; History (general); Iran, General history; Iran | |
1889 Aug 188- |
Bahá'ís of Sidih and Najafábád, after having received no help or protection, went to Tihrán to petition the Sháh. [BW18:383] | Persecution, Iran; - Persecution, Other; - Persecution; Petitions; Tehran, Iran; Sidih, Iran; Najaf, Iranabad, Iran; Iran | |
1889 18 Jul 188- |
The Bahá'ís were persuaded to leave the Telegraph Office in Isfahán after being assured that they would receive protection in their villages. [BW18:383] | Persecution, Iran; - Persecution, Other; - Persecution; Isfahan, Iran; Iran | |
1889 17 Jul 188- |
Upheaval in Najafábád: Áqá Najafí, the `Son of the Wolf', drove over a hundred Bahá'ís out of Sidih and Najafábád. They took sanctuary in the Telegraph Office and in the stables of the governor of Isfahán.
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Aqa Najafi (Son of the Wolf); Najafabad upheaval; - Upheavals; Najaf, Iranabad, Iran; Sidih, Iran; Isfahan, Iran; Iran | |
1889 Jun 188- |
Áqá Najafí, the `Son of the Wolf', initiated a campaign against the Bahá'ís in Isfahán, Sidih and Najafábád. [BW18:383] | Aqa Najafi (Son of the Wolf); Isfahan, Iran; Sidih, Iran; Najaf, Iranabad, Iran; Iran | |
1889 Jun 188- |
E. G. Browne gave a paper on the Bahá'í Faith (`Bábism') at the Royal Asiatic Society, London. | Edward Granville Browne; Royal Asiatic Society; London, England; United Kingdom | |
1889 (In the year) 188- |
The publication of La religion de Bab, réformateur persan du XIXe siècle by M Clément Huart in Paris The book can be downloaded at no charge from here. | M Clément Huart; Publication; Paris, France; France | |
1889 (In the year) 188- |
The passing of Hand of the Cause Mullá Sádiq Maqaddas Khurásáni also known by the designation Jináb-i-Ismu'lláhu'l-Asdaq.
[MoF5-8; LoF32-41; EB7-23]
Note that The Bahá'í Encyclopedia Project dates his passing 1874-1875. |
In Memoriam; Ismullahul-Asdaq (Mulla Sadiq Khurasani); - Hands of the Cause; Hands of the Cause, referred to as such by `Abdu'l-Bahá; Hamadán, Iran; Iran | |
1888 23 Oct 188- |
The martyrdom of Mírzá Ashraf of Ábádih in Isfahán. He was hanged, his body burnt and left hanging in the market. Later his body was buried beneath a wall. [BBRXXIX, 277–80; BW18:383; GPB201] | Persecution, Iran; - Persecution, Deaths; - Persecution; Isfahan, Iran; Iran | |
1888 Jul 188- |
Nabíl began his chronicle, The Dawn-Breakers: Nabíl's Narrative of the Early Days of the Bahá'í Revelation. [DBXXXVII] | Nabil-i-Azam; Dawn-Breakers (book); Akka, Israel | |
1888 c. Jul-Aug 188- |
Two Bahá'ís were arrested in Sarvistán, Fárs, and were sent to Shíráz, where one was imprisoned. [BW18:383] | Persecution, Iran; - Persecution, Arrests; - Persecution; Sarvestan, Iran; Fars, Iran; Shíráz, Iran; Iran | |
1888 29 Mar 188- |
The first lecture in the West on the Bahá'í Faith (`Bábism') was given by E. G. Browne at the Essay Society, Newcastle, England. [SCU12] | Edward Granville Browne; Firsts, other; Newcastle-upon-Tyne, England; United Kingdom | First lecture in West on Bahá'í Faith |
1888 (In the year) 188- |
Jamál Effendi, accompanied by Hájí Faraju'lláh-i-Tafrishí, embarked on a long journey to the East visiting Burma, Java (Indonesia), Siam (Thailand), Singapore, Kashmir, Tibet, Yarqand, Khuqand in Chinese Turkistan, and Afghanistan. [EB123–4; PH22] | Jamal Effendi; Hájí Farajullah-i-Tafrishi; Myanmar; Java; Indonesia; Thailand; Singapore; Kashmir; India; Tibet; Yarqand, China; Khuqand, Uzbekistan; Turkestan; China; Afghanistan | |
1887 – 1888 188- |
E. G. Browne, the noted Orientalist, spent 12 months in Persia. An important purpose of his journey was to contact the Bábís. [BBR29]
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Edward Granville Browne; Mírzá Yahya (Subh-i-Azal); Covenant-breakers; Hájí Mírzá Jani; Iran; United Kingdom | |
1887 27 Oct 188- |
"When Bahá'u'lláh revealed the Kitáb-i-Aqdas He withheld the publication of certain laws. These included the text of the Obligatory Prayers. In one of His Tablets Bahá'u'lláh orders His amanuensis, Mírzá Áqá Ján, to send a copy of the Obligatory Prayers to Persia as a favour to Mullá 'Alí-Akbar who had asked for them. He confirms that the Obligatory Prayers had been revealed a few years earlier." [RoB4p299-300]
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Obligatory prayer; Hájí Ákhúnd (Mullá `Alí-Akbar-i-Shahmírzádí); Laws; Kitáb-i-Aqdas (Most Holy Book); - Gradual implementation of laws; * Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; Akka, Israel; Iran | |
1887 26 Jul 188- |
Leyzer (Eliezer) Levi Zamenhof published, in Russian, La Unua Libro, (The First Book) of his fully-formed manual of the Esperanto language, signing it "Doktoro Esperanto", the nom de plume of its creator. By way of explanation, the word "esperanto", in Esperanto, means "One who hopes".
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Leyzer (Eliezer) Levi Zamenhof; Zamenof; Lidia Zamenhof; Esperanto; Warsaw, Poland; Poland | |
1887 13 Apr 188- |
The first mention of the concept of `Hand of the Cause' in Bahá'u'lláh's writings is within a Tablet revealed in honour of Ibn-i-Asdaq. [BBD115; EB173] | Ibn-i-Asdaq (Mírzá `Alí-Muhammad); - Hands of the Cause; - Hands of the Cause, Institution; Hands of the Cause, Appointments; Hands appointed by Bahá'u'lláh; Firsts, other; * Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; * Bahaullah (chronology); Appointed arm | First mention of concept of `Hand of the Cause' |
1887 (In the year) 188- |
Karbalá'í Hasan Khán and Karbalá'í Sádiq were arrested in Sarvistán, Fárs, and imprisoned for two years before being killed in prison. [BW18:383] | Persecution, Iran; - Persecution, Arrests; - Persecution, Deaths; - Persecution; Sarvestan, Iran; Fars, Iran; Iran | |
1887 Date uncertain 188- |
Husayn, the young son of Àbdu'l-Bahá and Munírih Khánum died in Akka at the age of three or four. In speaking with Lady Blomfield she said that five of her children died in Akka. [SoG 85; SUR235] She said that when Husayn passed away, Bahá'u'lláh wrote the following:
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`Abdu'l-Bahá, Family of; Akka, Israel; Israel; Palestine | |
1887 (In the year) 188- |
Mírzá Músá, Áqáy-i-Kalím, Apostle of Bahá'u'lláh, the faithful brother of Bahá'u'lláh, passed away in `Akká. [BBD166; BKG369; DH57]
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Mírzá Musa (Aqay-i-Kalim); - Apostles of Bahá'u'lláh; Births and deaths; Cemeteries and graves; In Memoriam; Akka, Israel | |
1886 14 Sep 188- |
Mishkín-Qalam, who had been living in Larnica, left Cyprus on a Syrian vessel going direct to `Akká. [BBR311, FOI24] | Mishkin-Qalam; Larnaca, Cyprus; Cyprus; Akka, Israel | |
1886 (In the year) 188- |
The passing of the wife of Bahá'u'lláh, Ásíyih Khánum, entitled Navváb (the Most Exalted Leaf) in the House of `Abbúd. [BBD170; BKG369; DH57, 213]
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Navvab (Asiyih Khanum); Muhammad-Yusuf Páshá; House of Abbud; In Memoriam; Births and deaths; Cemeteries and graves; * `Abdu'l-Bahá (chronology); Akka, Israel | |
1886 (In the year) 188- |
`Abdu'l-Bahá wrote A Traveller's Narrative. [TN40]
|
Travelers Narrative (book); * `Abdu'l-Bahá (chronology); * `Abdu'l-Bahá, Writings and talks of; * `Abdu'l-Bahá, Basic timeline; - Basic timeline, Expanded; - Historical overviews by Central Figures or BWC; Akka, Israel | |
1886 (In the year) 188- |
Birth of Narayanrao Rangnath Vakil, the first Hindu to become a Bahá'í in Surat, Gujarat, India. | Narayanrao Rangnath Vakil; Births and deaths; First believers by background; Conversion; - Hinduism; Interfaith dialogue; Surat, India; Gujarat, India; India | first Hindu to become a Bahá'í. |
1886 In the year 188- |
Birth of Músá Banání, Hand of the Cause of God, in Baghdád. [BW15p421–423] | Musa Banani; - Hands of the Cause; Hands of the Cause, Births and deaths; Births and deaths; Baghdad, Iraq; Iraq | |
1885 29 Oct 188- |
Bahá'u'lláh revealed the Tablet of Ishraqát for Jalil-i-Khu'i on the Most Great Infallibility.
Included in the Tablet of Ishraqát is a quotation from a Tablet Bahá'u'lláh had earlier revealed in honour of Haji Muhammad-Ibrahim concerning some of the Islamic prophecies about the Day of God. He explains to Jalil-i-Khu'i that These are verses We sent down previously, and We have sent them unto thee, that thou mayest be acquainted with what their lying tongues have spoken, when God came unto them with might and sovereignty.[TB117-120] The passage on Trustworthiness in the Tablet of Ishraqát is also found in the Tablet of Tarazat and in a Tablet addressed to Haji Mirza Buzurg-i-Afnan (and perhaps in other Tablets as well). [TBp121-122] This is the passage in which Bahá'u'lláh states: One day of days We repaired unto Our Green Island. In a Tablet addressed to Haji Amin, Bahá'u'lláh indicates that a "Tablet of Trustworthiness" had been revealed in A.H. 1296 (around 1879). [RoB4p16-17] The date of the revelation of the Tablet of Tarazat was Dhi'l-Hajjih 1305 (approximately 1888). - Bahá'u'lláh responds to Jalil-i-Khu'i's question concerning "interest and profit on gold and silver" by quoting from a Tablet that had been previously revealed in honour of Zaynu'l-Muqarrabin.[TB132-133] In a commentary on the Tablet written on behalf of the Universal House of Justice it was written, "We have not, so far, been able to determine the date on which this Tablet was revealed." [Ishraqát, Tablet of, Date of Revelation] |
* Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; Akka, Israel | |
1885 27 Mar 1885 188- |
Martyrdom of Mullá `Alíy-i-Námiqí in Námiq, Turbat-i-Haydarí, Khurásán. [BW18:383] | Persecution, Iran; - Persecution, Arrests; - Persecution; Námiq, Iran; Turbat-i-Haydari, Iran; Khurásán, Iran; Iran | |
1884 (In the year) 188- |
Birth of Valíyu'lláh Varqá, Hand of the Cause of God, in Tabríz. [BW18:381-834] | Varqa, Valiyullah; - Hands of the Cause; Hands of the Cause, Births and deaths; Births and deaths; Varqa; Tabríz, Iran; Iran | |
1883 Aug 188- |
Bahá'u'lláh travelled to Haifa on the second of four known visits (His first is His brief stop there before travelling to Akká in 1868). This second visit lasted at least three weeks. [BBD94; DH109; GPB194]
For a few days the Mountain of God became the seat of the Temple and this is the Station which had been mentioned in the past Books. The voice of the Spirit (Jesus Christ) had been raised in this place and al the other Prophets have told of this Station. This is the mountain of God.[Journey to the Mountain p17] |
Templer Society (German Templer colony); Bayt-i-Fanduq; * Bahaullah (chronology); Haifa, Israel; Mount Carmel | First visit to Haifa by Bahá'u'lláh |
1883 June 21 188- |
The name Thornton Chase appeared in newspaper coverage of a poem printed in The Grand Army Magazine, June 1883, "Lo! the Ranks are Thinned and Thinning" | Thornton Chase; Newspaper articles; USA | |
1883 15 Apr 188- |
Birth in Goslar, Germany, of Dr Artur Eduard Heinrich Brauns, a prominent German Bahá'í, named by Shoghi Effendi a Disciple of `Abdu'l-Bahá. | Artur Eduard Heinrich Brauns; - Disciples of `Abdu'l-Bahá; Births and deaths; Goslar, Germany; Germany | |
1883 19 Mar 188- |
Sixteen Bahá'í traders of the bazaar were arrested in Rasht; three others are brought from Láhíján. [BW18:383] | Persecution, Iran; - Persecution, Arrests; - Persecution; Rasht, Iran; Láhíján, Iran; Iran | |
1883 (In the year) 188- |
Six Bahá'ís were arrested in Yazd and sent to Isfahán in chains. BW18:383]
Four Bahá'ís were arrested in Sarvistán, Fárs, and sent to Shíráz where they are bastinadoed. [BW18:383] |
Persecution, Iran; - Persecution, Arrests; - Persecution; Yazd, Iran; Isfahan, Iran; Sarvestan, Iran; Fars, Iran; Shíráz, Iran; Iran | |
1882 – 1883 188- |
The Tihrán Upheaval.
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Tihran upheaval; - Upheavals; Persecution, Iran; - Persecution, Arrests; - Persecution; Tehran, Iran; Iran | |
1882 11 Nov 188- |
The passing of Khadíjih-Bagum, the wife of the Báb, in Shíráz in the house of her Husband. [BBD127; EB235; KBWB35; DB191; RoB2p387] Note: KBWB35 states that she passed on the 15th of September, 1882 however MBBA112 suggests 16th of October. She died of dysentery.
|
Khadijih Bagum (wife of the Báb); Servants; In Memoriam; Births and deaths; Cemeteries and graves; Fiddih; Shíráz, Iran; Iran | |
1882 (In the year) 188- |
Bahá'u'lláh's Tablet of Maqsud was revealed following the invasion of Egypt by the French and British forces. In this Tablet He strongly denounced European imperialism and proposed an international peace conference to be attended by the world's major heads of state in response to this situation. | * Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; Lawh-i-Maqsud (Tablet of Maqsud); Colonialism and imperialism; History (general); Egypt; France; United Kingdom | |
1882 11 Jul 188- |
The British navy bombarded Alexandria, beginning or provoking fires that destroyed the city and forced a mass exodus of its population to the interior. In August-September the British invaded the country, restored Khedive Tawfiq to his throne, arrested Urabi, the Muslim modernist Muhammad 'Abduh, and other constitutionalists, and imposed a "veiled protectorate" on the country that differed only in name from direct colonial rule. The official British sources attempted to suggest that they had saved Egypt from a military junta allied to Islamic fanaticism, but more impartial observers have characterized the British invasion as the quashing of a grassroots democratic movement by an imperial power in the service of the European bond market. [BFA15, Wilmette Institute faculty notes] | British history; History (general); Colonialism and imperialism; Alexandria, Egypt; Egypt | |
1876 - 1882 188- |
Egypt had mounting debts and a financial crisis which had been exacerbated by the construction of the Suez Canal and the extravagant spending of Egypt's ruling khedive, Isma'il Pasha. To finance modernization projects and the Canal, he had borrowed extensively from European powers and banks. The debt burden became unsustainable, and Egypt was on the verge of bankruptcy. in 1876 Britain and France, the major creditors, had established a Commission of the Public Debt to oversee Egypt's finances and to ensure repayment.
In 1879 Britain and France agree to take joint control of Egypt's administration, know as "Dual Control" with Britain often controlling the more influential positions. This measure was taken partially our of fear that there would be a complete collapse of Egypt's government and financial system. This imposition dual control faced opposition from many Egyptians who perceived it as foreign interference in their country's affairs. This period contributed to the rise of nationalist sentiments in Egypt and calls for greater Egyptian autonomy and independence from foreign control. Dual control lasted until 1882 when British forces effectively took control of Egypt during the Urabi Revolt, further solidifying British dominance in the country. Egypt was technically still part of the Ottoman Empire at this time, but in reality, it became a British protectorate, leading to a prolonged period of British influence over Egyptian affairs. [Wikipedia] |
Colonialism and imperialism; History (general); Egypt | |
1882 - 1883 188- |
Bahá'í books were published for the first time, in Bombay and Cairo by the Násirí Press. The Bombay publishing house was run by Mírzá Ibrahím (a son of Hájí Abu'l-Qásim, the brother of the wife of the Báb) [GPB195; SA250; Momen-Jamal Effendi] | Publishing; * Publications; - First publications; Business; Mumbai, India; India; Cairo, Egypt; Egypt | First time Bahá'í books published in Bombay and Cairo |
1882 20 Jan 188- |
The Lawh-i-Maqsúd (The Goal, The Desired One) was revealed by Bahá'u'lláh in 'Akká. [MMG131-135; Lawh-i-Maqsúd: Letter from the Universal House of Justice; excerpt from Juan Cole's Modernity and Millennium]
He said in part: Every word of thy poetry is indeed like unto a mirror in which the evidences of the devotion and love thou cherishest for God and His chosen ones are reflected. Well is it with thee who hast quaffed the choice wine of utterance and partaken of the soft flowing stream of true knowledge. Happy is he who hath drunk his fill and attained unto Him and woe betide the heedless. Its perusal hath truly proved highly impressive, for it was indicative of both the light of reunion and the fire of separation.[Compilation on Writers and Writing para 6; TB175-176] |
Lawh-i-Maqsud (Tablet of Maqsud); * Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; Akka, Israel | |
1882 (In the year) 188- |
Ibn-i-Asdaq was given the distinction Shahíd Ibn-i-Shahíd (Martyr, son of the martyr) by Bahá'u'lláh. [EB173] | Ibn-i-Asdaq (Mírzá `Alí-Muhammad); Names and titles | |
1882 (In the year) 188- |
Mírzá `Alí-Muhammad Varqá was arrested in Yazd. He is sent to Isfahán where he was imprisoned for a year. [BW18p383] | Varqá, Mírzá `Alí-Muhammad; Persecution, Iran; - Persecution, Arrests; - Persecution; Varqa; Yazd, Iran; Isfahan, Iran; Iran | |
1881 24 Mar 188- |
Mírzá Yahyá was granted freedom by the British administration of Cyprus. [BBR311]
|
Mírzá Yahya (Subh-i-Azal); Famagusta, Cyprus; Cyprus | |
1881 - 1882 188- |
A nephew of the wife of the Báb, Mirza Ibrahim, resided in Hong Kong. [Video Early history of the Bahá'í Faith in China 4min5 sec] | China; Hong Kong; Hong Kong; China | |
1881 (In the year) 188- |
Michele Lessona (b. 20 September 1923 in Turin Italy, d. 20 July 1894 in Turin) was a writer, a philosopher, an explorer and an educator as well as a medical doctor. He was also a prominent scientist who had translated Darwin and went on to influence generations of Italian scientists.
In 1862 he had been appointed physician to the diplomatic delegation sent to Persia to establish relations between the newly created Kingdom of Italy and the Persian government. There in Tabriz, Lessona met Daud Khan, who told him about the new Revelation. He met often with Gobineau, who had then become the French Ambassador to Persia and the two became lifelong friends. Most of Lessona's information on the Bábi Faith came from these two sources, especially the latter. He found it difficult to get any first-hand information about the Babis, but did recognize, in 1962, that the successor to the Báb was living in Baghdad. Lessona organized two-part conference on the Bábi movement that was held in December of 1880. The following year he published the proceedings of the conference in a small monograph called I Bábi. It was the first Italian historical testimony on the Bábí - Bahá'í Faith. [Bahá'í Tributes; Bahá'í Teachings; BW12p900] |
Michele Lessona; Comte de Gobineau; Bábísm; Turin, Italy; Italy; Tabríz, Iran; Iran | first Italian historical testimony on the Bábí - Bahá'í Faith. |
1881 (In the year) 188- |
The passing of Fáṭimih Bagum, the mother of the Báb in Karbila. She herself was from a prominent Shírází merchant family; she could trace her background back to the Imám Husayn. The daughter of Mírzá Siyyid Muhammad Husayn, she married Siyyid Muhammad Ridá, and had several children with him, however only one survived; 'Alí-Muhammad. Widowed shortly after, she went to live with her brother Hájí Mirzá Siyyid 'Ali who served as a father figure to Siyyid 'Alí-Muhammad. On hearing that Siyyid 'Alí-Muhammad was making a pilgrimage to the holy city of Karbilá, she was distressed and arranged the marriage between Him to His second cousin once removed: Khadíjih Bagum. Originally, Fáṭimih Bagum did not accept her Son's cause unlike her brother, however she kept an open mind. She was devastated on hearing the news of the treatment of her Son, and after His martyrdom her family kept it a secret from her for nearly a whole year. After hearing the news, the distraught Fáṭimih Bagum moved to Karbilá with her closest companions in December of 1851. She did not become a believer until some time later when Bahá'u'lláh instructed two of His faithful followers, Hájí Siyyid Javád-i-Karbilá'í and the wife of Hájí 'Abdu'l-Majíd-i-Shírázi to instruct her in the principles of the Faith |
In Memoriam; Fatimih Bagum; * Báb, The (chronology); Karbala, Iraq; Iraq | |
1881 to 1928 188- |
The second Trustee of the Huqúqu'lláh was Hájí Abu'l-Hasan-i-Ardikání, entitled Amín-i-Iláhí (Trusted of God). He had been a companion of Jináb-i-Sháh until his death in 1881 in a fatal attack. Hájí Sháh-Muhammad and Hájí Abu'l-Hasan had been the first believers to succeed in entering the city of 'Akká and attain the presence of Bahá'u'lláh in the public bath in the early days of His confinement in the Most Great Prison. [Message from the Universal House of Justice dated 25 March, 1985]
|
Huqúqu'lláh; Huququllah, Trustees of; Hájí Abu'l-Hasan-i-Ardikani (Amin-i-Ilahi); - Hands of the Cause; Hands appointed posthumously by Shoghi Effendi; - Apostles of Bahá'u'lláh; Hájí Shah-Muhammad-i-Manshadi (Aminul-Bayan); Hájí Ghulam-Rida (Amin-i-Amin); Public baths (bathhouses); Akka, Israel; - Bahá'í World Centre | |
1881 (In the year) 188- |
The Ridván Garden and the Firdaws Garden were purchased in the name of Bahá'u'lláh. [BBD84, 196; DH95, 103]
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Ridvan garden; Firdaws Garden; Gardens; Pilgrims; Purchases and exchanges; - Bahá'í World Centre buildings, monuments and gardens; - Bahá'í World Centre; - Bahá'í World Centre; Akka, Israel | |
1880 15 Aug 188- |
Mishkín-Qalam addressed a petition to the High Commissioner of Cyprus begging to be released from his confinement. [BBR307]
|
Mishkin-Qalam; Cyprus | |
1880 18 or 19 Jun 188- |
Bahá'u'lláh visited the Druze village of Yirkih (Yerka). `Abdu'l-Bahá joined Him for the last four nights. [DH123]
|
* Bahaullah (chronology); * `Abdu'l-Bahá (chronology); Druze; Yirkih, Israel; Palestine | |
1880 (In the year) 188- |
The first pioneer to Ishqabad was Jináb-I Mírzá 'Abdul'l-Karím-i Ardavílí who settled there in 1880.
At about this time, there erupted in Iran a general persecution of the Baha'is that affected most of the country, in particular Tehran, Yazd, Isfahan, Sabzivar, Fars and Rasht. With the approval of Bahá'u'lláh the Bahá'ís began to settle in Ishqabad. In about 1884, the first four Baha'is to settle permanently in Ashkhabad arrived there. Two of these arrived from Sabzivar, Aqa 'Abdu'r-Rasul Yazdi and Aqa Muhammad Rida Arbab Isfahani. On 3 April 1884, two other Bahá'ís arrived, Ustad `Ali Akbar and Ustad Muhammad Rida, both builders from Yazd. [The Baha'i Community Of Ashkhabad; Its Social Basis And Importance In Baha'i History by Mojan Momen p281-282] The Bahá'í community of Ishqabad, because of the continuous influx of pioneers from Iran (most from Yazd), soon grew to the point of saturation resulting in the friends choosing to pioneer to other parts of Turkestan. They first settled in larger cities, such as Marv, Chardzhou, Bukhara, Samarkand, Tashkent and later when to smaller places. Soon there were Bahá'ís all over Turkestand, from Tashkent to the far corners of the Caspian Sea [YS pg.xvi] |
Ashgabat; Turkmenistan | |
1889 (In the year) 188- |
Bahá'u'lláh instructed Jamal Effendi, a Persian scholar of noble birth and high rank, to proceed to India and acquaint its people with the Bahá'í teachings. He arrived in Bombay in 1872, (sources differ on the date), and proceeded to travel throughout the country. Despite the language difficulty he managed to convey the teachings to many distinguished people. Jamal Effendi's vast knowledge, eloquent tongue and unfailing courtesy attracted many persons to him, and he was the guest of a number of prominent Indians of high standing. At innumerable meetings and discussions Jamal Effendi outlined Bahá'u'lláh's teachings for the upliftment of mankind and many recognized the truth of his words and embraced the Cause. It was not until 1880 that Jamal Effendi's strenuous efforts produced permanent results. In that year the first Bahá'í group was formed at Bombay and from there the Faith spread rapidly to Poona, Calcutta, Karachi and Delhi where Local Spiritual Assemblies were eventually established. [BW18p246] | Jamal Effendi; Mumbai, India; Pune, India; Kolkata, India; New Delhi, India; India; Karachi, Pakistan; Pakistan | first Bahai group in India; first Bahai group in Bombay. |
1880 In the year 188- |
Martyrdom of seven Bahá'ís in Sultánábád. [BW18:383]
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Persecution, Iran; - Persecution, Arrests; - Persecution, Deaths; - Persecution; Sultanabad, India; Tehran, Iran; Iran | |
1880 Early 1880s 188- |
The first Zoroastrians became Bahá'ís, in Persia. [SBBH2:67; RoB3p268]
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- Zoroastrianism; Conversion; * Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; Lawh-i-Haft Pursish; Tablet of Seven Questions; Ustad Javan-Mard; Yazd, Iran; Iran | First Zoroastrians become Bahá'ís |
1879 or 1880 187- |
Birth of Túbá Khánum, second daughter of `Abdu'l-Bahá. [CH93, 95, ABMM] | Tuba Khanum; `Abdu'l-Bahá, Family of; * `Abdu'l-Bahá (chronology); Births and deaths; Akka, Israel | |
1879 Nov 30 187- |
Birth of Laura Clifford Barney (Laura Dreyfus-Barney) in Cincinnati, Ohio. She compiled Some Answered Questions from her interviews with `Abdu'l-Bahá during her visit to Acca between 1904 and 1906. (d. Paris 18 August 1974) | Some Answered Questions (book); Laura Clifford Barney; Births and deaths; Cincinnati, OH; Ohio, USA; USA | |
1879 Sep 187- |
Bahá'u'lláh moved to the empty mansion at Bahjí after two years' residence at Mazra`ih. [BBD42; BKG362]
Note: The date of Bahá'u'lláh's first arrival at the Mansion of Bahji is given as September 1879 in Bahá'u'lláh: The King of Glory, p. 362. However, in a Tablet dated 11 Rabí`u'l-Avval 1298 A.H. [11 February 1881], Bahá'u'lláh tells Núri'd- Dín that it had been only a month since He arrived at the Mansion; see Núri'd- Dín's Collection, p. 43. [Memories of the Báb, Bahá'u'lláh and `Abdu'l-Bahá by Mírzá Habíbu'lláh Afnán p32] |
House of Bahá'u'lláh (Bahji); Bahá'u'lláh, Houses of; * Bahá'u'lláh, Basic timeline; - Basic timeline, Expanded; - Bahá'í World Centre buildings, monuments and gardens; - Bahá'í World Centre; Mazraih, Iran; Bahji, Israel | |
1879 20 Jun 187- |
Mishkín-Qalam was given permission to move from Famagusta to Nicosia. [BBR307] | Mishkin-Qalam; Famagusta, Cyprus; Nicosia, Cyprus; Cyprus | |
1879 Summer 187- |
An epidemic of plague broke out in `Akká and environs. Among others who felt its effects were `Údí Khammár and his family who left the mansion at Bahjí. [BBD42, 128; BKG362; DH91, 203; GPB194] | Udi Khammar; Bahji, Israel; House of Bahá'u'lláh (Bahji); Akka, Israel | |
1879 17 Mar 187- |
The martyrdom of Hájí Siyyid Muhammad-Hasan, the `King of Martyrs' (Sultánu'sh-Shuhadá), and Hájí Siyyid Muhammad-Husayn, the `Beloved of Martyrs'. [BW18:383]
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Mírzá Muhammad-Hasan (King of Martyrs); Mírzá Muhammad-Husayn (Beloved of Martyrs); King of Martyrs and Beloved of Martyrs; Mir Muhammad-Husayn; Shaykh Muhammad-Baqir; Wolf; Zillus-Sultan; - Apostles of Bahá'u'lláh; Sultanush-Shuhada; Isfahan, Iran; Iran | |
1879 12 Mar 187- |
The arrest of Hájí Siyyid Muhammad-Hasan, the `King of Martyrs', and Hájí Siyyid Muhammad-Husayn, the `Beloved of Martyrs'. [BBD 130] | Mírzá Muhammad-Hasan (King of Martyrs); Mírzá Muhammad-Husayn (Beloved of Martyrs); King of Martyrs and Beloved of Martyrs | |
1879 (In the year) 187- |
`Abdu'l-Bahá traveled to Beirut at the invitation of Midhat Páshá, the Válí of Syria. [BKG378]
|
Midhat Páshá; Muhammad Abduh; Lawh-i-Ard-i-Ba (Tablet of the Land of Ba); * Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; * Bahaullah (chronology); Beirut, Lebanon; Lebanon; Egypt | |
c. 1879 187- |
Sárih Khánum, the faithful sister of Bahá'u'lláh, passed away in Tihrán. She was buried a short distance from the city. [RB1:49–50] | Sarih Khanum; Bahá'u'lláh, Family of; In Memoriam; Births and deaths; Cemeteries and graves; Tehran, Iran; Iran | |
1878 12 Jul 187- |
The British government took over the administration of Cyprus. [BBR306] | History (general); British history; Colonialism and imperialism; Cyprus | |
1878 19 Feb 187- |
Birth of George Adam Benke, German-Russian Bahá'í, who after his death was named by Shoghi Effendi as the first European Bahá'í martyr, in the Ukraine. [BW5:416–18] | George Adam Benke; Births and deaths; Ukraine | First European Bahá'í martyr |
1878 (In the year) 187- |
Although He was still a prisoner of the Ottoman Empire, 'Abdu'l-Bahá was allowed to travel to Beirut, Lebanon at the invitation of Midhat Páshá, a brilliant statesman and liberal reformer. In Beirut, He met many of the notables of the Arab world.
At this time Bahá'u'lláh revealed Lawḥ-i-'Arḍ-i-Bá (Tablet of the Land of Bá). [WOBp136; ABp38] Conflict:"The Extraordinary Life of 'Abdu'l-Bahá" Slide 40/114 says the visit to Beirut took place in June of 1880. |
* Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; Beirut, Lebanon; Lebanon | |
1878 (In the year) 187- |
Siyyid Mustafá Rúmí arrived in Burma with Jamál Effendi.
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Siyyid Mustafa Rumi; Jamal Effendi; - Hands of the Cause; Firsts, other; Exemplar (film); Daidanaw, Myanmar; Myanmar | First all-Bahá'í village outside Iran |
1878 (In the year) 187- |
It was not until 1878 that the Baha'is of Tehran received copies of the Kitab-i Aqdas and began to implement some of its laws in their personal lives. Upon reading it Mirza Asadu'llah Isfahani was particularly struck by the command of Bahá'u'lláh that a House of Justice should be established by the Baha'is in every city.
Mirza Asadu'llah was the first to undertake the organization of a local House of Justice in Iran. He took the initiative to invite eight other prominent believers to form a body, responding to the laws of the Kitáb-i Aqdas , which they referred to as bayt al-'adl (House of Justice) or bayt al-a'zam (the Most Great House). The organization of this first House of Justice was kept a secret, even from the believers. However, it met sporadically in the home of Mirza Asadu'llah for a couple of years. After consulting with this body, the prominent Bahá'í men who had been invited to attend its meetings would seek to take action as individual Bahá'í teachers that would implement its decisions. Around 1881, the Tehran House of Justice was reorganized and more members were added. The House adopted a written constitution and pursued its activities with more organization and vigour than before. The constitution mandated, however, that the meetings remain strictly confidential, hidden from the body of the believers. [The Service of Women on the Institutions of the Baha'i Faith] |
Local Spiritual Assembly, formation; Kitáb-i-Aqdas (Most Holy Book); Mírzá Asadullah-i-Isfahani; Tehran, Iran; Iran | first Local Spiritual Assembly |
1878 to 1881 187- |
The law of the Huqúqu'lláh was put into practice because the work of teaching the Cause began to expand in Persia and in neighbouring countries and there was a need for funds but Bahá'u'lláh put restrictions on its collection. [ESW56]
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Huqúqu'lláh; Huququllah, Trustees of; Hájí Shah-Muhammad-i-Manshadi (Aminul-Bayan); Báb, Remains of; Mosques; Firsts, other; Iran; Yazd, Iran; Baghdad, Iraq; Tehran, Iran | The First Trustee of the Huqúqu'lláh |
1877 Dec 187- |
Mullá Kázim-i-Tálkhunchi'í was executed in Isfahán. [BBR273–4; BW18:383] | Mulla Kazim-i-Talkhunchii; Isfahan, Iran | |
1877 (Near the end of the year) 187- |
Conversion of Siyyid Mustafá Rúmí in Calcutta, while he was travelling with Jamál Effendi. [RSLG] | Siyyid Mustafa Rumi; Jamal Effendi; Kolkata, India; India | |
1877 26 Sep 187- |
Birth of Siegfried Schopflocher, Hand of the Cause of God, in Germany. | Siegfried Schopflocher; - Hands of the Cause; Hands of the Cause, Births and deaths; Births and deaths; Fürth, Germany; Bavaria, Germany; Germany | |
1877 Sep 187- |
Hájí `Abdu'l-Majíd-i-Níshápúrí was executed in Mashhad. [BW18:383] | Hájí `Abdu'l-Majid-i-Nishapuri; Persecution, Iran; Mashhad, Iran; Iran | |
1877 3–10 Jun 187- |
Bahá'u'lláh took up residence at Mazra`ih. [BBD154]
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House of Bahá'u'lláh (Mazraih); Bahá'u'lláh, Houses of; * Bahaullah (chronology); Shaykh Aliy-i-Miri (Mufti of Akka); Bahiyyih Khanum (Greatest Holy Leaf); Navvab (Asiyih Khanum); * Bahá'u'lláh, Basic timeline; - Basic timeline, Expanded; - Bahá'í World Centre buildings, monuments and gardens; - Bahá'í World Centre; Akka, Israel | |
1868-1873 187- |
See Bibliography for the Tablets of Baha'u'llah: List of citations and resources for Tablets revealed 1868-1877 compiled by Jonah Winters.
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* Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; Akka, Israel | |
1877 Jun 187- |
Possibly the first visit of Bahá'u'lláh to the Ridván Garden outside `Akká. [BBD196–7; DH95; GPB193]
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Ridvan garden; * Bahaullah (chronology); Gardens; Firsts, other; - Bahá'í World Centre buildings, monuments and gardens; - Bahá'í World Centre; * Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; Radiyyih (sister of Munirih Khanum); Akka, Israel | First visit of Bahá'u'lláh to Ridván Garden outside `Akká |
1877 Spring 187- |
`Abdu'l-Bahá held a banquet for the notables of `Akká in a pine grove near Bahjí. [BKG358; DH54, 87]
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Firmans; * `Abdu'l-Bahá (chronology); Bahji, Israel | |
c. 1877 187- |
`Abdu'l-Bahá rented the house of Mazra`ih for Bahá'u'lláh's use. [BKG357; DH87; RB3:416] | Bahá'u'lláh, Houses of; House of Bahá'u'lláh (Mazraih); * `Abdu'l-Bahá (chronology); - Bahá'í World Centre buildings, monuments and gardens; - Bahá'í World Centre; Akka, Israel | |
1877 – 1878 187- |
As a result of the war between Russia and Turkey some 11 million people were freed from the Turkish yoke. Adrianople was occupied by the Russian ally, Bulgaria. The Ottoman enemies were brought to the gates of Istanbul. [BKG262; GPB225]
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War; History (general); Edirne, Turkey; Pleven, Bulgaria; Turkey; Russia | |
1876 31 Aug 187- |
Deposition of Murád V followed by the accession of `Abdu'l-Hamíd II to the Sultanate of the Ottoman Empire, upon which the banishment decree of Sultan 'Abdu'l-Aziz for Bahá'u'lláh was relaxed. | Murad V; `Abdu'l-Hamid II; - Sultan; Istanbul, Turkey; Turkey | |
1876 14 Jun 187- |
Birth of George Townshend, Hand of the Cause of God, in Dublin. | George Townshend; - Hands of the Cause; Hands of the Cause, Births and deaths; Births and deaths; Dublin, Ireland; Ireland | |
1876 4 Jun 187- |
`Abdu'l-`Azíz either committed suicide or was assassinated. [BBD2; BBR485; GPB225]
|
Sultán `Abdu'l-Azíz; Births and deaths; Nasirid-Din Sháh; Murad V; Lawh-i-Fuad (Tablet to Fuad Pasha); Suriy-i-Muluk (Surih to the Kings); History (general); Prophecies; Istanbul, Turkey; Turkey | |
1876 30 May 187- |
Sultán `Abdu'l-`Azíz was deposed. He had ruled from 1861. [BBR485] | Sultán `Abdu'l-Azíz; - Sultans; History (general); Ottoman Empire; Turkey | |
1876 14 Feb 187- |
Birth of Keith Ransom-Kehler, Hand of the Cause and the first American Bahá'í martyr, in Kentucky. | Keith Ransom-Kehler; - Hands of the Cause; Hands of the Cause, Births and deaths; Births and deaths; Firsts, other; Kentucky, USA; USA | First American Bahá'í martyr |
1876 (In the year) 187- |
The conversion of Mírzá Abu'l-Fadl Gulpáygání, a leading clerical philosopher. [BBRSM88; EB264]
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Mírzá Abu'l-Fadl Gulpaygani; Iran | |
1876 (In the year) 187- |
Six Bahá'ís were arrested in Tihrán and imprisoned for three months and 17 days. [BW18:383] | Persecution, Iran; - Persecution, Arrests; - Persecution; Tehran, Iran; Iran | |
1876 - 1883 187- |
The Lawh-i-Aflákiyyih (Tablet of the Universe) was revealed by Àbdu'l-Bahá in Arabic sometime between 1876 and 1883, probably at the request of Bahá'u'lláh. It has been suggested that the recipient was Jináb-i-Mírzá Muḥammad Ḥusayn-i-Munajjim-i-Tafrishí, a devoted early believer and skilled astronomer.
See Historical Background of the Lawh-i-Aflákíyyih, Tablet of the Universe from the Research Department dated 10 June 2014. The Research Department suggested scholarly works by William Hatcher, Ian Kluge and Steven Phelps might be of interest to the inquirer. Other studies on the Tablet on Bahá'í Library Online are:
See also One Physicist's first Look at Abdu'l-Baha's Tablet of the Universe by Vahid Houston Ranjbar. |
* `Abdu'l-Bahá, Writings and talks of; Lawh-i-Aflakiyyih (Tablet of the Universe); * Science | |
1875 Nov 187- |
British prime minister Benjamin Disraeli borrowed 4 million pounds to acquire the Khedive ́s holding of the Suez Canal shares and secured for Britain 44% control of the Canal. At this time the traffic in the Canal was 80% British. [Wikipedia; Colonialism, Nationalism and Jewish Immigration to Palestine: Abdu'l-Baha's Viewpoints Regarding the Middle East by Kamran Ekbal p3] | Suez Canal; Egypt | |
1875 16 Oct 187- |
Birth of Tarázu'lláh Samandarí, Hand of the Cause of God, in Qazvín. | Tarazullah Samandari; - Hands of the Cause; Hands of the Cause, Births and deaths; Births and deaths; Qazvin, Iran; Iran | |
1875 21 Jul 187- |
Birth of Agnes Baldwin Alexander, Hand of the Cause, in Hawaii.
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Agnes Alexander; - Hands of the Cause; Hands of the Cause, Births and deaths; Births and deaths; Hawaii, USA | |
1875 (In the year) 187- |
Theosophy was established as a religious philosophical movement in New York City by Helena Petrovna Blavatsky (1831-1891). It contained elements of Hinduism and Buddhism and held that the purpose of all the religions was to assist humanity toward perfection and that all religions had a portion of the "truth". It has since split into a number of conflicting ideologies. [ABF9note54, Wikipedia (Blavatskian)]
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Theosophy; Theosophical Society; Helena Blavatsky; Esotericism; Occultism; New York, USA; USA | |
1875 (In the year) 187- |
At the request of Baha'u'lláh,`Abdu'l-Bahá wrote The Mysterious Forces of Civilization, a treatise on the establishment of a just, progressive and divinely-based government. [SDCv; Baha'u'llah on the Circumstances of the Composition of "The Secret of Divine Civilization" a provisional translation of a Tablet by Bahá'u'lláh by Adib Masumian]
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Secret of Divine Civilization (book); Publishing; * Publications; - First publications; Corruption; Reform; Iran, General history; * `Abdu'l-Bahá (chronology); * `Abdu'l-Bahá, Writings and talks of; * `Abdu'l-Bahá, Basic timeline; - Basic timeline, Expanded; Adib Masumian; Akka, Israel; Mumbai, India; India; Iran | |
1875 (In the year) 187- |
`Abdu'l-Bahá rented a small garden near `Akká for Bahá'u'lláh's use. [BBD196–7; DH95]
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Ridvan garden; * `Abdu'l-Bahá (chronology); * Bahaullah (chronology); Gardens; Akka, Israel | |
1875 (In the year) 187- |
Bahá'u'lláh sent Sulaymán Khán Ilyás, Jamál Effendi, to India. [BW4:285; GPB195; MC155]
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Sulayman Khan Ilyas; Jamal Effendi; Siyyid Mustafa Rumi; Mumbai, India; Kolkata, India; Chennai, India; India; Myanmar | first.. |
1875 (In the year) 187- |
The `ulamá arouse the rabble against the Bahá'ís in Sidih, Isfahán. Several Bahá'ís were imprisoned, including Nayyir and Síná. [BW18:383] | Persecution, Iran; - Persecution, Arrests; - Persecution; Sidih, Iran; Isfahan, Iran; Iran | |
1875 (In the year) 187- |
Ḥakím Áqá Ján was the first Jewish believer from Hamadán. Given his position of leadership in the Jewish community, his acceptance of the Cause guided countless other Jews of Hamadán to do the same. He was convinced of the truth of the Faith after attending the talks of Hand of the Cause Ibn-i-Aṣdaq who had come from Khurásán to Hamadán and would hold gatherings for teaching the Cause.
The wife of Ḥakím Áqá Ján, Ṭúṭí Khánum, was a deeply faithful believer and his son, Mírzá Mihdí Khán, a doctor of medicine like his father, became the personal physician of Náṣiri'd-Dín Sháh. In 1881, on his deathbed, Ḥakím Áqá Ján was reported to have seen Bahá'u'lláh standing in his room although He was in the Holy Land. In a tablet addressed to his son after his passing, Bahá'u'lláh said that He was with him at the moment of his ascension. [An Account of the Life of Ḥakím Áqá Ján translated by Adobe Masumian] For more information on the enrolment of Persian Jews see Jewish Identities in Iran: Resistance and Conversion to Islam and the Baha'i Faith by Mehrdad Amanat as well as Arsalan Geula's Iranian Bahá'ís from Jewish Background: A Portrait of an Emerging Bahá'í Community.] |
Jews; Hamadán, Iran; Iran | the first Jewish believer from Hamadán. |
1874 14 Nov 187- |
Birth of William Sutherland Maxwell, Hand of the Cause of God, in Montreal. | Sutherland Maxwell; Hands of the Cause, Births and deaths; Births and deaths; Montreal, QC; Canada | |
1874 9 Oct 187- |
Headquartered in Bern, Switzerland, the General Postal Union was established when 22 countries signed the Treaty of Bern on this day in 1874. The organization was formed with the intent of unifying the multitude of international postal services into a single postal territory and establishing regulations for international mail exchanges. In 1878, the group's name was changed to the Universal Postal Union to reflect its fast-growing global membership. Today, the UPU has expanded to 192 member countries and not only sets the guidelines for international mail exchanges, but also serves to advise, mediate, and act as a liaison in postal matters, making recommendations for growth and providing technical assistance as needed.
The Universal Postal Congress it held every four years. The 28th Universal Postal Congress will be held in 2025 in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Four Extraordinary Congresses have been held to date. The last one was held in Saudi Arabia in 2023 to examine proposals associated with the further opening up of the Union to wider postal sector players, as well as other urgent postal sector issues. The Universal Postal Union became a specialized agency of the United Nations on 1 July 1948. As such, the UPU contributes to the development of UN policies and activities that have a direct link with its mandate and missions to promote social and economic development.is the world's second oldest international organization. [UPU website] |
United Nations; International relations; International Standards; Bern, Switzerland; Switzerland; Dubai, United Arab Emirates | |
1874 6 Jun 187- |
Birth of Louis George Gregory, Hand of the Cause of God at Charleston, South Carolina. | Louis G. Gregory; - Hands of the Cause; Hands of the Cause, Births and deaths; Births and deaths; South Carolina, USA; USA | |
1874 19 May 187- |
Birth of John Ebenezer Esslemont, Hand of the Cause of God, in Aberdeen, Scotland. | Esslemont; - Hands of the Cause; Hands of the Cause, Births and deaths; Births and deaths; Aberdeen, Scotland; Scotland; United Kingdom | |
1874 8 May 187- |
The arrival of the eldest son of Násiri'd-Dín Sháh, Sultán-Mas'úd Mírzá, Zillu's-Sultán, in Isfahán as governor. [BBR269]
Within a few days of the arrival of Zillu's-Sultán in Isfahán, a general persecution of Bahá'ís began. [BBRXXXIX, 269–70] |
Sultan-Masud Mírzá; - Governors; Zillus-Sultan; Shaykh Muhammad-Baqir; Wolf; Isfahan, Iran; Iran | |
1874 Apr 187- |
Shaykh Muhammad-Báqir, the Wolf, has 20 or more Bahá'ís arrested in Isfahán. [BW18:383] | Shaykh Muhammad-Baqir; Wolf; Isfahan, Iran; Iran | |
1874 - 1875 187- |
The passing of Mullá Sádiq-i-Muqaddas-i-Khurásání entitled by Bahá'u'lláh Ism'lláh'l-Asdaq (In the Name of God the Most Truthful) in Hamadán. He was born in Mashhad in around 1800, the son of a cleric, he furthered his own clerical studies in Karbila under the Shaykhi leader Sayyid Qasim Rashti, eventually gaining the rank of mujtahid, and becoming known by the honorific title Muqaddas ('the holy one').
Note: Other sources fix his passing, EB23 and LoF32: 1889, but Bahá'í Encyclopedia Project had determine his passing as 1291 A.H or 1874-1875. The source is a letter from the Research Department dated 25 July 2005. |
In Memoriam; - Hands of the Cause; Hands of the Cause, Births and deaths; Births and deaths; Hands of the Cause, Activities; Ismullahul-Asdaq (Mulla Sadiq Khurasani); Hands of the Cause, referred to as such by `Abdu'l-Bahá; Hamadán, Iran; Iran | |
1873 or 1874 187- |
Lawh-i-Hikmat (Tablet of Wisdom) was written by Bahá'u'lláh in 'Akká and addressed to Mulla Muhammad-'Alí (Nabíl-i-Qa'iní), a former mujtahid in the Ithna 'Ashari sect of Shi'i Islam and a distinguished Bahá'í scholar and teacher. In this Tablet, Bahá'u'lláh elaborated His teachings on many themes, including the origins and development of "hikmat-i-iláhí" (divine philosophy), discussing a number of philosophers, including the Father of Philosophy (Idris/Hermes), Balinus (Apollonius of Tyana), Empedocles, Pythagoras, Hippocrates, Socrates, Plato, Aristotle and Pliny. As well He explained the influence of the Word of God and the cause and origin of creation and of nature.
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Lawh-i-Hikmat (Tablet of Wisdom); * Philosophy; Tablets of Bahá'u'lláh revealed after the Kitáb-i-Aqdas; * Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; Ethel Rosenberg; Akka, Israel | |
1873 (Latter part of the year) 187- |
The existence of the Kitáb-i-Aqdas was made known to the Bahá'ís. [SA248] | Kitáb-i-Aqdas (Most Holy Book); * Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; * Bahaullah (chronology); Akka, Israel | |
1873 Late in the year 187- |
Bahá'u'lláh acquired the house of `Abbúd. It is joined to the house of `Údí Khammár to make one residence and Bahá'u'lláh moved to the side of the house previously occupied by `Abbúd. [BBD106, 109; BKG319; DH51]
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Ilyas Abbud; House of Abbud; Bahá'u'lláh, Houses of; - Bahá'í World Centre buildings, monuments and gardens; - Bahá'í World Centre; Akka, Israel | |
1873 7 Jun 187- |
Birth of Amelia Engelder Collins, Hand of the Cause, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. | - Hands of the Cause; Amelia Collins; Births and deaths; Pittsburgh, PA; Pennsylvania, USA; USA | |
1873 12 Apr 187- |
Birth of Hippolyte Dreyfus, the first French Bahá'í, in Paris. Named by Shoghi Effendi a Disciple of `Abdu'l-Bahá. | Hippolyte Dreyfus-Barney; - Disciples of `Abdu'l-Bahá; First Bahá'ís by country or area; Births and deaths; Paris, France; France | First French Bahá'í |
1873 8 Mar 187- |
Marriage of `Abdu'l-Bahá to Munírih Khánum in the House of `Abbúd.
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* `Abdu'l-Bahá (chronology); `Abdu'l-Bahá, Family of; Munirih Khanum; Weddings; Mírzá Muhammad-`Alíy-i-Nahrí; Diyaiyyih Khanum; Mírzá Hadi Shirazi; Tuba Khanum; Mírzá Muhsin Afnan; Ruha Khanum; Mírzá Jalal; Mírzá Muhammad-Hasan (King of Martyrs); King of Martyrs and Beloved of Martyrs; Munavvar Khanum; Mírzá Ahmad; Genealogy; - Basic timeline, Expanded; * `Abdu'l-Bahá, Basic timeline; Akka, Israel | |
1873 1 Mar 187- |
Bahá'u'lláh revealed the Tablet of the Vision, "Lawh-i-Rú'yá" in Arabic. See the Provisional Translation by Stephan Lambden. | Lawh-i-Ruya (Tablet of the Vision); * Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; Maid of Heaven; Akka, Israel | |
1873 c. Mar 187- |
Ilyás `Abbúd offers to provide a room in his house for `Abdu'l-Bahá and Munírih Khánum after their marriage. He furnished a room, opened a doorway into it through the dividing wall and presented it to Bahá'u'lláh for `Abdu'l-Bahá's use. [BKG348; DH45] | Ilyas Abbud; House of Abbud; * `Abdu'l-Bahá (chronology); Munirih Khanum | |
1873 (In the year) 187- |
The Law of the Huqúqu'lláh that had first been ordained by the Báb in 1848 in the Persian Bayán (chapter 19 of unit 5), was reiterated in the Kitáb-i-Aqdas, verses 227-233 and in the Questions and Answers.
When Bahá'u'lláh revealed The Kitáb-i-Aqdas, He ordered it not to be released for a while. The reason for this He states in a Tablet was because it contained the law of Ḥuqúq, and He worried that the friends may not obey it, or even worse, may come to the wrong conclusions. The very thought that some people, in their immaturity, might possibly assume that the Ḥuqúq was intended for Bahá'u'lláh's personal use was extremely painful to Him.[Huqúqu'lláh The Right of God Study Guide by Firaydoun Javaheri 2015 p8] |
Huququllah, Basic timeline; Huqúqu'lláh; Kitáb-i-Aqdas (Most Holy Book); Questions and Answers (Kitáb-i-Aqdas); - Gradual implementation of laws | |
1873 (In the year) 187- |
The revelation of the obligatory prayers. "Many of the laws of the Báb...are carefully designed in a way that testifies that the advent of Him Whom God shall make manifest was impending....The Báb never revealed the words of the (obligatory) prayer itself, thus making the implementation of this law dependent on the arrival of the Promised One." [GH366] The original Bahá'í obligatory prayer, mentioned in the Kitab-i-Aqdas, involved nine cycles of movement starting with a bow (rak`ah) and was to be said morning, noon, and afternoon. It probably called for three rak`ahs at each time. Bahá'u'lláh revealed the text but did not release it in order to avoid provoking conflict with Muslims. (This prayer was one of the documents in the cases taken by `Abdu'l-Bahá's brothers shortly after the passing of Bahá'u'lláh.) Some time later, after the writing of the Kitab-i-Aqdas but before that of its supplement Questions and Answers, Bahá'u'lláh wrote a second set of obligatory prayers which are in use today. Three alternative forms were provided: a very short prayer to be said between noon and sunset; a somewhat longer prayer to be said in the morning, the afternoon, and the evening; and a long prayer to be said once during twenty-four hours. [Prayer and Worship by John Walbridge] |
Obligatory prayer; Prayer; Kitáb-i-Aqdas (Most Holy Book); Questions and Answers (Kitáb-i-Aqdas); Laws | |
1873 Early part 187- |
Bahá'u'lláh completed the revelation of the Kitáb-i-Aqdas in the southeast corner room of the house of `Údí Khammár. [BBD132; BKG351; DH46; GPB213; RB3:275; SA248; BBS145]
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Kitáb-i-Aqdas (Most Holy Book); - Basic timeline, Condensed; - Basic timeline, Expanded; * Bahá'u'lláh, Basic timeline; Laws; House of Udi Khammar; * Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; * Bahaullah (chronology); - Dating of Writings; Tablets to kings and rulers; Napoleon III; - Gradual implementation of laws; Akka, Israel | |
1873 (In the year) 187- |
Ahmad Big Tawfíq (Ahmad Bey) became Mutasarrif of `Akká. [BBD12, 20; BBR487; DH126–9; GPB192]
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Ahmad Big Tawfiq (Ahmad Bey); - Mutasarrifs; - Governors; Akka, Israel | |
1873 - 1892 187- |
During this period Bahá'u'lláh's Writings pertained to the establishment of the new world order. | * Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; Akka, Israel | |
1873 (In the year) 187- |
Ibn-i-Abhar was arrested in Tihrán and imprisoned for 14 months and 15 days. [BW18:383] | Ibn-i-Abhar (Mulla Muhammad Taqi); Tehran, Iran; Iran | |
1872 Early 1870's 187- |
The Arabic and Persian text of Bahá'u'lláh's 'Tablet of Medicine' (Lawh-i-Tibb) is to be dated to the early 'Akká period of his ministry (early 1870s?). It was addressed to a Bahá'í named Mírzá Muhammad Ridá'-yi Tabib-i Yazdí, a physician of the traditional school.
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* Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; Lawh-i-Tibb (Tablet to a Physician); Akka, Israel; USA | |
1872 Last months 187- |
Munírih Khánum arrived in `Akká. She stayed in the house of Mírzá Músá for five months. [MKBM44]
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Munirih Khanum; Mírzá Musa (Aqay-i-Kalim); Akka, Israel | |
1872 22 Nov 187- |
Muhammad-Báqir-i-Mahallátí, one of the Bahá'ís imprisoned in Cyprus, died. [BBR306]
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Aqa Muhammad-Baqir (Qahvih-chiy-i Mahallati); Mishkin-Qalam; In Memoriam; Births and deaths; Cyprus exiles; Cyprus | |
1872 Oct 187- |
The Reverend James Huber, a missionary from the Church Missionary Society of Germany stationed in Nazareth, in the company of Georg David Hardegg of the Templer settlement in Haifa, tried to pay a visit to Bahá'u'lláh in 'Akká. They were unable to do so due to the fact that He was under police guard at the time. The two men were, however, received by 'Abdu'l-Bahá. [SBBH1p218] | James Huber; Georg David Hardegg; Templer Society (German Templer colony); Akka, Israel | |
1872 25 Jul 187- |
The Baron de Reuter concession in 1872 was a significant agreement between the government of Persia and a British financier named Julius de Reuter. This concession, sometimes referred to as the Reuter Concession, granted exclusive rights to de Reuter for the construction of a telegraph line that would connect Tehran to the western border with the Ottoman Empire and the right to explore and to exploit various natural resources, including mines and forests, along the proposed telegraph route.
The concession met with controversy and criticism and became a symbol of the encroachment of European powers and their control over Iran's resources and infrastructure. This lead to the re-negotiation of the contract and the terms of the concession were revised to be somewhat less favourable to the concessionaire. [Colonialism, Nationalism and Jewish Immigration to Palestine: Abdu'l-Baha's Viewpoints Regarding the Middle East by Kamran Ekbal p3; Wikipedia] |
Colonialism and imperialism; History (general); Iran, General history; Iran | |
1872 10 Aug 187- |
Birth of Martha Root, Hand of the Cause and itinerant Bahá'í teacher, in Richmond, Ohio. | Martha Root; - Hands of the Cause; Hands of the Cause, Births and deaths; Births and deaths; Richmond, BC; Ohio, USA; USA | |
1872 31 May 187- |
Birth of Thomas Breakwell, considered the first English Bahá'í, in Woking, Surrey, England.
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Thomas Breakwell; Births and deaths; Ethel Rosenberg; Marion Miller; Woking, England; Surrey, BC; United Kingdom | First English Bahá'í |
1872 22 Jan 187- |
Three Azalís were murdered by seven Bahá'ís in 'Akká. [BBD163; BKG3256 DH41; GPB189; RB3:235]
The consternation that seized an already oppressed community was indescribable. Bahá'u'lláh's indignation knew no bounds. "Were We," He thus voices His emotions, in a Tablet revealed shortly after this act had been committed, "to make mention of what befell Us, the heavens would be rent asunder and the mountains would crumble." "My captivity," He wrote on another occasion, "cannot harm Me. That which can harm Me is the conduct of those who love Me, who claim to be related to Me, and yet perpetrate what causeth My heart and My pen to groan." [GPB189-190] |
Siyyid Muhammad-i-Isfahani; Ilyas Abbud; House of Abbud; House of Udi Khammar; Bahá'u'lláh, Houses of; * Bahaullah (chronology); * Bahá'u'lláh, Basic timeline; * `Abdu'l-Bahá (chronology); Antichrist; Murders; Opposition; Azali Bábís; Ustad Muhammad-`Alí Salmáni; Mírzá Yahya (Subh-i-Azal); - Basic timeline, Expanded; Akka, Israel | |
1872 (In the year) 187- |
Birth of Joseph H. Hannen, a Disciple of `Abdu'l-Bahá. | Joseph Hannen; Births and deaths | |
c. 1872 187- |
Bahá'u'lláh tasked Shaykh Salmán to escort Munírih Khánum (Fátimih Khánum) to `Akká to marry `Abdu'l-Bahá. She traveled from her home in Isfahan to Shíráz where she stayed with the wife of the Báb then went to Mecca for pilgrimage. From Mecca she traveled to `Akká. [MKBM26-44; RoB2p384-386]
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Munirih Khanum; Shaykh Salman; Isfahan, Iran; Iran; Shíráz, Iran; Mecca, Saudi Arabia; Akka, Israel | |
1872 (In the year) 187- |
Restoration of the House of the Báb began at the request of Khadíjih Bigum with the permission and the financial support of Bahá'u'lláh. She requested that the House not be restored to its original configuration to avoid painful memories. Therefore,
substantial changes were made to the structure of the House. These included making two of the rooms part of the expanded courtyard and moving the small pool.
Note: During the early days of the Afnán family, there was considerable competition within certain quarters of the family over the House of the Báb. On several occasions, the issue was brought to Bahá'u'lláh. He consistently reaffirmed the hereditary custodianship of Zahra Bagum and her descendants. By the time of `Abdu'l-Bahá's Ministry, only a few family members questioned the custodianship rights. However, to ensure complete unity, the Master reaffirmed the hereditary right of Núri'd-Dín and, thereafter, Mírzá Habíb. Before his passing, Mírzá Habíb passed the custodianship to his oldest son, Abú'l-Qásim Afnán. [MBBA115n165] |
Khadijih Bagum (wife of the Báb); Báb, House of (Shiraz); Restoration; Shíráz, Iran; Iran | |
1871 End of the year 187- |
Bahá'u'lláh revealed the Lawh-i-Qad Ihtaraqa'l-Mukhlisun (Fire Tablet) while living in the house of Udi Khammer. It was revealed in answer to a letter from one of His devoted followers in Persia, Haji Siyyid Alí-Akbar-i-Dahájí. In a passage, as yet untranslated, addressed to the uncle of Haji Siyyid 'Ali-Akbar, Bahá'u'lláh stated that He revealed the Fire Tablet for the nephew so that it might create in him feelings of joy as well as igniting in his heart the fire of the love of God. It was revealed at a time when great afflictions and sorrows had surrounded Bahá'u'lláh as a result of the hostility, betrayal and acts of infamy perpetrated by those few individuals who had once claimed to be the helpers of the Cause of God. [BKG321–2; RB3:226–31]
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Lawh-i-Qad-Ihtaraqal-Mukhlisun (Fire Tablet); Hájí Siyyid `Alí-Akbar-i-Dahájí; * Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; * Bahaullah (chronology); * Bahá'u'lláh, Basic timeline; - Basic timeline, Expanded; Akka, Israel | |
1871 1 Nov 187- |
Birth of `Lua' Getsinger (Lucinda Louisa Aurora Moore), Banner of the Cause (Líva), Disciple of `Abdu'l-Bahá, Herald of the Covenant and Mother Teacher of the West near Hume, New York. [AB67]
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May Maxwell (Bolles); Phoebe Hearst; Lua Getsinger; - Disciples of `Abdu'l-Bahá; Births and deaths; Hume, NY; USA | |
1871 16 Oct 187- |
The famous British writer and critic, Matthew Arnold, made a brief reference to the Faith in an address that he gave to the Birmingham and Midland Institute. (See M. Momen, Babi and Bahá'í Religions). This reference was probably because of Comte de Gobineau's book Les Religions et Les Philosophies dans l'Asie Centrale which was published in 1865. [First Public Mentions of the Bahá'í Faith in the West by Bahá'í Information Office of the UK] | Matthew Arnold; Comte de Gobineau; Mentions; Bábísm, Early Western Accounts of; Birmingham, England; United Kingdom | first public mention of the Faith in England |
1871 Sep 187- |
Bahá'u'lláh was transferred to the house of `Údí Khammár in `Akká. [BBD109; BKG317; DH39, 203; GPB189]
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Bahá'u'lláh, Houses of; House of Udi Khammar; Udi Khammar; House of Abbud; Ilyas Abbud; Khan-i-Avamid; - Bahá'í World Centre buildings, monuments and gardens; - Bahá'í World Centre; Pilgrim Houses; Akka, Israel | first pilgrim house. |
1871 4 Aug 187- |
Shaykh `Alíy-i-Sayyáh, one of the Bahá'ís imprisoned in Cyprus, died, allegedly of poisoning. [BBR306, FOI,Forward]
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Shaykh Aliy-i-Sayyah; Mishkin-Qalam; Cyprus | |
1871 mid-year 187- |
`Údí Khammár, a wealthy Maronite Christian merchant, and his family moved into the recently restored mansion at Bahjí, leaving their `Akká house empty. [BKG316–17; DH203] | Udi Khammar; Bahji, Israel; House of Udi Khammar; House of Bahá'u'lláh (Bahji); Akka, Israel | |
1871 c. May 187- |
Bahá'u'lláh was transferred to the house of Rábi`ih. [GPB189]
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House of Rabiih; Bahá'u'lláh, Houses of; Akka, Israel | |
1871 c. Jan 187- |
Bahá'u'lláh was moved to the house of Khavvám, across the street from the house of Malik. [BBR209–10; BKG315; GPB189]
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* Bahaullah (chronology); Bahá'u'lláh, Houses of; House of Khavvam; House of Malik; Akka, Israel | |
1871 (In the year) 187- |
Muhammad-Hasan Khán-i-Káshí died in Burújird, Iran, after being bastinadoed. [BW18:383]
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Muhammad-Hasan Khan-i-Kashi; Borujerd, Iran; Shíráz, Iran; Iran | |
1870 Oct 187- |
Bahá'u'lláh was moved to the house of Malik in the Fákhúrah quarter, in the western part of `Akká. [BBRXXIX, 209; BKG315; GPB189; RB3:221]
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* Bahaullah (chronology); Bahá'u'lláh, Houses of; House of Malik; Akka, Israel | |
1870 29 Sep 187- |
Mírzá `Abdu'l-Ghaffár effected his escape from Cyprus and rejoins Bahá'u'lláh in `Akká. [BBR306] | Mírzá `Abdu'l-Ghaffar; Cyprus; Akka, Israel | |
1870 1 - 2 Sep 187- |
Battle of Sedan. Napoleon III suffered defeat at the hands of Kaiser Wilhelm I. It resulted in the capture of Emperor Napoleon III and large numbers of his troops and for all intents and purposes decided the war in favour of Prussia and its allies, though fighting continued under a new French government. Napoleon went into exile in England, where he died in 1873.
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Franco-Prussian War; War; History (general); Napoleon III; Kaiser Wilhelm I; Kitáb-i-Aqdas (Most Holy Book); Sedan, France; France; Germany; United Kingdom | |
1870 19 Jul – 1871 10 May 187- |
Franco-Prussian War was a conflict between the Second French Empire of Napoleon III and the German states of the North German Confederation led by the Kingdom of Prussia. The conflict was caused by Prussian ambitions to extend German unification and French fears of the shift in the European balance of power that would result if the Prussians succeeded.
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Franco-Prussian War; War; History (general); Napoleon III; Germany; France | |
1870 Jul 187- |
The Roman Catholic Vatican Council under Pope Pius IX formulated the doctrine of papal infallibility. Shortly afterwards Italian forces under Victor Emmanuel II attacked the Papal States and seize and occupy Rome, virtually extinguishing the temporal sovereignty of the pope. [GPB227; PDC54]
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Pope Pius IX; - Popes; - Christianity; History (general); Rome, Italy; Italy | |
1870 23 Jun 187- |
Mírzá Mihdí died from his injuries 22 hours after his fall. [BKG311–12; GPB188; RB3:208]
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Mírzá Mihdi (Purest Branch); Births and deaths; In Memoriam; Cemeteries and graves; Akka, Israel | |
1870 22 Jun 187- |
Mírzá Mihdí, the Purest Branch, fell through the skylight in the roof of the prison in `Akká onto a crate lying on the floor below. [BKG311–12; GBP188; RB3:205]
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Mírzá Mihdi (Purest Branch); Qasidiyyih-Varqaiyyih (Ode of the Dove); Citadel; Sacrifice; Pilgrimage; Pilgrims; First pilgrims; Akka, Israel | |
1870 14 Jan 187- |
Birth of May (or Mary) Ellis Bolles, prominent American Bahá'í teacher, in Englewood, New Jersey. [BFA1p141]
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May Maxwell (Bolles); Births and deaths; Dreams and visions; Englewood, NJ; New Jersey, USA; USA | |
1870 (In the year) 187- |
The Winkler Prins is a Dutch encyclopedia, founded by the Dutch poet and clergyman Anthony Winkler Prins (1817-1908) which ran through nine editions. The first was issued from 1870 to 1882 in 16 volumes, and the last, numbering 26 volumes, from 1990 to 1993. This final edition, titled De Grote Winkler Prins (the Great Winkler Prins) is one of the most comprehensive works of its kind published so far in any country, containing more than 200,000 articles and references.
Prins, himself a trained minister having studied at the Seminar of Mennonites, also championed the cause of reconciliation between science and religion and was what has been termed "a radical pacificist". The first edition, while not containing a separate lemma for the Faith, mentions the "Babis" in passing in the article on Persia. From the second edition in 1884, there was mention of the term "Babi" in a quarter-page article. With the publication of each edition, the articles became more informed and for the general public, the Winkler Prins Encyclopedia was probably the most used source of information about the Bahá'í Faith until well after World War II. [Bahaigeschiedenis.nl; Wikipedia] |
Encyclopedias; Winkler Prins encyclopedia; Mennonite; Mentions; Netherlands | |
1870 (In the year) 187- |
`Údí Khammár completed the restoration and expansion of the mansion at Bahjí originally built by `Abdu'lláh Páshá in 1821. [BBD42, 128; DH106-107]
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Udi Khammar; `Abdu'lláh Páshá; Bahji, Israel; Inscriptions; House of Bahá'u'lláh (Bahji); Restoration; Akka, Israel | |
1870 (In the year) 187- |
In Zanján, Áqá Siyyid Ashraf was arrested, condemned to death as a Bábí and executed. [BWG470]
|
Aqa Siyyid Ashraf; Mir Jalil; Persecution, Iran; - Persecution, Arrests; - Persecution, Deaths; - Persecution, Other; - Persecution; Zanjan, Iran; Iran | |
1870 (In the year) 187- |
Násiri'd-Dín Sháh maded a pilgrimage to the shrines in Iraq. In preparation for his visit the Bahá'ís were rounded up, arrested and exiled. [BBR267; BBRSM90; BKG441]
|
Nasirid-Din Sháh; Persecution, Iraq; - Persecution, Arrests; - Persecution; Iraq; Iran | |
1869 25 Dec 186- |
A mob attacked the Bahá'ís in Fárán, Khurásán, Iran, and two were severely beaten. [BW18:383] | Persecution, Iran; - Persecution, Mobs; - Persecution; Faran, Iran; Khurásán, Iran; Iran | |
1869 17 Nov 186- |
The Suez Canal was opened to navigation. At this time the canal was164km (102 miles) long and 8 metres (26 feet) deep, 72 feet wide at the bottom, and 200 to 300 feet wide at the surface. Consequently, fewer than 500 ships navigated it in its first full year of operation. Major improvements began in 1876 and by 1887 night navigation was allowed, a measure that doubled its capacity.
|
Suez Canal; Unity; Teaching; Port Said, Egypt; Egypt | |
1869 Jul 186- |
Badí` delivered the Tablet of Bahá'u'lláh to the Sháh. He was tortured and executed. [BBRXXXIX; BKG300; BW18:383; RB3:184–6]
|
Badi (Mírzá Aqa Buzurg-i-Nishapuri); - Apostles of Bahá'u'lláh; - Shahs; Nasirid-Din Sháh; Lawh-i-Sultan (Tablet to Nasirid-Din Shah); Tablets to kings and rulers; Persecution, Iran; - Persecution, Deaths; - Persecution; Iran | |
1869 12 May 186- |
Birth of Clara Davis Dunn, Hand of the Cause, in London. | Clara Dunn; - Hands of the Cause; Hands of the Cause, Births and deaths; Births and deaths; London, England; United Kingdom | |
1869 1 May 186- |
Nabíl met Bahá'u'lláh. [RB3:57] | Nabil-i-Azam; Akka, Israel | |
1869 Feb 186- |
Nabíl made a second attempt to enter `Akká. He was able to remain for 81 days and met Mírzá Áqá Ján and others but did not see Bahá'u'lláh. [BKG291; RB3:57]
|
Nabil-i-Azam; Akka, Israel | |
1869 (In the year) 186- |
The Tablet of Fu'ád, was revealed in 1869, soon after the premature death in Nice, France, of Fu'ád Pasha, the foreign minister of the Sultan and a faithful accomplice of the Prime Minister in bringing about the exile of Bahá'u'lláh to 'Akká. It was revealed in honour of one of Bahá'u'lláh's most devoted apostles, Shaykh Káẓim-i-Samandar (father of the late Hand of the Cause of God Ṭaráẓu'lláh Samandarí). The Tablet contains a clear prediction of the downfall of 'Álí Páshá and of the Sultan himself. [Three Momentous Years in The Bahá'í World] | Tablet of Fuad; Fuad Páshá; Shaykh Kazim-i-Samandari; * Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; Akka, Israel | |
1869 (In the year) 186- |
The 17-year-old Áqá Buzurg-i-Níshápúrí, Badí`, arrived in `Akká having walked from Mosul. He was able to enter the city unsuspected. [BKG297; RB3:178]
|
Badi (Mírzá Aqa Buzurg-i-Nishapuri); Lawh-i-Sultan (Tablet to Nasirid-Din Shah); Suriy-i-Haykal (Surih of the Temple); Tablets to kings and rulers; Nasirid-Din Sháh; Persecution, Iran; - Persecution, Deaths; - Persecution; - Apostles of Bahá'u'lláh; Youth; Akka, Israel; Mosul, Iraq; Iraq; Tehran, Iran; Iran | |
1869 (In the year) 186- |
Franz Josef, Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary, made a pilgrimage to Jerusalem but failed to enquire after Bahá'u'lláh. [KAN116] | Franz Josef; * Bahaullah (chronology); Tablets to kings and rulers; Jerusalem, Israel; Israel; Hungary | |
1869 Early in the year 186- |
Hájí Amín-i-Iláhí arrived in `Akká from Iran and was the first pilgrim to see Bahá'u'lláh. [DH33]
|
Hájí Amin (Abu'l-Hasan-i-Ardikani); Public baths (bathhouses); Pilgrims; First pilgrims; Akka, Israel | First pilgrim to see Bahá'u'lláh in `Akká |
1869 – 1872 186- |
A great famine occurred in Iran in which about 10 per cent of the population died and a further 10 per cent emigrated. [BBRSM86; GPB233] | Iran, General history; Famine; History (general); Iran | |
1868 end Oct 186- |
Nabíl entered `Akká in disguise but was recognized and after three days was expelled from the city. [BKG290–1; GPB188; RB3:57]
|
Nabil-i-Azam; Akka, Israel | |
1868 30 Oct 186- |
Christoph Hoffman, founder of the Templers, and Georg David Hardegg, his principal lieutenant, landed in Haifa to gather the Children of God in Jerusalem in preparation for the Second Coming of Christ. Hardegg remained in Haifa to head the Tempelgesellschaft while Hoffman went to Jaffa in 1869 to found a school and a hospital there. [BBD224; BBR204, 2, 15–16; DH133, SBBH1p215-218]
The Templers flourished in Palestine for nearly 80 years; they even survived the British occupation during World War I when many Templers were deported and interned in Egypt. Palestine was a British Mandated Territory from 1923 until 1948. Great Britain's entry into World War II signalled the end for the Templers in Palestine. The settlements of Wilhelma, Sarona, Betlehem and Waldheim were turned into internment camps, housing close to 2,000 people. In 1941, a large number of Templers (536) was deported to Australia along with 129 other German nationals. The last remaining Templers were expelled in 1948 when the State of Israel was established. [TSA website] |
Christoph Hoffman; Georg David Hardegg; Templer Society (German Templer colony); * Bahaullah (chronology); Lawh-i-Hirtik (Tablet to Hardegg); Interfaith dialogue; - Christianity; Prophecies; History (general); Haifa, Israel; Jaffa, Israel; Israel; Palestine | |
1868 c. Oct 186- |
Nabíl was released from prison in Egypt and departed for `Akká. [BKG290–1; RB3:57]
|
Nabil-i-Azam; Cairo, Egypt; Egypt; Akka, Israel; Cyprus | |
1868 (End of summer) 186- |
Bahá'u'lláh revealed the Lawh-i-Ra'ís (Tablet to the Chief) to Alí Páshá to condemn him for his cruelty and inhuman treatment of His followers. [Lawh-i-Raís: Tablet Study Outline]
|
* Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; Lawh-i-Rais (Tablet to Sultan Ali Pasha); Tablet to the Chief; Akka, Israel | |
1868 5 Sep 186- |
The ship that had delivered the exiles to 'Akká carried on and Mírzá Yahyá arrived in Cyprus with his entire family but without a single disciple or even a servant. [BBR306]
|
Mishkin-Qalam; Mírzá Aliy-i-Sayyah-i-Maraghihi (Mulla Adi-Guzal); Aqa `Abdu'l-Ghaffar; Aqa Muhammad-Baqir (Qahvih-chiy-i Mahallati); Mírzá Yahya (Subh-i-Azal); Exile (banishment); Cyprus exiles; First Bahá'ís by country or area; Islands; Austrian Lloyd steam ships; Ships; Famagusta, Cyprus; Cyprus | the first island in the Mediterranean to receive the Faith. |
1868 3 Sep 186- |
The firmán of the Sultán `Abdu'l-`Azíz condemning Bahá'u'lláh to life imprisonment was read out in the Mosque of Al-Jazzár. [BKG284–5; GPB186; RB3:18]
|
* Bahaullah (chronology); Bahá'u'lláh, Banishment of; Firmans; Mosque of Al-Jazzar; Akka, Israel; Israel | |
1868 (After summer) 186- |
The second Lawh-i-Salmán was revealed in Akka sometime shortly after the summer 1868, so known because in the Tablet Bahá'u'lláh mentions the exile of the believers from Baghdad to Mosul, which occurred in that summer. It was revealed for Shaykh Khánjar Hindiyani, named Shaykh Salmán by Bahá'u'lláh in honour of the loyal disciple of Muhammad whom that Prophet re-named as "Salmán.
Parts of this Tablet has been translated in Gleanings XXI, CXLVIII, and CLIV, and one paragraph was translated in Promised Day is Come 115-16. [RoB2p281-290; Uplifting Words; Wilmette Institute notes on the Tablets of the Báb and Bahá'u'lláh ] |
Shaykh Salman; Lawh-i-Salman II; * Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; Akka, Israel | |
1868 31 Aug 186- |
The ship arrived in Haifa in the early morning. [BKG269; GPB182; RB3:11]
|
* Bahaullah (chronology); Bahá'u'lláh, Banishment of; Mishkin-Qalam; Aqa `Abdu'l-Ghaffar; Mírzá Jafar; Citadel; Prophecies; Cyprus exiles; Exile (banishment); Firsts, other; * Bahá'u'lláh, Basic timeline; - Basic timeline, Expanded; - Bahá'í World Centre buildings, monuments and gardens; - Bahá'í World Centre; Austrian Lloyd steam ships; Ships; Haifa, Israel; Famagusta, Cyprus; Akka, Israel; Israel; Cyprus | First night in citadel in `Akká |
1868 30 Aug 186- |
The ship arrived at Jaffa at sunset. At midnight the ship left for Haifa. [BKG168] | * Bahaullah (chronology); Bahá'u'lláh, Banishment of; Ships; Jaffa, Israel; Haifa, Israel; Israel | |
1868 29 Aug 186- |
In the morning the ship arrived in Port Said. At nightfall it traveled on to Jaffa. [BKG268] | * Bahaullah (chronology); Bahá'u'lláh, Banishment of; Ships; Port Said, Egypt; Jaffa, Israel; Israel | |
1868 26 - 27 Aug 186- |
The steamer carrying Bahá'u'lláh and His companions docked at Alexandria, early in the morning. [BKG267-2368; RB3:6]
The second is titled Baha'u'llah's Welcome to the First Christian Baha'i. The third - The First Christian Baha'i, and His Letter to Baha'u'llah. The fourth - Baha'u'llah Replies to the First Christian Baha'i—and to All Christians. And the fifth and final instalment - Baha'u'llah's Most Holy Tablet—to the Christians. |
* Bahaullah (chronology); Bahá'u'lláh, Banishment of; Nabil-i-Azam; Gifts; Austrian Lloyd steam ships; Ships; Faris Effendi; * Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; Alexandria, Egypt; Egypt | The First Christian to Become a Baha’i |
1868 23 Aug 186- |
The steamer left Smyrna at night for Alexandria, which she reached on the morning two days later. [BKG265] | * Bahaullah (chronology); Bahá'u'lláh, Banishment of; Ships; Smyrna, Turkey; Turkey; Alexandria, Egypt; Egypt | |
1863 - 1868 186- |
See Bibliography for the Tablets of Baha'u'llah: List of citations and resources for Tablets revealed 1863-1868 compiled by Jonah Winters.
|
* Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; Istanbul, Turkey; Edirne, Turkey | |
1868 22 Aug 186- |
Soon after sunrise the ship arrived at Smyrna. [BKG264]
|
* Bahaullah (chronology); Bahá'u'lláh, Banishment of; Mírzá Aqay-i-Kashani; Smyrna, Turkey; Turkey | |
1868 21 Aug 186- |
Bahá'u'lláh and His companions left Gallipoli on an Austrian-Lloyd steamer. [BKG263; GPB182; RB2:411]
|
* Bahaullah (chronology); Bahá'u'lláh, Banishment of; Ships; Mishkin-Qalam; Mírzá Aliy-i-Sayyah-i-Maraghihi (Mulla Adi-Guzal); Aqa `Abdu'l-Ghaffar; Aqa Muhammad-Baqir (Qahvih-chiy-i Mahallati); Mírzá Yahya (Subh-i-Azal); Exile (banishment); Cyprus exiles; * Bahá'u'lláh, Basic timeline; - Basic timeline, Expanded; Austrian Lloyd steam ships; Ships; Gallipoli, Turkey; Smyrna, Turkey; Famagusta, Cyprus; Turkey; Cyprus | |
1868 16 Aug 186- |
They arrived in Gallipoli on the fifth day. [BKG260]
|
* Bahaullah (chronology); Bahá'u'lláh, Banishment of; Gallipoli, Turkey; Turkey | |
1868 15 Aug 186- |
The Bahá'ís imprisoned in Constantinople arrived in Gallipoli to be exiled with Bahá'u'lláh's party. [BKG260] | * Bahaullah (chronology); Bahá'u'lláh, Banishment of; Gallipoli, Turkey; Turkey | |
1868 12 Aug 186- |
Bahá'u'lláh, His family and companions, escorted by a Turkish captain and a number of soldiers, set out for Gallipoli. The tablet, Súriy-i-Ra'is (The Epistle to the Chief) was revealed in Arabic in honour of Ḥájí Muḥammad Ismá'íl-i-Káshání, entitled Dhabíḥ (Sacrifice) and Anís (Companion) by Bahá'u'lláh, and addresses 'Álí Páshá, the Ottoman Prime Minister, referred to here as Ra'ís (Chief or Ruler). [BKG260; GPB180; RB2:409-417; BBS141; SLH141-149]
|
* Bahaullah (chronology); Bahá'u'lláh, Banishment of; * Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; Suriy-i-Rais (Tablet to Sultan Ali Pasha); Lawh-i-Rais (Tablet to Sultan Ali Pasha); `Alí Páshá; Edirne, Turkey; Káshánih, Turkey; Gallipoli, Turkey; Turkey | |
1868 Aug 186- |
Mullá Muhammad-Ridá, Ridá'r-Rúh was poisoned in Yazd. [BW18:383] | Mulla Muhammad-Rida (Ridar-Ruh); Persecution, Iran; - Persecution, Other; - Persecution; Yazd, Iran; Iran | |
1868 Aug 186- |
One morning without warning Bahá'u'lláh's house was surrounded by soldiers. The inhabitants were rounded up and taken to government headquarters. They were told to make ready for their departure for Gallipoli. [BKG255; GPB179; RB2:403]
|
* Bahaullah (chronology); Bahá'u'lláh, Banishment of; * Bahá'u'lláh, Basic timeline; - Basic timeline, Expanded; Edirne, Turkey; Turkey | |
1868 26 Jul 186- |
Bahá'u'lláh's banishment to 'Akká
Sultán `Abdu'l-`Azíz, at the instigation of his Prime Minister, Ali Pasha, issued a firmán condemning Bahá'u'lláh to perpetual banishment. [BKG283–4; GPB179, 186; RB2:401–2] |
* Bahaullah (chronology); Bahá'u'lláh, Banishment of; Sultán `Abdu'l-Azíz; Khurshid Páshá; Firmans; Mírzá Yahya (Subh-i-Azal); * Bahá'u'lláh, Basic timeline; - Basic timeline, Expanded; Exile (banishment); Edirne, Turkey; Istanbul, Turkey; Turkey; Baghdad, Iraq; Iraq; Gallipoli, Turkey; Akka, Israel | |
1868 c. 21 Jul 186- |
Mírzá Abu'l-Qásim-i-Shírází was arrested in Egypt and money extorted from him. [BBR257–8; BKG243; GPB178] | Persecution, Iran; - Persecution, Arrests; - Persecution; Egypt | |
1868 c. Jul 186- |
Principal Bahá'ís in Baghdád were arrested by the Turkish authorities and exiled to Mosul and other places. [BBR265; BKG247; CH129–30; RB2:333]
|
Mírzá Muhammad-Hasan (King of Martyrs); Mírzá Muhammad-Husayn (Beloved of Martyrs); King of Martyrs and Beloved of Martyrs; Charity and relief work; Funds; Firsts, other; Persecution, Iraq; - Persecution, Arrests; - Persecution; Baghdad, Iraq; Mosul, Iraq; Iraq | First charity fund |
1868 c. 7 Jun 186- |
Nabíl had a dream in which Bahá'u'lláh appeared to him in his cell and assured him that he will have reason to rejoice within the next 81 days. [BKG267] | Nabil-i-Azam; Cairo, Egypt; Egypt | |
1868 c. May 186- |
Bahá'u'lláh sent Nabíl-i-A`zam Zarandi to Cairo to enquire after Hájí Mírzá Haydar-`Alí. He was instructed by Bahá'u'lláh to appeal to the officials for the release of several Bahá'ís who had been imprisoned in Cairo at the instigation of their enemies. He was thrown into prison in Cairo for two months and then in the Alexandria jail for a few more months. While there he befriended a Christian cellmate, Fáris Effendi, who soon becomes a Bahá'í. [BKG248, 265–8; EB268; GPB178; "Nabil-e aʿzam Zarandi, Mollā Mohammad," by Vahid Rafati, Encyclopædia Iranica]
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Nabil-i-Azam; Hájí Mírzá Haydar-`Alí (Angel of Carmel); Faris Effendi; Imprisonments; First believers by background; - Christianity; Conversion; Interfaith dialogue; * Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; Cairo, Egypt; Egypt | First Christian to become a Bahá'í |
1868 Apr 186- |
Seven Bahá'ís in Constantinople were arrested and interrogated by a commission of inquiry whose mandate it was to verify the claims of Bahá'u'lláh and Mírzá Yahyá. [BKG250–2; GPB179; MF99–100 RB2:3289]
|
Mishkin-Qalam; - Calligraphy; - Persecution; - Persecution, Arrests; Persecution, Turkey; Istanbul, Turkey; Turkey | |
1868 (In the year) 186- |
Hájí Mullá `Alí-i-Akbar-i-Shahmírzádí (later Hand of the Cause Hájí Ákhúnd) was imprisoned in Tihrán as a Bahá'í on the order of Mullá `Alí Kání. This is the first of many imprisonments. [EB266]
|
Hájí Ákhúnd (Mullá `Alí-Akbar-i-Shahmírzádí); Mulla Ali Kani; - Hands of the Cause; Tehran, Iran; Iran | |
1868 – 1870 186- |
During this period Bahá'u'lláh revealed a number of Tablets to rulers including the Lawh-i-Ra'ís to `Alí Páshá, His second Tablet to Napoleon III and Tablets to Czar Alexander II, Queen Victoria and Pope Pius IX. [BBD13]
...some of the most celebrated passages of that Book (Kitáb-i-Aqdas) to the Chief Magistrates of the entire American continent, bidding them "bind with the hands of justice the broken," and "crush the oppressor" with the "rod of the commandments" of their Lord. Unlike the kings of the earth whom He had so boldly condemned in that same Book, unlike the European Sovereigns whom He had either rebuked, warned or denounced, such as the French Emperor, the most powerful monarch of his time, the Conqueror of that monarch, the Heir of the Holy Roman Empire, and the Caliph of Islám, the Rulers of America were not only spared the ominous and emphatic warnings which He uttered against the crowned heads of the world, but were called upon to bring their corrective and healing influence to bear upon the injustices perpetrated by the tyrannical and the ungodly.[MA91] |
`Alí Páshá; Napoleon III; Pope Pius IX; - Popes; - Christianity; Queen Victoria; Tsar Alexander II; Suriy-i-Haykal (Surih of the Temple); Lawh-i-Napulyun (Tablet to Napoleon III); Lawh-i-Pap (Tablet to Pope Pius IX); Lawh-i-Malikih (Tablet to Queen Victoria); Lawh-i-Malik-i-Rus (Tablet to Alexander II); President Grant; Lawh-i-Rais (Tablet to Sultan Ali Pasha); Suriy-i-Haykal (Surih of the Temple); Tablets to kings and rulers; Summons of the Lord of Hosts (book); * Bahaullah (chronology); * Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; * Bahá'u'lláh, Basic timeline; - Basic timeline, Expanded; Haykal and daira; Akka, Israel | |
1867 Between March 1866 and August 1868 186- |
The Súratu'l-Haykal (Epistle of the Temple) was revealed during the years in Adrianople, and re-cast later in 'Akká in which messages addressed to individual potentates, Pope Pius IX, Napoleon III, Czar Alexander II, Queen Victoria and Násiri'd-Dín Sháh were incorporated. It was not written for a particular individual; when asked about the matter Bahá'u'lláh said that he himself was both the addresser and addressee.
"Ranked as 'one of Bahá'u'lláh's most challenging works', The Surih of the Temple was composed... during the turbulent period which saw the formation of a schism within the rank and file of the Bábí community,. This eloquent and incisive Arabic epistle combines a mystical and proclamatory style to enunciate Bahá'u'lláh's Mission to those among the Báb's followers who had failed to recognize His Revelation. " [BBS132] [Tablet of the Temple (Suratu'l-Haykal) by John Balbridge]
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* Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; Suriy-i-Haykal (Surih of the Temple); Edirne, Turkey; Akka, Israel | |
1867 Sep - Aug 1868 186- |
Bahá'u'lláh revealed the Súriy-Mulúk (Súrih of Kings). [BKG245; GPB171–2; RB2:301-336; BW19p584]
Chronological list of significant events related to Bahá'u'lláh's historic pronouncement in the Súriy-i-Múlúk
|
Suriy-i-Muluk (Surih to the Kings); Tablets to kings and rulers; History (general); Summons of the Lord of Hosts (book); * Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; * Bahaullah (chronology); - Basic timeline, Condensed; - Basic timeline, Expanded; * Bahá'u'lláh, Basic timeline; Edirne, Turkey; Turkey | |
1867 Sep - Aug 1868 186- |
Nabíl-i-A'zam was dispatched to Iraq and Iran to inform the Bábís of the advent of Bahá'u'lláh. He was further instructed to perform the rites of pilgrimage on Bahá'u'lláh's behalf in the House of the Báb and the Most Great House in Baghdad. [BKG250; EB224; GPB176–7]
|
Nabil-i-Azam; Pilgrims; Pilgrimage; First pilgrims; Khadijih Khanum; House of Bahá'u'lláh (Baghdad); Shíráz, Iran; Iran; Baghdad, Iraq; Iraq | The first pilgrimage to the House of Bahá'u'lláh in Baghdad |
1867 Sep - Aug 1868 186- |
In this period the extent of the Faith was enlarged with expansion in the Caucasus, the establishment of the first Egyptian centre and the establishment of the Faith in Syria. [GPB176]
|
Mírzá Yahya (Subh-i-Azal); Nabil-i-Azam; People of the Bayan; People of Bahá; Allah-u-Abha; Greatest Name; Most Great Separation; Caucasus; Egypt; Syria; Khurásán, Iran; Iran; Edirne, Turkey; Turkey | |
1867 Sep - Aug 1868 186- |
Persecutions began anew in Ádharbáyján, Zanján, Níshápúr and Tihrán. [GPB178] | Persecution, Adharbayjan; Persecution, Iran; - Persecution; Azerbaijan; Zanjan, Iran; Nishapur, Iran; Tehran, Iran; Iran | |
1867 Sep 186- |
Thinking that He will not accept, Mírzá Yahyá, prodded on by Mír Muhammad, challenged Bahá'u'lláh to a public confrontation in the mosque of Sultán Salím. In the end, it was Mírzá Yahyá who did not appear. [BKG239–41; GPB168–9; RB2:291–300, SDH22]
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Mírzá Yahya (Subh-i-Azal); Mir Muhammad; * Bahaullah (chronology); Confrontation; Mosques; Challenges; Edirne, Turkey; Turkey | |
1867 Sep - Aug 1868 186- |
Bahá'u'lláh revealed the Kitáb-i-Badí', the Munájátháy-i-Síyám (Prayers for Fasting), the first Tablet to Napoleon III, the Lawh-i-Sultán written to Násiri'd-Dín Sháh, and the Súriy-i-Ra'ís. [BKG245; GBP172]
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* Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; * Bahaullah (chronology); Tablets to kings and rulers; Kitáb-i-Badi (Wondrous Book); Munajathay-i-Siyam (Prayers for Fasting); Prayer; Lawh-i-Napulyun (Tablet to Napoleon III); Napoleon III; Lawh-i-Sultan (Tablet to Nasirid-Din Shah); Nasirid-Din Sháh; Suriy-i-Rais (Tablet to Sultan Ali Pasha); `Alí Páshá; Suriy-i-Ghusn (Tablet of the Branch); * `Abdu'l-Bahá (chronology); Firsts, other; * Bahá'u'lláh, Basic timeline; - Basic timeline, Expanded; Shaykh Salman; Lawh-i-Salman I; Edirne, Turkey; Turkey | First time Bahá'u'lláh directs His words collectively to entire company of monarchs of East and West; first Egyptian centre established; first pilgrimages to residence of Bahá'u'lláh |
1867 Sep 186- |
"The Most Great Idol" was cast out of the community. Mírzá Yahyá's henceman, Siyyíd Muhammad, convinced Yahyá to challenge Bahá'u'lláh to to face-to-face encounter in the mosque of Sultán Salím in a distant part of the city, believing that Bahá'u'lláh would not show. Bahá'u'lláh immediately set out to walk to the appointed mosque. Upon learning this Mírzá Yahyá postponed the interview for a day or two. Bahá'u'llah returned to His home and revealed a Tablet to be delivered to Siyyíd Muhammad when he produced a sealed note stating that should Mírzá Yahyá fail to appear at the trysting-place, he would produce a document refuting Yahyá's claims. Neither were forthcoming and the Tablet to Siyyid Muhammad remained undelivered. Prior to this the community had been divided however this incident firmly established His ascendency. The Covenant of the Báb had prevailed [GPB168-170] |
* Bahaullah (chronology); Mírzá Yahya (Subh-i-Azal); Siyyid Muhammad; Covenant-breakers; Edirne, Turkey; Turkey | |
1867 Sep - Aug 1868 186- |
Bahá'u'lláh addressed a Tablet to to Mullá-'Alí Akbar-i-Sháhmírzádí and Jamál-i-Burújirdí in Tehran to transfer the casket containing the remains of the Báb from the Imám-Zádih Ma'súm to a safer hiding place so they temporarily concealed it within a wall of the Masjid-i-Máshá'u'lláh outside of the gates of the city of Tehran. After the hiding place was detected the casket was smuggled into the city and deposited in the house of Mírzá Hasan-i-Vazír, a believer and son-in-law of Hájí Mírzá Siyyid 'Alíy-i-Tafríshí, the Majdu'l-Ashráf. [GPB177; ISC-1963p32] | Báb, Burial of; Báb, Remains of; Hájí Ákhúnd (Mullá `Alí-Akbar-i-Shahmírzádí); Jamal-i-Burujirdi; Imam-Zadih Masum; Tehran, Iran; Iran | |
1867 c. Aug 186- |
Bahá'u'lláh refused to draw the allowance granted Him by the Ottoman government. [RB2:327]
|
* Bahaullah (chronology); Ottoman government; Mírzá Yahya (Subh-i-Azal); Edirne, Turkey; Turkey | |
1867 c. Jun (or later) 186- |
Bahá'u'lláh rented the house of 'Izzat Áqá where He and His family lived until their departure from Adrianople. [BKG239; GPB168; ALM39]
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Bahá'u'lláh, Houses of; * Bahaullah (chronology); House of Izzat Aqa; Houses; Edirne, Turkey; Turkey | |
1867 Apr 186- |
The appeal by 53 Bahá'ís "in Baghdád" addressed to the United States Congress arrived at the American Consulate in Beirut. [BBR265, Petition from the Persian Reformers]
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Petitions; United States government; Persecution, Iran; - Persecution, Other; - Persecution; Baghdad, Iraq; Shushtar, Iran | |
1867 c. Mar 186- |
Bahá'u'lláh moved back to the now empty house of Amru'lláh. [GPB168]
|
* Bahaullah (chronology); Bahá'u'lláh, Houses of; House of Amrullah; Edirne, Turkey; Turkey | |
1867 Jan or Feb 186- |
Mírzá Muhammad-'Alí, a Bahá'í physician, was executed in Zanján. [BBR253; BKG238; BW18:383] Áqá Najaf-'Alíy-i-Zanjání, a disciple of Hujjat, was executed in Tihrán. [BBR254; BW18:383] |
Persecution, Iran; - Persecution, Deaths; - Persecution; Zanjan, Iran; Tehran, Iran; Iran | |
1867 11 Jan 186- |
Three Bahá'ís were executed in Tabríz. Their arrest was precipitated by conflict and rivalry between the Azalís and the Bahá'ís. [BBR252–3; BKG237–8; BW18:382–3; RB2:61]
|
Azali Bábís; Persecution, Iran; - Persecution, Arrests; - Persecution, Deaths; - Persecution; Tabríz, Iran; Iran | |
1867 (In the year) 186- |
Birth of Mírzá Badí'u'lláh, fourth son of Bahá'u'lláh and Mahd-i'Ulyá in Adrianople. [BKG247] | Mírzá Badiullah; Bahá'u'lláh, Family of; Mahd-i-Ulya (Fatimih Khanum); Births and deaths; Edirne, Turkey; Turkey | |
1866 1 Dec 186- |
Birth of Marion Jack, prominent Bahá'í travel teacher, pioneer and artist, known affectionately as 'General jack' for her services to the Bahá'í community, in Saint John, New Brunswick.
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Marion Jack; Births and deaths; Saint John, NB; New Brunswick, Canada; Canada | |
1866 Dec 186- |
About a hundred Bahá'ís were arrested in Tabríz following a disturbance in which a Bábí is killed. [BBR251–3; BW18:382] | Persecution, Iran; - Persecution, Arrests; - Persecution; Tabríz, Iran; Iran | |
1866 14 Nov 186- |
The 'star-fall' of 1866. [RB2:270, 422–6]
The Rev. Robert Main, the Radcliffe Observer at Oxford, gave the following account of the meteorological phenomenon of Tuesday night last: -- '...This great display began about 13h. (or 1 o'clock in the morning), and reached its maximum at about 13h.24m., after which time it gradually began to slacken. The watch, however, was kept up till 18h., though after 15h., there were not many meteors seen. In all there were observed not fewer than 3,000 during the night, of which about 2,000 fell between 13h. and 14h., or between 1 a.m. and 2 a.m. As to the general appearance of the meteors, it was noticed that the majority of them were of a whitish or yellowish colour. Some, however, were reddish or orange-coloured, and one meteor was noticed to be bluish. The brightest left generally a train behind them, which was to be seen for a few seconds after the meteor disappeared.' (Adapted from 'The Revelation of Baha'u'llah', by Adib Taherzadeh, vol. 2) |
Falling stars; Signs; Prophecies; Lawh-i-Ibn-i-Dhib (Epistle to the Son of the Wolf); Bible; - Christianity | |
1866 - 1867 186- |
Lawh-i Nasir (The Tablet to Nasir). This Arabic and Persian scriptural Tablet was written around 1866-7 after the Azali-Baha'i `Most Great Separation'. It is a reply to a question of Hajji Muhammad Nasir Qazvini (d. Rasht, 1300/1883) about the position of Mirza Yahya Nuri who had challenged the claimed theophanic claims of Bahá'u'lláh. Therein Bahá'u'lláh maintains that "The origins [genesis] of this [Babi-Baha'i] Cause were concealed from all. No one was adequately aware thereof save two souls; one of these two being named Ahmad who suffered the martyrdom in the path of his Lord and returned unto the ultimate abode, while the other was he who was named [Mirza Musa Nuri] al-Kalim "the Speaker" ("He who [like Moses] conversed", with God) who at this moment can be found in our presence" (Majmu`a-yi Alwah-i Mubaraka, 174)". The largely Persian text of the Lawh-i Nasir can be found in MAM (Cairo : 1333/1920. Rep. 1978: 166-202). [UofCal MERCED] | * Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; Tablet to Nasir; Lawh-i Nasir; Edirne, Turkey | |
1866 10 Mar 186- |
Bahá'u'lláh and His family withdrew from the house of Amru'lláh, the residence shared with the exiles, and went to the house of Ridá Big. [BKG230; GPB167; RB2:162]
|
* Bahaullah (chronology); Bahá'u'lláh, Banishment of; House of Amrullah; Rida Big; Mírzá Yahya (Subh-i-Azal); Most Great Separation; Edirne, Turkey; Turkey | |
1866 c. Mar 186- |
Bahá'u'lláh revealed the Lawh-i-Bahá in honour of Khátún Ján, a believer and close friend of Táhirih. [RB2:171, 179]
|
Lawh-i-Bahá; Khatun Jan; Rida Big; Firsts, other; * Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; Edirne, Turkey; Turkey | first Tablet in which Bahá'u'lláh uses the term ‘people of Bahá' to refer to His followers |
1866 Mar 186- |
Khurshíd Páshá took up the governorship of Adrianople. [BBR487; BKG233] | Khurshid Páshá; - Governors; Edirne, Turkey; Turkey | |
1866 c. Mar 186- |
The Most Great Separation
Mírzá Yáhyá's behaviour could no longer be tolerated or concealed. Bahá'u'lláh revealed the Súriy-i-Amr (Súrih of Command) as a direct order to him. [CH60, 83, CB84; GBP166; BKG223-245]
|
* Bahaullah (chronology); Bahá'u'lláh, Banishment of; Suriy-i-Amr (Surih of Command); Tablet of the Nightingale and the Owl; Mírzá Yahya (Subh-i-Azal); Most Great Separation; Firsts, other; * Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; * Bahá'u'lláh, Basic timeline; - Basic timeline, Expanded; Edirne, Turkey; Turkey | |
1866 22 Feb 186- |
Nabil Zarandi received a letter from Bahá'u'lláh giving him permission to proclaim the new religion openly and to reveal what he had witnessed in Baghdad of the actions of Azal and Siyyid Muhammad Isfahani. Prior to this time he had been asked to conceal this information. Almost all of the Bábís in Tehran became Bahá'ís upon hearing this news. [BCI1p14]
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* Bahaullah (chronology); Nabil-i-Azam; Mírzá Yahya (Subh-i-Azal); Siyyid Muhammad-i-Isfahani; Tehran, Iran; Iran | |
1865 - 1866 186- |
Prior to and during the crisis that was to follow, Bahá'u'lláh began revealing Tablets at a prodigious rate. From about this time until approximately June, 1867 when He transferred His residence to the house of 'Izzat Áqá, Bahá'u'lláh had revealed the following Tablets among numerous others:
|
* Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; Suriy-i-Amr (Surih of Command); Lawh-i-Nuqtih (Tablet of the Point); Lawh-i-Ahmad (Tablet of Ahmad (Arabic)); Suriy-i-Ashab (Surah of the Companions); Lawh-i-Sayyah (Tablet of the Traveller); Suriy-i-Damm (Tablet of Blood); Suriy-i-Hajj; Lawhur-Ruh (Tablet of the Spirit); Lawh-i-Ridvan (Tablet of Ridvan); Lawhut-Tuqa (Tablet of Piety or the Fear of God); Edirne, Turkey; Turkey | |
1865 Nov 186- |
Nabil Zarandi arrived in Tehran where he remained for four months. At that time the proclamation of Baha'u'llah was not common knowledge although some had been commissioned to slowly reveal to the Babis of Tehran the extent of Azal's opposition to Baha'u'llah. [BCI1p14] | Tehran, Iran; Iran | |
1865 May 186- |
Bahá'u'lláh revealed the Law-i-Laylatu'l-Quds in honour of Darvish Sidq-'Alí*. In this Tablet He exhorts His followers to be united in such wise that all traces of division and estrangement may vanish from among them. [* MoF36-8; BKG482] [RoB2p188]
|
Law-i-Laylatul-Quds; Tablet of the Sacred Night; * Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; Edirne, Turkey | |
1865 17 May 186- |
The first international standards organization, the International Telegraph Union, was established in Paris where delegates were gathered in conference from 20 European states. The mandate was to help connect telegraphic networks between countries. The Union was tasked with implementing basic principles for international telegraphy which included the use of the Morse code as the international telegraph alphabet, the protection of the secrecy of correspondence, and the right of everybody to use the international telegraphy.
In 1906 Berlin was the host of a conference to consider radiotelegraph standards. It was attended by representatives of 29 nations and culminated in the International Radiotelegraph Convention. An annex to the convention eventually became known as ITU Radio Regulations. At the conference it was also decided that the Bureau of the International Telegraph Union would also act as the conference's central administrator. The name International Telecommunication Union was adopted in 1932 to reflect its expanded responsibilities over radio and the telephone. On 15 November 1947, the ITU entered into an agreement with the newly created United Nations to become a specialized agency within the UN system. The mandate of the ITU has broadened with the advent of new communications technologies. It promotes the shared global use of the radio spectrum, facilitates international cooperation in assigning satellite orbits, assists in developing and coordinating worldwide technical standards, and works to improve telecommunication infrastructure in the developing world. It is also active in the areas of broadband Internet, optical communications (including optical fibre technologies), wireless technologies, aeronautical and maritime navigation, radio astronomy, satellite-based meteorology, TV broadcasting, amateur radio, and next-generation networks. Based in Geneva, Switzerland with regional offices on every continent. the ITU's global membership included 193 countries as well as more than 1,000 businesses, academic institutions, and international and regional organizations. [ITU Website] |
United Nations; International relations; International Standards; Geneva, Switzerland; Switzerland; Paris, France; France; Berlin, Germany; Germany | |
1865 Mar 186- |
Death of former Prime Minister Mírzá Áqá Khán, in Qum. He was buried at Karbalá. [BBR165] | - Prime Ministers; Mírzá Aqa Khan; Qom, Iran; Iran; Karbala, Iraq; Iraq | |
1865 (In the year) 186- |
Mírzá Kazem-Beg of St Petersburg University published Bab Babidy, the first Western book written entirely on the subject of the Bábí religion. [BBR26] (Conflict: see 1905.) | Bábísm; Mírzá Kazem-Beg; - First publications; St. Petersburg, Russia; Russia | First Western book written entirely on the subject of the Bábí religion |
c. 1865 186- |
Bahá'u'lláh revealed the Arabic Tablet of Ahmad (Lawh-i-Ahmad) for Ahmad, a believer from Yazd. [RB2:107]
|
* Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; * Bahaullah (chronology); Lawh-i-Ahmad (Tablet of Ahmad (Arabic)); Ahmad of Yazd; * Bahá'u'lláh, Basic timeline; - Basic timeline, Expanded; Edirne, Turkey; Turkey; Yazd, Iran; Iran | |
1865 (In the year) 186- |
French diplomat Joseph Comte de Gobineau published Religions et les Philosophies dans l'Asie Centrale, over half of which is devoted to a study of the Bábí movement. He relied heavily on the Násikhu't-Taváríkh (The History to Abrogate All Previous Histories) written by Lisánu'l-Mulk. Bahá'u'lláh had condemned this account as "a falsification of history, one which even an infidel would not have had the effrontery to produce". [SUR36-37]
|
Comte de Gobineau; Bábísm; Edward Granville Browne; Mírzá Yahya (Subh-i-Azal); Matthew Arnold; France; Iran | |
1861 / 1865 186- |
Bahá'u'lláh revealed the Persian Tablet of Ahmad (Lawh-i-Ahmad-i-Fársi) sometime between 1864 and 1865 for Haji Mirza Ahmad-i-Kashani, "a self-professed devotee of His whose scandalous acts and insincere behaviour had outraged other members of Bahá'u'lláh's retinue. In this relatively long letter Bahá'u'lláh admonishes Mirza Ahmad and others like him to cast off their waywardness and direct themselves to the path of piety and righteousness." [BB.S118]
|
* Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; Lawh-i-Ahmad (Tablet of Ahmad (Persian)); Hájí Mírzá Ahmad-i-Kashani; Edirne, Turkey; Turkey | |
1864 Dec 186- |
Mírzá Yahyá began his attempts on Bahá'u'lláh's life about one year after the arrival of the exiles. He invited Bahá'u'lláh to a feast and shared a dish, half of which was laced with poison. Bahá'u'lláh was ill for 21 days following this attempt and was left with a shaking hand for the rest of His life.
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Mírzá Yahya (Subh-i-Azal); Bahá'u'lláh, Attempts on; Poison; Ustad Muhammad-`Alí Salmáni; Doctor Shishman; Public baths (bathhouses); Edirne, Turkey; Turkey | |
1864 c. During the time in Adrianople 186- |
In their efforts to discredit Bahá'u'lláh and His companions, the followers of Azál made complaints to the authorities. They alleged that they had insufficient means of livelihood, blaming Bahá'u'lláh for depriving them of their share of the allowances. Àqá Ján Kajkuláh, instigated by Siyyid Muhammad, wrote to dignitaries and government representatives with the false accusation that Bahá'u'lláh had made an alliance with Bulgaria for the purpose of conquering Constantinople.
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Mírzá Yahya (Subh-i-Azal); Aqa Jan Kajkulah; Siyyid Muhammad-i-Isfahani; Antichrist; Edirne, Turkey; Turkey | |
1864 Dec 186- |
Death of Governor Sulaymán Páshá of Adrianople. He was succeeded by 'Árif Páshá, who was not well-disposed to Bahá'u'lláh and His followers. [BBR487] | - Governors; Sulayman Pasha; Arif Páshá; * Bahaullah (chronology); Edirne, Turkey; Turkey | |
1864 c. 186- |
After years of imprisonment in Tehran, Àbdu'r '-Rasúl-Qumí visited Bahá'u'lláh in Adrianople then took up residence in Baghdad, caring for the garden of the House of Bahá'u'lláh. He was well-known to the Muslims and a target of their attacks. One morning as he was carrying skins of water from the Tigris River he was ambushed by a number of attackers and was mortally wounded. He managed to disperse the assailants, drag himself to the garden where he watered the flowers for the last time. His name was mentioned in many Tablets of Bahá'u'lláh, consoling his family. His son was appointed caretaker of the pilgrims in 'Akká and he served in this capacity until the days of Shoghi Effendi. [FAA8] |
House of Bahá'u'lláh (Baghdad); Abdur-Rasul-Qumi; Gardeners; Caretakers; Murders; Baghdad, Iraq; Iraq; Edirne, Turkey; Turkey; Akka, Israel | |
1864 c. During time in Adrianople 186- |
At some point near the end of His life the Báb had consigned His remaining papers, His seal, His qalam-dán (pencil-box) and His last Tablets to Mírzá 'Abdu'l-Karím Qazvíní with instructions to deliver them to Mírzá Husayn-'Alí Núrí should something happen to Himself. In His last Tablets, Mírzá Husayn-'Alí Núrí was referred to again and again as "Him Whom God shall make Manifest" also, He was referred to as "Bahá'u'lláh". Mírzá 'Abdu'l-Karím Qazvíní fulfilled this trust and these items remained in the possession of Bahá'u'lláh until the days of Adrianople. When Mírzá Yáhyá asked permission to see these articles Bahá'u'lláh consented but they were never returned. Yahyá kept these items as a support of his claim to leadership asserting that the Báb had given them to him. [CH49] | * Báb, The (chronology); * Bahaullah (chronology); * Báb, Writings of; Mírzá `Abdu'l-Karim Qazvini; Mírzá Yahya (Subh-i-Azal); Box with writings; Boxes; Relics; - Missing, lost or destroyed Writings; Edirne, Turkey; Turkey | |
1864 (between Jun and Oct) 186- |
Bahá'u'lláh and His family moved to the house of Amru'lláh (The Cause of God) located to the north of the Mosque of Sultán Salím and close to it. They occupied the upper floor, Mírzá Muhammad-Qulí and his family the middle one and some of the attendants were housed on the ground floor. Other houses were found in the same quarter, one for Áqáy-i-Kalím and his family and one for Mírzá Yahyá and his. [BKG221, ALM35]
|
House of Amrullah; Bahá'u'lláh, Houses of; * Bahaullah (chronology); Edirne, Turkey; Turkey | |
1864 15 Aug 186- |
Birth of Mírzá Díyá'u'lláh, the third son of Bahá'u'lláh and Mahdi-'Ulyá. [BKG222] | Mírzá Diyaullah; Bahá'u'lláh, Family of; Mahd-i-Ulya (Fatimih Khanum); Births and deaths; Edirne, Turkey; Turkey | |
1864 Apr 186- |
Shaykh Muhammad-Baqir, 'the Wolf', ordered the arrest of several hundred Bábis and had them brought to Iṣfahán. Mirzá Habibu'lláh and Ustzád Husayn-'Ali-i-Khayyat were executed and a number of the prisoners were sent on to Ṭihrán where they languished in prison for several months before being set free. On their return to Iṣfahán, Haji Mullá Hasan and Hájí Muhammad-Sádiq were beaten and then executed in June. [BW18p382] | Shaykh Muhammad-Baqir; The Wolf; Persecution, Iran; Najaf, Iranabad, Iran; Isfahan, Iran; Iran | |
1864 Apr 186- |
Sulaymán Páshá, a Súfí, succeeded Muhammad Pásháy-i-Qibrisí as Governor of Adrianople. Both were admirers of Bahá'u'lláh. [CH59, BBR487; BKG254] | Sulayman Pasha; Sufism; Muhammad Pashay-i-Qibrisi; - Governors; Edirne, Turkey; Turkey | |
1864 Apr 186- |
Upheaval at Najafábád
|
Shaykh Muhammad-Baqir; Wolf; Najafabad upheaval; - Upheavals; Najaf, Iranabad, Iran; Isfahan, Iran; Tehran, Iran; Iran | |
1864 27 Mar 186- |
Birth of A. L. M. Nicolas (pen name of Louis Alphonse Daniel Nicolas), who later became an important European scholar on the life and teachings of the Báb, in Rasht. [BBR516] | A.L.M. Nicolas; Births and deaths; Rasht, Iran; Iran; - Europe | |
1864 Circa. 1864 186- |
Bahá'u'lláh revealed the Suriy-i- 'Ibad (Tablet of the Servants) for Siyyid Mihdíy-i-Dahájí Ismu'lláh, who, at that time, was the custodian of the Most Great House in Baghdad.
In it the urges him to live a pious life, to cleanse his heart from the defilement of the world, and to become detached from his own self and all created things. Bahá'u'lláh extols His own Essence, and states that for many years He had revealed the Words of God in great profusion while hiding His glory behind many veils of concealment. When the appointed hour had struck, however, He unveiled His exalted station and shed an infinitesimal measure of the light of His countenance upon all created things. As a result of this outpouring, the Concourse on high and the chosen ones of God were awestruck and dumbfounded. [RoB2p274] |
Suriy-i-Ibad; Siyyid Mihdiy-i-Dahaji; Covenant-breakers; Edirne, Turkey | |
1864 (In the year) 186- |
Birth of Mírzá Hádí Shírází, the father of Shoghi Effendi, in Shíráz. | Mírzá Hadi Shirazi; Shoghi Effendi, Family of; Births and deaths; Shíráz, Iran; Iran | |
1864 (or early in the sojourn in Edirne) 186- |
'Abdu'l-Bahá wrote the Sharh-i Kuntu Kanzan Makhfiyan, the commentary on the well-known Islamic tradition 'I was a Hidden Treasure …' for 'Alí Shawkat Páshá.
As per a 1995 article prepared for The Bahá'í Encyclopedia, it was previously believed that 'Abdu'l-Bahá was 17 years old at the time of writing, if so, this would have dated the Tablet at about 1861. Given that this new evidence proves that it was written in Edirne, He would have been 19 years old but more probably in his early twenties. [Thanks to Necati Alkan for providing this correction and to Adib Masumian for doing the translation at his request.] iiiii |
* `Abdu'l-Bahá, Writings and talks of; * `Abdu'l-Bahá (chronology); Sharh-i Kuntu Kanzan Makhfiyan (Commentary on the tradition of the Hidden Treasure); Commentaries; Hadith; - Islam; Hidden Treasure (Hadith); * Philosophy; `Alí Shawkat Páshá; * Bahaullah (chronology); * `Abdu'l-Bahá, Basic timeline; - Basic timeline, Expanded; Necati Alkan; Adib Masumian; Edirne, Turkey; Turkey | |
1863 c.22 Dec - 22 Jun or 22 Oct 186- |
Bahá'u'lláh and His family spent about six to ten months in another house in the Murádíyyih quarter near the Takyiy-i-Mawlaví. Those who were still in the caravanserai moved to the house thus vacated. Next door to this house a place was rented for Áqáy Ridá, Mírzá Yahyá and their families. [BW19p584; BKG221]
During this time He revealed the following: |
Bahá'u'lláh, Houses of; * Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; Edirne, Turkey; Turkey | |
1863-1873 186- |
During this period Bahá'u'lláh made His proclamation to the kings and rulers.
Also during this period the decline and breakdown of the Ottoman Empire continued. It was often referred to as the "Sick Man of Europe." This decline was characterized by administrative inefficiency, territorial losses, and the rise of nationalist movements in many of its provinces.
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* Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; Tablets to kings and rulers; Colonialism and imperialism; History (general); Moldavia | |
1863 c. 12 - 21 Dec 186- |
Bahá'u'lláh and His family stayed for one week at a house in the Murádíyyih quarter of the city, in the north-eastern section near Takyiy-i-Mawlavi. The house was located on high ground with a good view of the city and close to the Muradiyyih mosque. The rest of the exiles remained at the inn. [BKG218] During this time He revealed:
|
* Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; Bahá'u'lláh, Houses of; Edirne, Turkey; Turkey | |
1863 Dec 186- |
Bahá'u'lláh and His party spent three nights in the Khán-i-'Aráb caravanserai. [BKG218] | Bahá'u'lláh, Houses of; Edirne, Turkey; Turkey | |
1863 12 Dec 186- |
Bahá'u'lláh in Adrianople
Bahá'u'lláh and His companions arrived in Adrianople (the "remote prison") ("The Land of Mystery") (GPB174). It would be here where the sun of His revelation would ascend to its zenith, where He proclaimed the Message of His revelation to the whole world. [BKG206; GPB161; RB2:62]
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* Bahaullah (chronology); Bahá'u'lláh, Houses of; Bahá'u'lláh, Banishment of; Firsts, other; * Bahá'u'lláh, Basic timeline; - Basic timeline, Expanded; Land of Mystery; Edirne, Turkey; Turkey; - Europe | |
1863 1 Dec 186- |
Bahá'u'lláh and His companions left Constantinople for Adrianople. Carriages, wagons and pack animals were provided as well as ox-carts for their possessions. [BKG204; GPB161; RB2:427; ALM22]
|
* Bahaullah (chronology); Bahá'u'lláh, Banishment of; Winter; * Bahá'u'lláh, Basic timeline; - Basic timeline, Expanded; Exile (banishment); Istanbul, Turkey; Edirne, Turkey; Turkey | |
1863 Dec 186- |
Prelude to the exile from Constantinople:
|
* Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; Lawh-i-`Abdu'l-Aziz-Va-Vukala (Tablet to the Sultan); Mírzá Husayn Khan; Hájí Mírzá Hasan-i-Safa; Mírzá Yahya (Subh-i-Azal); Sultán `Abdu'l-Azíz; - Missing, lost or destroyed Writings; Istanbul, Turkey; Edirne, Turkey; Turkey | |
1863 Sep 186- |
Because the Shamsi Big residence was too small Bahá'u'lláh and His family were moved to the house of Visi Pasha, situated near the mosque of Sultan Fatih Mehmet. They spend three months in this residence. [ALM21] | Visi Pasha; Bahá'u'lláh, Houses of; Shamsi Big; Istanbul, Turkey; Turkey | |
1863 16 Aug -16 Sep 186- |
Bahá'u'lláh was resident in the House of Shamsí Big near the mosque of Khirqiu-i-Sharifh. During this period He revealed:
|
* Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; Lawh-i-Naqus (Tablet of the Bell); Hájí Mírzá Haydar-`Alí (Angel of Carmel); Báb, Declaration of; * Bahaullah (chronology); * Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; Istanbul, Turkey; Turkey; Egypt | |
1863 c. Aug - Nov 186- |
Death of Sádhijíyyih, 18-month-old daughter of Bahá'u'lláh and Mahd-i-'Ulyá. Her body was buried in a plot of land outside the Ádirnih Gate of Constantinople. [BKG203] | Sadhijiyyih; Bahá'u'lláh, Family of; Mahd-i-Ulya (Fatimih Khanum); Edirne Gate; Istanbul, Turkey; Turkey | |
1863 16 Aug - 1 Dec 186- |
Bahá'u'lláh in Constantinople
"spot that art situate on the shores of the two seas" [KA217] Upon arrival He and His family were driven to the residence of Shamsi Big near the Sharif Mosque. They stayed here about one month. His companions were given accommodation elsewhere in the city. [BKG197, 204; GPB157–61, HDBFXXVIII] |
* Bahaullah (chronology); Bahá'u'lláh, Banishment of; Mathnaviyi-i Mubarak; Shamsi Big; Mírzá Yahya (Subh-i-Azal); Sultán `Abdu'l-Azíz; Lawh-i-`Abdu'l-Aziz-Va-Vukala (Tablet to the Sultan); - Grand Viziers; * Bahá'u'lláh, Basic timeline; - Basic timeline, Expanded; * Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; Istanbul, Turkey; Edirne, Turkey; Turkey | first among the sovereigns to receive the Divine Summons. |
1863 16 Aug 186- |
Bahá'u'lláh and His party arrived at Constantinople at noon. He was received with great honour by a government official appointed. At that time it was a city of about 100,000 inhabitants. [BKG197; GPB157; RB2:1]
|
* Bahaullah (chronology); Bahá'u'lláh, Banishment of; Mírzá Yahya (Subh-i-Azal); Istanbul, Turkey; Turkey | first time a Manifestation of God had set foot on the European continent. |
1863 13 Aug 186- |
Bahá'u'lláh and His party departed from Sámsún by steamer for Istanbul. [BKG196; GPB157]
|
* Bahaullah (chronology); Bahá'u'lláh, Banishment of; Ships; Samsun, Turkey; Sinope, Turkey; Anyabuli, Turkey; Istanbul, Turkey; Turkey | |
1863 9 May 186- |
Bahá'u'lláh and His party left Firayját for Istanbul although at this point the destination was unknown to the exiles. [CH57, GPB156; SA235; BKG176-178]
|
* Bahaullah (chronology); Bahá'u'lláh, Banishment of; Journeys; Caravans; Howdahs (hawdajs); Black Sea; Suriy-i-Hawdaj; * Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; Gawhar Khanum; Furughiyyih; Mírzá Mihdiy-i-Kashani; Lawh-i-Firayjat; Lawh-i-Firaq; Exile (banishment); Iraq; Turkey; Firayjat, Baghdad, Iraq; Samsun, Turkey; Istanbul, Turkey; Judaydih, Iraq; Dili-Abbas, Iraq; Qarih-Tapih, Iraq; Salahiyyih, Iraq; Dust-Khurmatu, Iraq; Tawuq, Iraq; Karkuk, Iraq; Irbil, Iraq; Bartallih, Iraq; Mosul, Iraq; Zakhu, Iraq; Jazirih, Iraq; Nisibin, Turkey; Hasan-Aqa, Turkey; Mardiin, Turkey; Diyar-Bakr, Turkey; Madan-Mis, Turkey; Kharput, Turkey; Madan-Nuqrih, Turkey; Dilik-Tash, Turkey; Sivas, Turkey; Tuqat, Turkey; Amasia, Turkey; Ilahiyyih, Turkey | |
1863 3 May 186- |
When Bahá'u'lláh left Baghdad for Constantinople, He bade Siyyid Mihdíy-i-Dahájí Ismu'lláh move into His house and become its caretaker. [RoB2p273-274]
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Baghdad, Iraq; Iraq | |
1863 3 May 186- |
Bahá'u'lláh left the Garden of Ridván.
Bahá'u'lláh and His party arrived at Firayját, about three miles away on the banks of the Tigris. [BKG176] |
Ridvan Festival; Bahá'u'lláh, Declaration of; * Bahaullah (chronology); Ridvan Festival; Aqa Mírzá Aqay-i-Afnan (Nurud-Din); Afnan; Horses; Donkeys; Taj; Tigris River; Rivers; Ridvan garden; Najibiyyih Garden; Holy days; Baghdad, Iraq; Firayjat, Baghdad, Iraq; Iraq; Shíráz, Iran; Iran | |
1863 30 Apr 186- |
Bahá'u'lláh's family joined Him in the Garden. [BKG175; RB1:281; SA235]
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Ridvan Festival; Bahá'u'lláh, Declaration of; Bahá'u'lláh, Family of; * Bahaullah (chronology); Ridvan Festival; Najibiyyih Garden; Holy days; Baghdad, Iraq; Iraq | |
1863 Apr 186- |
Mírzá Yahyá fled Baghdád, travelling to Mosul in disguise. [BKG158; RB252–5]
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Mírzá Yahya (Subh-i-Azal); Baghdad, Iraq; Mosul, Iraq; Iraq; Istanbul, Turkey; Turkey; Iran | |
1863 22 Apr 186- |
Thirty–one days after Naw-Rúz, which in this year fell on 22 March, Bahá'u'lláh left His house for the last time and walked to the Najíbíyyih Garden, afterward known as the Garden of Ridván (Paradise). This garden was on an island in the Tigris River and belonged to the governor of Baghdad, Najib Pásha. The river has since changed its course and the island is now a park on the north bank of the Tigris. [C3MT15]
During the 12 days in the Ridván Garden Bahá'u'lláh confided to 'Abdu'l-Bahá that He was 'Him Whom God shall make manifest'. [CH82] |
* Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; Ridvan Festival; Naw-Ruz; * Bahaullah (chronology); Bahá'u'lláh, Declaration of; Ridvan garden; Najibiyyih Garden; Ages and Epochs; Heroic age; Lawh-i-Ayyub; Hájí Muhammad-i-Taqiy-i-Nayrizi; * `Abdu'l-Bahá (chronology); - Basic timeline, Condensed; - Basic timeline, Expanded; * Bahá'u'lláh, Basic timeline; Firsts, other; Taj; Holy days; Baghdad, Iraq; Iraq | First time Bahá'u'lláh wears tall táj as symbol of His station; First Day of Ridván; first epoch of Heroic or Apostolic Age |
1863 22 Apr - 3 May 186- |
Declaration of Bahá'u'lláh in the Garden of Ridván. The garden was located in a large agricultural area immediately north of the walls of the city of Baghdad, about 450 metres (1,480 ft) from the city's northern Mu'azzam gate. Located on the eastern bank of the Tigris River in what is now the Bab al-Mu'azzam neighbourhood of Baghdad's Rusafa District, it was directly opposite the district in which Bahá'u'lláh lived during his stay in the city, on the river's western bank. [Wikipedia] Extract from a Tablet of Baha'u'llah-Khadimu'llah. (Edited provisional translation below)
[1] The first of them was that in this Manifestation the use of the sword in holy war is put aside. [2] Secondly, prior to the completion of a millennium any theophanological claim put forward by any person must be considered baseless. In this respect the year should be considered a complete year. [3] Thirdly, the True One, exalted be His Glory, at that time manifested all the Divine Names upon all things.
And the following choice verse was subsequently revealed but has been ordained to be of the same rank as the preceding three; namely, whatever personal designations are mentioned before the Face, whether living or dead, such have thereby attained the Presence of God by virtue of being mentioned by the King of Pre-Existence. [UCMERCED site] |
Ridvan Festival; Bahá'u'lláh, Declaration of; Ridvan garden; Najibiyyih Garden; Gardens; Holy days; * Bahaullah (chronology); - Basic timeline, Condensed; - Basic timeline, Expanded; * Bahá'u'lláh, Basic timeline; Baghdad, Iraq; Iraq | |
1863 (Prior to the Declaration) 186- |
See Bibliography for the Tablets of Baha'u'llah: List of citations and resources for Tablets revealed 1853-1863 compiled by Jonah Winters.
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* Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; Baghdad, Iraq; Iraq | |
1863 Between 1857 - 1863 186- |
Bahá'u'lláh revealed Lawh-i-Fitnih, "Tablet of the Test". The Tablet, as its title indicates, is about tests and trials which are associated with the Day of God. In it Bahá'u'lláh alludes to His own Revelation and states that through His advent the whole creation will be tried; no soul will be exempt. All those who are the embodiments of piety and wisdom, of knowledge and virtue, every accomplished man of learning, the servants of God and His sincere lovers, the angels that enjoy near access to God, the Concourse on high, every righteous man of discernment, every mature embodiment of wisdom, even the realities of the Prophets and Messengers of God -- all will be tested. [CoCp35]
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* Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; Lawh-i-Fitnih (Tablet of the Test); * Bahaullah (chronology); Baghdad, Iraq; Iraq | |
1863 18 Apr 186- |
Birth of William Henry (Harry) Randall, Disciple of 'Abdu'l-Bahá, in Boston. | William Harry Randall; - Disciples of `Abdu'l-Bahá; Births and deaths; Boston, MA; Massachusetts, USA; USA | |
1863 27 Mar 186- |
Bahá'u'lláh met the deputy governor in a mosque opposite the Government House where the Farmán which had been sent by the Sultán was announced to Him and advised that He and His family were to be exiled to an unknown destination. Námiq Páshá, the governor of Baghdad, could not bring himself to meet Bahá'u'lláh and give Him this news in person. At first he summoned Him to the courthouse but when He refused to attend he asked Him to meet in the mosque. [CH81-82,BKG154–5; GPB147–8; RB1:229]
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* Bahaullah (chronology); Bahá'u'lláh, Banishment of; - Governors; Namiq Pasha; Ottoman citizenship; Ottoman government; Exile (banishment); Baghdad, Iraq; Iraq; Istanbul, Turkey; Turkey | |
1863 26 Mar 186- |
Bahá'u'lláh revealed the Tablet of the Holy Mariner on the fifth day of Naw-Rúz. The Tablet was revealed to the friends present and Nabil wrote that they understood it portended to a new period and greater tests. His further exile was being foretold. Immediately after it was chanted Bahá'u'lláh ordered the tents to be folded and everyone to return to the city. The party had not yet left when a messenger arrived from Námiq Páshá summoning Bahá'u'lláh to the governorate the next day to receive the announcement that he was to be transferred to Constantinople. [RB1:228-229; SA163-165, 234; BKG154; GPB147]
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* Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; * Bahaullah (chronology); Bahá'u'lláh, Banishment of; Lawh-i-Malláhu'l-Quds (Tablet of the Holy Mariner, Arabic); Naw-Ruz; Mírzá Aqa Jan (Khadimu'lláh); Namiq Pasha; * Bahá'u'lláh, Basic timeline; - Basic timeline, Expanded; Mazraiy-i-Vashshash, Iraq; Iraq; Istanbul, Turkey; Turkey | |
1863 Mar 186- |
Bahá'u'lláh celebrated the two-week festival of Naw-Rúz at the Mazra'iy-i-Vashshásh, a farm along the river Tigris, not far from His house in Baghdád. [BKG154; GPB147; SA163] | * Bahaullah (chronology); Naw-Ruz; Rivers; Mazraiy-i-Vashshash, Iraq; Tigris River; Baghdad, Iraq; Iraq | |
1863 c. Jan 1863 186- |
The governor of Baghdád, Námiq Páshá, received the first of 'five successive commands' from 'Alí Páshá, the Grand Vizier of Turkey, to transfer Bahá'u'lláh to Constantinople. This order was ignored by the governor, who was sympathetic to Bahá'u'lláh. In the next three months, four more orders were received and similarly ignored before the governor was compelled to comply. [BKG154; GPB131] | * Bahaullah (chronology); Bahá'u'lláh, Banishment of; - Governors; Namiq Pasha; - Grand Viziers; `Alí Páshá; Baghdad, Iraq; Iraq; Istanbul, Turkey; Turkey | First of ‘five successive commands' to transfer Bahá'u'lláh to Constantinople |
1863 (In the year) 186- |
The passing of Hájí Mubárak, the servant of the Báb. He was born in 1823 and died at the age of 40. He was buried in the grounds of the Imam Husayn Shrine in Karbala, Iraq.
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Hájí Mubarak; In Memoriam; Bushihr, Iran; Iran; Karbala, Iraq; Iraq | |
1863 or earlier 186- |
Colonel Sir Arnold Burrowes Kemball, the British Consul-General in Baghdád, offered Bahá'u'lláh the protection of British citizenship and offered Him residence in India or anywhere of Bahá'u'lláh's choosing. [BBR183, 234; BBRSM65; GPB131]
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Arnold Burrowes Kemball; British history; * Bahaullah (chronology); Baghdad, Iraq; Iraq | |
1862 22 Aug 186- |
Concessions by the Persian government in the Qajar period (1789-1925) included grants of political and extraterritorial rights to the Russian and British governments, as well as monopolies, contracts, and licenses to British and Russian citizens and companies to carry on specific economic activities on Persian territory. Please see Encyclopaedia Iranica for details of concessions to both the British and the Russians.
The following is an example of one such concession: The Telegraph Concession in Iran in 1862 was a significant agreement that allowed a British company to construct and operate a telegraph line in Persain territory. This concession played a crucial role in the development of telecommunication infrastructure and British influence in Iran during the 19th century. The concession was granted to a British entrepreneur named Charles Morrison by, Nasir al-Din Shah. The agreement gave Morrison the exclusive rights to build a telegraph line across Persia. This line was intended to connect the Persian Gulf to the Caspian Sea with branches extending to Tehran and other important cities. The British government supported Morrison in securing the concession as it served British interests in the region. It was not only a means of communication but also had strategic importance as it facilitated the transmission of information and news across the vast Iranian territory and contributed to British control over their interests. Construction began in 1864 and was completed in several stages over the following years. The concession allowed Morrison's company to operate for 70 years. The telegraph line facilitated communication between Persia and British India, which was also under British control at the time, and it played a role in the coordination of British interests in the region. |
Colonialism and imperialism; History (general); Iran, General history; Iran | |
1862 10 May 186- |
The Persian ambassador requested that the Ottomans move the Bahá'u'lláh farther from Persia. | * Bahaullah (chronology); Bahá'u'lláh, Banishment of; Exile (banishment); Baghdad, Iraq; Iraq; Istanbul, Turkey; Turkey | |
1862 5 May 186- |
Mírzá Mihdíy-i-Káshaní was directed to remain in Baghdad to guard the Holy House. He remained until banished, along with the other Bahá'ís, to Mosul. [MoF96] | House of Bahá'u'lláh (Baghdad); Caretakers; Mírzá Mihdiy-i-Kashani; Baghdad, Iraq; Iraq | |
1862 c. Mar - Jun 186- |
Birth of Sádhijíyyih, second daughter of Bahá'u'lláh and His second wife, Mahd-i-'Ulyá (Fatimih). | Sadhijiyyih; Bahá'u'lláh, Family of; Mahd-i-Ulya (Fatimih Khanum); Births and deaths; Baghdad, Iraq; Iraq | |
1862 - 1863 186- |
Hájí Mírzá Haydar-`Alí and six other prominent Bahá'ís were arrested in Cairo for being Bahá'ís at the instigation of the corrupt Persian consul, Mírzá Husayn Khán. They were banished to Khartoum, where Haydar-`Alí spent the next 9 years in confinement. [BBR257; BKG250; GBP178, SDH32-66] | Hájí Mírzá Haydar-`Alí (Angel of Carmel); Persecution, Egypt; - Persecution, Arrests; - Persecution; Egypt | |
1862 – 1868 186- |
Hájí Mírzá Muhammad-'Alí, a cousin of the Báb, lived in Shanghai during this period. This is the first record of a Bábí or Bahá'í living in China. [PH24]
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Hájí Mírzá Muhammad-`Alí Afnán; Hájí Mírzá Muhammad Husayn (Afnan); Afnan; Báb, Family of; First Bahá'ís by country or area; Shanghai, China; Hong Kong; China | First record of Bábí or Bahá'í living in China |
c. 1862 186- |
Bahá'u'lláh sent a ring and cashmere shawl to His niece, Shahr-Bánú, the daughter of Mírzá Muhammad-Hasan, in Tihrán to ask for her hand in marriage to 'Abdu'l-Bahá. Shahr-Bánú's uncle, acting in place of her dead father, refused to let her go to Iraq. [BKG342–3] | * Bahaullah (chronology); Rings; Shawls; Gifts; Shahr-Banu; Mírzá Muhammad-Hasan (King of Martyrs); King of Martyrs and Beloved of Martyrs; * `Abdu'l-Bahá (chronology); Tehran, Iran; Iran; Baghdad, Iraq; Iraq | |
1862 (Dates undetermined) 186- |
In order to regain ownership of the House of the Báb, Mírzá Áqá Nuri'd-Din convinced the residents of the fact that because of the recent earthquakes some parts of the House had been structurally damaged, making it unsuitable to live in. He agreed to purchase or lease another dwelling for them while he did repairs.
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Mírzá Áqa Nurid-Din; Báb, House of (Shiraz); Shíráz, Iran | |
1861 25 Jun 186- |
Death of Sultán 'Abdu'l-Majíd and accession of Sultán 'Abdu'l-'Azíz to the Ottoman throne. He ruled until 1876. [BBR485]
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Sultán `Abdu'l-Majid; Sultán `Abdu'l-Azíz; Ottoman Empire; Istanbul, Turkey; Turkey | |
1861 -1862 186- |
Bahá'u'lláh revealed the Kitáb-i-Íqán (The Book of Certitude), 'a comprehensive exposition of the nature and purpose of religion'. In the early days this Tablet was referred to as the Risáliy-i-Khál (Epistle of the Uncle). [BBD134, 162; BKG159; BBD134; BBRSM64–5; GPB138–9; RB1:158]
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* Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; * Bahaullah (chronology); Kitáb-i-Íqán (Book of Certitude); Hájí Mírzá Siyyid Muhammad; Báb, Family of; Báb, Uncles of; - Uncles; - Basic timeline, Condensed; - Basic timeline, Expanded; * Bahá'u'lláh, Basic timeline; Interfaith dialogue; - Islam; Quran; - Christianity; Bible; Prophecies; Baghdad, Iraq; Iraq; Tehran, Iran; Iran | First (probably) of Bahá'u'lláh's writings to appear in print |
1861 or 1862 186- |
Mullá Sádiq-i-Muqaddas-i-Khurásání (Ismu'láhu'l-Asdaq), a Bábí and father of Ibn Asdaq, met Bahá'u'lláh in Baghdád and became a follower. Previously he had recognized the Báb through a dream and the memory of seeing Him in the congregation during a sermon he had delivered in a mosque in Karbila when a ray of light shone on the lap of the Báb as he sat listening attentively. [BKG18; PG108-109] | Ismullahul-Asdaq (Mulla Sadiq Khurasani); Baghdad, Iraq; Iraq | |
1860 Probably during the Baghdad period. 186- |
Of the Suratu'l-Bayan (The Epistle of Utterance) it is written: "This highly eloquent and challenging treatise highlights some key spiritual verities from am Bahá'u'lláh's teachings. Written entirely in the Arabic language, its timeless message is primarily addressed to the generality of His faithful followers. " [BBS124-131]
In this Tablet the Maiden appears as the personification of the spirit of God. The Maiden has emerged from her hidden chamber symbolizes the appearance of Bahá'u'lláh's revelation in the world, and her afflictions mirror that of Bahá'u'lláh's. In the Surah of the Bayan Bahá'u'lláh identifies with Himself a passage in the Qayyumu'l-Asma in which the Báb had referred to "the Maid of Heaven begotten by the Spirit of Baha" (SWB:54). |
Suratul-Bayan; * Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; Epistle of Utterance; Baghdad, Iraq; Iraq | |
1860 circa 1859/1860 186- |
The revelation of Javáhiru'l-Asrár, (meaning literally the "gems" or "essences" of mysteries) (in Arabic) by Bahá'u'lláh in reply to a question posed by Siyyid Yúsuf-i-Sihdihí Isfahání, who, at the time, was residing in Karbilá. One of the central themes of the treatise is the subject of "transformation", meaning the return of the Promised One in a different human guise. The second theme can be said to be mystical in nature. It has many similarities to The Seven Valleys. Bahá'u'lláh described the seven valleys, but the names and orders of valleys are slightly different from those found in the book of The Seven Valleys [GDMii]
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Javahirul-Asrar (Gems of Divine Mysteries); * Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; Siyyid Yusuf-i-Sihdihi Isfahani; Haft Vadi (Seven Valleys); Baghdad, Iraq; Iraq | |
1860 (In the year) 186- |
Birth of Shaykh Muhammad-'Alíy-i-Qá'iní, Apostle of Bahá'u'lláh, in Naw Firist, near Bírjand. [EB273]
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Shaykh Muhammad-`Alíy-i-Qá'iní; - Apostles of Bahá'u'lláh; Births and deaths; Mírzá Abu'l-Fadl; Naw-Firist, Iran; Bírjand, Iran; Iran; Ashgabat; Turkmenistan | |
c. 1860 186- |
Mírzá Mihdí, the son of Bahá'u'lláh, was taken from Tihrán to join his family in Baghdád. He was about 12 years old. [RB3:205]
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Mírzá Mihdi (Purest Branch); Mahd-i-Ulya (Fatimih Khanum); Tehran, Iran; Iran; Baghdad, Iraq; Iraq | |
1858 – 1862 185- |
It was in this period that Bahá'u'lláh revealed the Seven Valleys (Haft Vadi) in response to a request from a Súfí, Shaykh Muhyi'd-Dín, the Qádí of Khániqayn, whom He may have met in Kurdistán. In it Bahá'u'lláh described the "seven stages which the soul of the seeker must needs traverse ere it can attain the object of its existence." These seven stages were originally proposed by the great Persian Sufi poet Shaykh Faridu'd-Din Attar (d1230C.E) in his renowned work the Mantiqu't-Tayr (The Conference of the Birds.) [BBS94; GPB140; BBD206; BBRSM:64; SA150; BKG161-163; RoB1p98-101]
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* Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; * Bahaullah (chronology); Haft Vadi (Seven Valleys); Seven Valleys; Call of the Divine Beloved (book); Sufism; Mysticism; Shaykh Muhyid-Din; - Basic timeline, Condensed; - Basic timeline, Expanded; * Bahá'u'lláh, Basic timeline; Baghdad, Iraq; Iraq; Kurdistan | |
1858 Aug 185- |
The dismissal of Mírzá Áqá Khán, the prime minister who had directed the persecution of the Bábís that followed the attempt on the life of the Sháh.
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Mírzá Aqa Khan; - Prime Ministers of Iran; - Prime Ministers; Nasirid-Din Sháh; Nasirid-Din Shah, Attempt on; - Shahs; Iran | |
1858 19 Jul 185- |
Nabil, who had met Bahá'u'lláh in 1850, was one of the Bábí leaders who claimed to be the promised messianic figure according to the Báb's prophecies. After his return to Baghdad he withdrew his claim when he recognized Bahá'u'lláh's status as the fulfillment of the Báb's predictions and the leader of the Bábís. He became one of Bahá'u'lláh's earliest followers. [RoB1p202, "Nabil-e aʿzam Zaranadi, Mollā Mohammad," by Vahid Rafati, Encyclopædia Iranica] | Nabil-i-Azam; Baghdad, Iraq; Iraq | |
1857-1858 185- |
Bahá'u'lláh revealed the Hidden Words (Kalimát-i-Maknúnih), originally designated 'The Hidden Words of Fátimih', while walking along the banks of the Tigris. [BBD102; BKG159; GPB138–40]
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* Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; * Bahaullah (chronology); Kalimat-i-Maknunih (Hidden Words); Fatimah (daughter of Muhammad); Tigris River; Rivers; - Basic timeline, Condensed; - Basic timeline, Expanded; * Bahá'u'lláh, Basic timeline; Interfaith dialogue; Baghdad, Iraq; Iraq | |
c. 1857 - 1858 185- |
Bahá'u'lláh revealed the Four Valleys, (Chahar Vadi) addressed to Shaykh 'Abdu'r-Rahmán-i-Tálabání (or Karkútí), a man of erudition and understanding and a leader of the Qádiríyyih Order, someone He had come in contact with in Kurdistán. In it He describes four different paths of approach to the Divine. [SA157–8, BKG163; RoB1p104]
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* Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; Chahar Vadi (Four Valleys); Call of the Divine Beloved (book); Shaykh Abdur-Rahman-i-Talabani; * Bahaullah (chronology); * Bahá'u'lláh, Basic timeline; - Basic timeline, Expanded; Baghdad, Iraq; Iraq | |
1857 c. 185- |
The revelation of Sahíiy-i-Shattíyyih (Book of the River or Book of the Tigris) by Bahá'u'lláh.
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Shahifiy-i-Shattiyyih (Book of the River); Rivers; * Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; Bahá'u'lláh, Birth of Revelation of; Bahá'u'lláh, Declaration of; Tigris River; Baghdad, Iraq; Iraq | |
1856 (after Bahá'u'lláh's return) 185- |
Siyyid Asadulláh of Khuy was an influential and devoted Bábi whom the Báb had designated "Dayyán" (Judge). During Mírzá Yahyá's leadership in Baghdad he had found him so weak and the community so desperate that he, like some twenty others, declared himself to be to be the Promised One. He soon rescinded his claim after Bahá'u'lláh's return when he, as the Báb had promised, became the third person to believe in Bahá'u'lláh. Mírzá Yahyá saw this man a threat and ordered his servant Mírzá Muhammad-i-Mázindarání to murder him. [MCS562] In Epistle to the Son of the Wolf (p174-176) Bahá'u'lláh mentions Mírzá 'Alí-Akbar, a relative of the Báb and Abu'l-Qásim-i-Káshí and states "several other suffered martyrdom through the decree pronounced by Mírzá Yahyá." |
Dayyan (Mírzá Asadullah); Mírzá Yahya (Subh-i-Azal); Mírzá Muhammad-i-Mazindarani; Mírzá `Alí-Akbar; Abu'l-Qasim-i-Kashi; He Whom God shall make manifest; Baghdad, Iraq; Iraq | |
1856 Mar 185- |
During Bahá'u'lláh's absence Mírzá Musá rented a house near the Al-Kazimiyya mosque and shrine, in the Kādhimayn district in Baghdad. (It is the burial place of Imam Musa Al-Kadhim and Imam Muhammad Al-Jawad, they are respectively the Seventh and the Ninth of the Twelve Imams.) The house was large, two or three stories, and was made of simple mud brick with a surrounding central courtyard. At some point before His departure on the 22nd of April, 1863, the house was purchased. He later named it "The Most Great House" and designated it a place of pilgrimage. It is also referred to as the "Throne of His Glory", and the "Lamp of Salvation between earth and heaven". [CEBF66]
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House of Bahá'u'lláh (Baghdad); Bahá'u'lláh, Houses of; * Bahaullah (chronology); Pilgrimage; * Bahá'u'lláh, Basic timeline; - Basic timeline, Expanded; * Bahaullah (chronology); Mírzá Musa (Aqay-i-Kalim); Baghdad, Iraq; Iraq; Sulaymaniyyih, Iraq | |
1856 19 Mar 185- |
Áqá Kalím, Bahá'u'lláh's faithful brother, felt that Bahá'u'lláh should return from his self-imposed exile owning to the state of the community so he sent his Arab father-in-law, Shaykh Sultán, to find Him and try to convince Him to return. He carried letters from several family members, including Mírzá Yahyá, pleading with Him to return. [Bahá'u'lláh and the Naqshbandi Sufis in Iraq, 1854-1856 p20-21] Bahá'u'lláh returned from Sulaymáníyyih, Kurdistán two years after His withdrawal, a moment Shoghi Effendi has described as "a turning point of the utmost significance in the history of the first Bahá'í century." [GPB127] Baha'u'llah's return revived and animated the Bábí community. "He Himself has described the situation which then confronted Him: We found no more than a handful of souls, faint and dispirited, nay utterly lost and dead. The Cause of God had ceased to be on any one's lips, nor was any heart receptive to its message. [GPB125] |
* Bahaullah (chronology); * Bahá'u'lláh, Basic timeline; - Basic timeline, Expanded; Mírzá Musa (Aqay-i-Kalim); Baghdad, Iraq; Iraq; Sulaymaniyyih, Iraq; Kurdistan | |
1856 to Mar 1857 185- |
The Anglo-Persian War. [BBR165, 263] | History (general); Iran, General history; Iran | |
1856 – 1858 185- |
Bahá'u'lláh's writings during this period were so prolific that in one hour He would reveal a thousand verses and in the course of one day the equivalent of the Qur'án. He revealed a vast number of works and then commanded that hundreds of thousands of verses be destroyed. [BBRSM62–3; BKG167; GPB137–8] | * Bahaullah (chronology); * Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; * Bahá'u'lláh, Basic timeline; - Basic timeline, Expanded; - Missing, lost or destroyed Writings; Baghdad, Iraq; Iraq; Sulaymaniyyih, Iraq | |
c. 1856 – 1857 185- |
Birth of Samadíyyih Khánum, first daughter of Bahá'u'lláh and His second wife, Mahd-i-'Ulyá (Fatimih). | Samadiyyih Khanum; Bahá'u'lláh, Family of; Mahd-i-Ulya (Fatimih Khanum); Births and deaths; * Bahaullah (chronology); Baghdad, Iraq; Iraq | First daughter of Bahá'u'lláh and His second wife, Mahd-i-‘Ulyá |
1855 15 Oct 1855 or 1856 185- |
Birth of Robert Turner, first black American Bahá'í. | Robert Turner; Births and deaths; USA | First African-American Baha'i. |
1855 5 Mar 185- |
Birth of John Henry Hyde Dunn, Hand of the Cause, in London. [Bahá'í Chronicles] | Hyde Dunn; Birth; - Hands of the Cause; Hands of the Cause, Births and deaths; Births and deaths; London, England; United Kingdom | |
1855 During Bahá'u'lláh's absence 185- |
At some point during the retirement of Bahá'u'lláh, Mírzá 'Aqá Ján was engaged in the service of Mírzá Yahyá who wanted him to go on a secret mission to Tehran to assassinate Násiri'd-Dín Sháh. He accepted the assignment and soon after his arrival managed to obtain access to the court in the guise of a labourer. He realized the extent of his folly and returned to Baghdád and when Bahá'u'lláh returned from exile he confessed his part in the scheme and begged Bahá'u'lláh's forgiveness and he was permitted to resume service for Bahá'u'lláh. [CoB181-182] | Mírzá Aqa Jan (Khadimu'lláh); Mírzá Yahya (Subh-i-Azal); Nasirid-Din Sháh; * Bahaullah (chronology); Baghdad, Iraq; Iraq; Sulaymaniyyih, Iraq; Tehran, Iran; Iran | |
1854 10 Apr-1856 19 Mar 185- |
Mírzá Yáhyá, who had been hiding in Mazíndarán since the attempt on the life of the Sháh, at some point prior to Bahá'u'lláh's retirement to the mountains of Kurdistán, had joined the exiles in Baghdád. During Bahá'u'lláh's absence He asked that the friends treat him with consideration and that the family offer him shelter and hospitality in the family home.
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Mírzá Yahya (Subh-i-Azal); * Bahaullah (chronology); * Bahaullah (chronology); Baghdad, Iraq; Iraq; Sulaymaniyyih, Iraq | |
1854 10 Apr - 1856 19 Mar 185- |
Bahá'u'lláh in Sulaymaniyyih Bahá'u'lláh suddenly left Baghdád and went to the mountainous wilderness of Sar Galu, around Sulaymaniyyah in Iraqi Kurdistán. [BKG115-122; DB585; GPB120-124; TN38; CH256; KI250-251; AB392]
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* Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; * Bahaullah (chronology); Dervishes; Sar Galu Mountain; Aqa Abu'l-Qasim-i-Hamadani; - Poetry; Qasidiyyih-Varqaiyyih (Ode of the Dove); Navvab (Asiyih Khanum); Mírzá Yahya (Subh-i-Azal); Sufism; Mysticism; Daoud Toeg; Caves; Interfaith dialogue; * Bahá'u'lláh, Basic timeline; - Basic timeline, Expanded; Dayyan (Mírzá Asadullah); Kurdistan; Baghdad, Iraq; Sulaymaniyyih, Iraq; Iraq | |
1854 (prior to His departure for Sulaymaniyyih) 185- |
"Mirza Yahya had never lifted a finger to protect the Faith of which he was supposed to be the nominal head. Now, incited and aided by Siyyid Muhammad and a few, very few, others of the same nature, Mirza Yahya began a secret campaign to discredit Baha'u'llah. He circulated wild rumours, ascribed to Baha'u'llah actions, opinions, views and intentions totally at variance with truth. These undercurrents and innuendoes became so perilous for the integrity of the Faith of the Bab, threatening it with bitter controversies and even fatal divisions, that Baha'u'llah reached the decision to take Himself away from Baghdad and from the society of men whom He knew - and who knew Him... " "Mirza Aqa Jan himself has testified: 'That Blessed Beauty evinced such sadness that the limbs of my body trembled.' He has, likewise, related, as reported by Nabil in his narrative, that, shortly before Baha'u'llah's retirement, he had on one occasion seen Him, between dawn and sunrise, suddenly come out from His house, His night-cap still on His head, showing such signs of perturbation that he was powerless to gaze into His face, and while walking, angrily remark: 'These creatures are the same creatures who for three thousand years have worshipped idols, and bowed down before the Golden Calf: Now, too, they are fit for nothing better. What relation can there be between this people and Him Who is the Countenance of Glory? What ties can bind them to the One Who is the supreme embodiment of all that is lovable?' 'I stood,' declared Mirza Aqa Jan, 'rooted to the spot, lifeless, dried up as a dead tree, ready to fall under the impact of the stunning power of His words. Finally, He said: "Bid them recite: 'Is there any Remover of difficulties save God? Say: Praised be God! He is God! All are His servants, and all abide by His bidding!' Tell them to repeat it five hundred times, nay, a thousand times, by day and by night, sleeping and waking, that haply the Countenance of Glory may be unveiled to their eyes, and tiers of light descend upon them." He Himself, I was subsequently informed, recited this same verse, His face betraying the utmost sadness." [BKG114] |
Misconduct of believers; Remover of Difficulties (invocation); Mírzá Aqa Jan (Khadimu'lláh); Mírzá Yahya (Subh-i-Azal); * Báb, Writings of; - Invocations; Baghdad, Iraq; Iraq | |
1853 - 1854 185- |
The birth of Áqá Mírzá Muhammad-Taqí Abharí, (b. 1853-1854 in Abhar, d. 30 January 1919 in Tehran), also known by the designation Ibn Abhar [Ibn-i-Abhar]. He was appointed a Hand of the Cause in 1868 and was an Apostle of Bahá'u'lláh. [EB268; Bahá'í Encylopedia Project] | - Hands of the Cause; Hands appointed by Bahá'u'lláh; - Apostles of Bahá'u'lláh; Ibn-i-Abhar (Mulla Muhammad Taqi); Abhar, Iran; Tehran, Iran; Iran | |
1853 24 Nov 185- |
The prisoners from Nayríz and the heads of the martyrs arrived in Shíráz. More Bábís were executed and their heads sent to Tihrán. The heads were later buried at Ábádih. [BW18:382] | Persecution, Iran; - Persecution, Deaths; - Persecution; Shíráz, Iran; Nayriz, Iran; Tehran, Iran; Ábádih, Iran; Iran | |
1853 31 Oct 185- |
Some 600 female and 80 to 180 male Bábís are taken prisoner at Nayríz and marched to Shíráz, along with the heads of some 180 martyrs. This fulfilled an Islamic prophecy concerning the appearance of the Qá'im indicating that the heads of the followers would be used as gifts. [BW18:382; KI245; For17] | Persecution, Iran; - Persecution, Arrests; - Persecution, Deaths; - Persecution; Prophecies; Nayriz, Iran; Shíráz, Iran; Iran | |
1853 Oct 185- |
Second Nayríz upheaval. [BBR147–51; BBRSM:217; BW18:382; DB642–5;]
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Nayriz upheaval; - Upheavals; Mírzá Naim-i-Nuri; Persecution, Iran; - Persecution, Arrests; - Persecution; Nayriz, Iran; Iran | |
1853 185- |
It was during the Baghdad period that 'Abdu'l-Bahá became conscious to the station of His Father. "The Bab states that the first one to believe in a Manifestation of God is the essence of the achievement of the preceding dispensation; and so, 'Abdu'l-Baha, the first to believe with His whole being in the Mission of His Father, was the most eminent representative of the virtues called forth by the Bab." [AB13] |
* `Abdu'l-Bahá (chronology); Baghdad, Iraq; Iraq | |
1853 (Summer) 185- |
Bahá'u'lláh revealed His station and mission to Mírzá Áqá Ján in Karbalá. He was the first person to believe in Bahá'ú'lláh as "Him Whom God shall make manifest." [BKG109–11; GPB115–16; CoB181]
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* Bahaullah (chronology); Mírzá Aqa Jan (Khadimu'lláh); Karbala, Iraq; Iraq | the first person to believe in Bahá'ú'lláh as "Him Whom God shall make manifest." |
1853 4 May 185- |
An earthquake struck in Shiraz. It destroyed many homes and killed several thousand citizens. It also demolished the majority of the schools and mosques. The House of the Báb was severely damaged and the mosque next to it was completely demolished. At this time the House had been rented to Mírzá Muhammad-Husayn, who was occupying the House with no written documentation. A lease is dated January 1854 and it recognized the owner as Siyyidih Fatimih Bagum and stated that the repairs were to be made at the leasee's expense. After this document was signed, Mírzá Muhammad-Husayn realized the cost of the repairs was prohibitive. Consequently, he leased the House to two brothers, Samad and Ibrahim, who were bakers. They took up residence with no formal documentation. Gradually they took over all the affairs of the House and claimed sole ownership. [MBBA169] | Báb, House of (Shiraz); Shíráz, Iran | |
1853 or 1854 185- |
Birth of Mírzá Muhammad-'Alí, first son of Bahá'u'lláh and His second wife, Mahd-i-'Ulyá. [CB 125]
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Mírzá Muhammad Ali; Births and deaths; * Bahaullah (chronology); Bahá'u'lláh, Wives of; Bahá'u'lláh, Family of; Mahd-i-Ulya (Fatimih Khanum); Firsts, other; Baghdad, Iraq; Iraq | First son of Bahá'u'lláh and His second wife, Mahd-i-‘Ulyá; first year of Bahá'u'lláh's arrival Baghdád |
1853 or 1854 185- |
Bahá'u'lláh revealed the Lawh-i Kullu't-ta'ám (Tablet of All Food). [BRSM:62; BKG112]
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* Bahaullah (chronology); * Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; Lawh Kullut-Taam (Tablet of All Food); Mírzá Yahya (Subh-i-Azal); Baghdad, Iraq; Iraq | |
1853 185- |
Shortly after Bahá'u'lláh's arrival in Baghdad, the first messenger to reach Him was Shaykh Salmán who returned to his native Hindiyan with Tablets addressed to the friends. This became his habit, once a year he would set out on foot to see Bahá'u'lláh bringing letters and leaving wth Tablets, faithfully delivering each on for whom it was intended. He visited Him in Baghdad, Adrianople and Akka, carrying Tablets to many cities, Isfahan, Shiraz, Kashan, Tehran... During the 40 years that he continued this service and never lost a single letter or Tablet.
He always travelled on foot and ate noting but bread and onions. He earned the title "The Bábí's Angel Gabriel". After the passing of Bahá'u'lláh he continued to provide courier service between Persia and the Holy Land. He died in Shiraz. [MoF13-16] |
Shaykh Salman; India; Iran | |
1853 8 Apr 185- |
Bahá'u'lláh in Baghdád
Bahá'u'lláh and His family arrived in Baghdád. [BBR177; BKG106; GPB109; TN38] |
* Bahaullah (chronology); Navvab (Asiyih Khanum); * Bahá'u'lláh, Basic timeline; - Basic timeline, Expanded; Baghdad, Iraq; Iraq | |
1853 26 Mar 185- |
Five Bábís, acting on their own initiative, murdered the governor of Nayríz, providing the spark for the second Nayríz upheaval. [BBR147] | Nayriz upheaval; - Upheavals; - Governors; Persecution, Iran; - Persecution; Assassinations; Nayriz, Iran; Iran | |
1853 21 Mar 185- |
Bahá'u'lláh and His companions arrived in Khániqayn, just across the Iraqi border, where they rested in a beautiful orchard to observe Naw-Rúz. [BKG105]
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* Bahaullah (chronology); Bahá'u'lláh, Banishment of; Naw-Ruz; Khániqayn, Iraq; Iraq | |
1853 12 Jan 185- |
Bahá'u'lláh and His family departed for Baghdád after a one month respite in the home of his half-brother Mírzá Ridá-Qulí. During the three-month journey Bahá'u'lláh was accompanied by His wife Navváb (Who was six weeks from giving birth upon departure.) His eldest son 'Abdu'l-Bahá (9), Bahíyyih Khánum (7) and two of His brothers, Mírzá Músá and Mírzá Muhammad-Qulí. Mírzá Mihdí (2), was very delicate and so was left behind with the grandmother of the child, the mother of Àsíyih Khánum. They were escorted by an officer of the Persian imperial bodyguard and an official representing the Russian legation. [BKG102–5; GPB108; MM31; RoL165]
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* Bahaullah (chronology); Bahá'u'lláh, Banishment of; Mírzá Rida-Quli; Navvab (Asiyih Khanum); * `Abdu'l-Bahá (chronology); Bahiyyih Khanum (Greatest Holy Leaf); Mírzá Musa (Aqay-i-Kalim); Mírzá Mihdi (Purest Branch); Mírzá Muhammad-Quli; Isfandiyar; Russian officials; * Bahá'u'lláh, Basic timeline; - Basic timeline, Expanded; Exile (banishment); Tehran, Iran; Iran; Baghdad, Iraq; Iraq | |
1853 -1863 185- |
During this period Bahá'u'lláh revealed His mystical Writings. | * Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; Mysticism; Baghdad, Iraq; Iraq | |
1852 Dec 185- |
Bahá'u'lláh was released from the Síyáh-Chál.
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* Bahaullah (chronology); Bahá'u'lláh, Banishment of; Siyah Chal (Black Pit); Nasirid-Din Shah, Attempt on; Russia; Minister; Prince Dolgorukov; Mírzá Aqa Khan; * Bahá'u'lláh, Basic timeline; - Basic timeline, Expanded; Exile (banishment); Tehran, Iran; Iran; Baghdad, Iraq; Iraq | |
1852 27 Oct 185- |
The Bábí Faith was first mentioned in the 27 October 1852 volume of Magyar Hírlap (The Hungarian Newspaper), under the title „Persia műveltségi történetéhez" ("To the History of Education in Persia") where Captain Von Goumoens, a captain of the Austrian army based in Tehran reported on the terrible events related to the persecution of Bahá'ís in Iran.[www.bahai.hu; SUR77; GPB66] | Newspaper articles; Mentions; First mentions; Budapest, Hungary; Hungary | First mention of the Faith in Hungary |
1852 (Between Oct - Nov) 185- |
The revelation of Rashh-i-Ama (The Clouds of the Realms Above) while in the Síyáh-Chál in Tehran. This tablet is considered to be among the first revealed by Bahá'u'lláh after being apprised that He was to be the Manifestation of God.
Taherzadeh also states Bahá'u'lláh disclosed for the first time one of the unique features of His Revelation, namely, the advent of the "Day of God". "In a language supremely beautiful and soul-stirring, He attributes these energies to Himself. His choice of words, and the beauty, power, depth and mystery of this poem...are such that they may well prove impossible to translate." [RoB1p45] |
Rashh-i-Ama (Sprinkling from the Cloud of Unknowing); * Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; Bahá'u'lláh, Poetry of; - Poetry; Call of the Divine Beloved (book); Siyah Chal (Black Pit); Bahá'u'lláh, Birth of Revelation of; Tehran, Iran; Iran | |
1852 Oct 185- |
Bahá'u'lláh had a vision of the Maiden, who announced to Him that He was the Manifestation of God for this Age. [BBD142–3, 212; BKG823 ESW11–12, 21 GPB101–2; KAN62]
Pointing with her finger unto My head, she addressed all who are in heaven and all who are on earth, saying: By God! This is the Best-Beloved of the worlds, and yet ye comprehend not. This is the Beauty of God amongst you, and the power of His sovereignty within you, could ye but understand. This is the Mystery of God and His Treasure, the Cause of God and His glory unto all who are in the kingdoms of Revelation and of creation, if ye be of them that perceive. This is He Whose Presence is the ardent desire of the denizens of the Realm of eternity, and of them that dwell within the Tabernacle of glory, and yet from His Beauty do ye turn aside." Súriy-i-Haykal para 6-7; SLH5-6 |
* Bahaullah (chronology); Bahá'u'lláh, Birth of Revelation of; Siyah Chal (Black Pit); Dreams and visions; Maid of Heaven; Angels; Year nine; Promised One; Prophecies; - Basic timeline, Condensed; - Basic timeline, Expanded; * Bahá'u'lláh, Basic timeline; Firsts, other; - Missing, lost or destroyed Writings; Tehran, Iran; Iran | first emanations of the Supreme Pen |
1852 Aug-Dec 185- |
Bahá'u'lláh's imprisonment in the Síyáh-Chál
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* Bahaullah (chronology); Bahá'u'lláh, Attempts on; Siyah Chal (Black Pit); Prison; * `Abdu'l-Bahá (chronology); `Abdu'l-Vahhab-i-Shirazi; Persecution, Iran; - Persecution, Deaths; - Persecution; Poison; Chains; Mírzá Yahya (Subh-i-Azal); - Basic timeline, Condensed; - Basic timeline, Expanded; * Bahá'u'lláh, Basic timeline; Tehran, Iran; Takur, Iran; Iran; Baghdad, Iraq; Iraq | |
1852 Aug 185- |
In Mílán, Iran, 15 Bábís were arrested and imprisoned. [BW18:382] Many Bábís were tortured and killed in the weeks following the attempt on the life of the Sháh. [BKG84] |
Persecution, Iran; - Persecution, Arrests; - Persecution, Deaths; - Persecution; - Sháh; Mahmud Khan; Kalantar, Iran; Sulayman Khan; Milan, Italy; Tehran, Iran; Iran | |
1852 26 Aug 185- |
An account of the punishment meted out to those who participated in the attempt on the life of the Sháh and those who happened to be followers of the Báb, was published in the Vaqayi-yi Ittifáqíyyih, a Tihran newspaper. In addition, the newspaper reported that Mírzá Husayn 'Ali-i Nuri (Bahá'u'lláh) and five others who did not participated were sentenced to life imprisonment by the Sháh.
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Nasirid-Din Shah, Attempt on; - Persecution; Persecution, Iran; Newspaper articles; * Bahaullah (chronology); Tehran, Iran; Iran | |
1852 22 Aug – 27 Aug 185- |
After the initial executions, about 20 or more Bábís were distributed among the various courtiers and government departments to be tortured and put to death. [BBR135–6 BW18:382] | Persecution, Iran; - Persecution, Deaths; - Persecution; Iran | |
1852 16 – 22 Aug 185- |
A large number of Bábís were arrested in Tihrán and its environs following the attempt on the life of the Sháh. A number were executed. [BBR134–5; BW18:382]
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Siyah Chal (Black Pit); Nasirid-Din Shah, Attempt on; Persecution, Iran; - Persecution, Arrests; - Persecution, Deaths; - Persecution; Tehran, Iran; Iran | |
1852 (days following 16 Aug) 185- |
Bahá'u'lláh was then taken on foot and in chains, with bared head and bare feet' to Tihrán, a distance of 15 miles, where He was cast into the Síyáh-Chál. [BKG77; DB606–7, 631-634; ESW20; GPB71]
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* Bahaullah (chronology); Siyah Chal (Black Pit); Chains; Nasirid-Din Shah, Attempt on; * Bahá'u'lláh, Basic timeline; - Basic timeline, Expanded; Tehran, Iran; Iran | |
1852 16 – 27 Aug 185- |
The martyrdom of Táhirih (Qurratu'l-'Ayn) in Tihrán. [BBR172–3; BBRSM:30; BW18:382; BKG87; MF203]
She went to that garden with consummate dignity and composure. Everyone said that they were going to kill her, but she continued to cry out just as she had before, declaring, "I am that trumpet-call mentioned in the Gospel!" It was in this state that she was martyred in that garden and cast into a well.[Talk by Abdu'l-Baha Given in Budapest to the Turanian Society on 14 April 1913 (Provisional) |
Tahirih (Qurratu'l-'Ayn, Zarrín-Táj); Persecution, Iran; - Persecution, Deaths; - Persecution; Women; Gender; Equality; - Letters of the Living; - Basic timeline, Expanded; Tehran, Iran; Iran | |
1852 16 Aug 185- |
Bahá'u'lláh rode out towards the headquarters of the imperial army. At the time, He had been in 'The Abode of the Birds' (MurghMaḥallih), a garden which had been His summer residence. He stopped at Zargandih at the home of Mírzá Majíd Khán-i-Áhí, secretary to the Russian legation. [BKG77; DB603, AY235]
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* Bahaullah (chronology); Mírzá Majid Khan-i-Ahi; Russian officials; - Shahs; Prince Dolgorukov; - Grand Viziers; Nasirid-Din Shah, Attempt on; * Bahá'u'lláh, Basic timeline; - Basic timeline, Expanded; Zargandih, Iran; Iran | |
1852 -1853 185- |
"In the hecatomb of 1852-1853 the ranks of the Bábís were drastically thinned. Most of the leading disciples were killed, only a few surviving in distant exile. The next ten years were hopelessly dark. Within the Bábí community there was much confusion and fear. It seemed at times that all the heroism, all the sacrifices, had been in vain. Enemies gloated over the virtual extermination of what they saw as a pernicious heretical sect. Sympathetic outsiders concluded that the movement that had shown so much promise cracked under persecution and collapsed, leaving behind only a glorious memory." [Varqá and Rúhu'lláh: Deathless in Martyrdom by Kazem Kazemzadeh, World Order, Winter 1974-75 p.29] | Persecution, Iran; - Persecution, Other; - Persecution; Bábí history; Iran | |
1852 15 Aug 185- |
Attempt on the life of the Sháh in Afcha, near Tehran. [BBR128; BBRSM:30; BKG74–5; DB599; ESW20; GPB62; TN2930]
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Nasirid-Din Shah, Attempt on; Nasirid-Din Shah, Mother of; - Shahs; History (general); Iran, General history; Jafar-Quli Khan; * Bahaullah (chronology); * Bahá'u'lláh, Basic timeline; - Basic timeline, Expanded; Iran | |
1852 summer 185- |
Bahá'u'lláh stayed at the summer residence of Ja'far-Qulí Khán, the brother of the Grand Vizier, in Afchih, Lavásán, near Tihrán. [BKG77; DB599] | * Bahaullah (chronology); Jafar-Quli Khan; - Grand Viziers; Afchih, Iran; Lavasan, Iran; Tehran, Iran; Iran | |
1852 Apr - May c. 185- |
Bahá'u'lláh returned to Iran from Karbalá. [DB598]
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* Bahaullah (chronology); - Grand Viziers; * Bahá'u'lláh, Basic timeline; - Basic timeline, Expanded; Karbala, Iraq; Iraq; Iran | |
1852 20 Mar 185- |
The publication of Uncle Tom's Cabin; or, Life Among the Lowly by Harriet Beecher Stowe. It was the best-selling novel of the 19th century and the second best-selling book of that century, following the Bible. It is credited with helping fuel the abolitionist cause in the 1850s. In recent years, the negative associations with Uncle Tom's Cabin have, to an extent, overshadowed the historical impact of the book as a "vital antislavery tool. [Wikipedia]
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Uncle Toms Cabin: Life Among the Lowly; Literature, English; - Literature; Race; Harriet Beecher Stowe; Ellen Beecher; - Hands of the Cause; Dorothy Baker; USA | |
1852 21 Feb 185- |
Birth of Isabella Brittingham, prominent American Bahá'í teacher, in New York City. | Isabella Brittingham; Births and deaths; New York, USA; USA | |
1852 Jan 185- |
Mírzá Taqí Khán was killed in the public bath in Káshán by order of the Sháh on the instigation of the Sháh's mother and Mírzá Áqá Khán. [BBR164–5; BKG72]
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Mírzá Taqi Khan; - Prime Ministers; Assassinations; Public baths (bathhouses); Nasirid-Din Shah, Mother of; Mírzá Aqa Khan; Kashan, Iran; Iran | |
1852 185- |
Birth of Aqa Buzurg Khurasani (Badí'), Apostle of Bahá'u'lláh, in Mashhad. | Badi (Mírzá Aqa Buzurg-i-Nishapuri); - Apostles of Bahá'u'lláh; Births and deaths; Mashhad, Iran; Iran | |
1851 Dec 185- |
When the news of the martyrdom of the Báb reached Shiraz, Fatimah Bagum, the mother of the Báb, having previously
consulted with her Son about the journey to the `Atabat, (literally means the sublime thresholds.Thea are the shrines of six Shia Imams which are in four cities of Iraq, namely Najaf, Karbala, Kadhimiya and Samarra) decided to leave Shiraz. She wanted to put behind her the constant barrage of insults aimed at her family by the city's divines.
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Fatimih Bagum; Báb, Family of; Báb, House of (Shiraz); Khadijih Bagum (wife of the Báb); Karbala, Iraq; Iraq | |
1851 13 Nov 185- |
Mírzá Taqí Khán, the Amír-Nizám, was dismissed from his post and told he was only in charge of the army. [BBR163; BKG71]
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Mírzá Taqi Khan; Mírzá Aqa Khan; - Prime Ministers of Iran; - Prime Ministers | |
1851 Nov c. 185- |
Siyyid Basír-Hindí, a blind Indian, was put to death by Ildirím Mírzá. [BW18:382]
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Siyyid Basir-Hindi; Persecution, Iran; - Persecution, Deaths; - Persecution; Iran | |
1851 5 Oct 185- |
Shaykh Hasan-i-Zunúzí, the Báb's amanuensis, had been sent from the Báb's side in Chihríq to live in Karbilá at a time just before the incident at Shaykh Tabarsí when all available believers were being dispatched to assist Quddús. Here, the Báb told him, he would meet the promised Husayn. Although he had never met Bahá'u'lláh before, on this day he recognized Him as He walked by the inner courtyard of the Shrine of the Imám Husayn. [DB31; BKG67–68]
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Shaykh Hasan-i-Zunuzi; * Báb, The (chronology); Amanuensis; * Bahaullah (chronology); Imam Husayn; Prophecies; Karbala, Iraq; Iraq | first to believe in Bahá'u'lláh. |
1851 28 Aug 185- |
Bahá'u'lláh arrived in Karbalá via Baghdád on His pilgrimage. He stayed for 10 months. [BKG67; DB593; GPB70]
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* Bahaullah (chronology); Pilgrimage; * Bahá'u'lláh, Basic timeline; - Basic timeline, Expanded; Karbala, Iraq; Baghdad, Iraq; Iraq | |
1851 4 Aug 185- |
Áqá 'Alí-Akbar-i-Hakkák was blown from a canon after refusing to recant. [BW18:382] | Canons; Persecution, Iran; - Persecution, Deaths; - Persecution | |
1851 Aug 185- |
Bahá'u'lláh spent most of August in Kirmánsháh. [BKG67; DB90, 591] | * Bahaullah (chronology); Kirmánsháh, Iran; Iran | |
1851 23 Jul 185- |
Áqá Muhammad-Sádiq-i-Yúzdárání was beaten to death in Yazd after refusing to recant. [BW18:382] | Persecution, Iran; - Persecution, Deaths; - Persecution; Yazd, Iran; Iran | |
1851 Jun c. 185- |
Mírzá Taqí Khán met with Bahá'u'lláh and told Him that it would be advisable for Bahá'u'lláh to leave Tihrán temporarily. A few days later, He left for the 'Atabát (the Sacred Thresholds) on pilgrimage. [BKG66; DB587, 591] | Mírzá Taqi Khan; * Bahaullah (chronology); Tehran, Iran; Iran; Karbala, Iraq; Iraq | |
1851 1 May 185- |
Áqá Husayn was blown from a canon in Yazd. [BW18:382] | Canons; Persecution, Iran; - Persecution, Deaths; - Persecution; Yazd, Iran; Iran | |
1852 (In the year) 185- |
It was sometime when 'Abdu'l-Bahá was seven years old that he contracted tuberculosis and all indications were that there was no hope of recovery. He recounted while in Paris that He was rarely sick and that if He fell sick there was a purpose. | * `Abdu'l-Bahá (chronology); Tuberculosis; Tehran, Iran | |
1851 30 Apr 185- |
Mullá Hasan-i-Fadíl was executed in Yazd when he refused to recant. [BW18:382] | Persecution, Iran; - Persecution, Deaths; - Persecution; Yazd, Iran; Iran | |
1851 2 Mar 185- |
Four Bábís brought from Zanján were executed in Tihrán. [BW18:382] | Persecution, Iran; - Persecution, Deaths; - Persecution; Tehran, Iran; Zanjan, Iran; Iran | |
1851 2 Jan c. 185- |
End of the Zanján upheaval. [BW18:382]
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Hujjat; Zanjan upheaval; - Upheavals; Zanjan, Iran; Iran | |
1851 (In the year) 185- |
Mullá Zaynu'l-'Abidín (Zaynu'l-Muqarrabin), a prominent mujtahid, became a Bábí, in Najafábád. | Zaynul-Muqarrabin (Mulla Zaynul-Abidin); Najaf, Iranabad, Iran; Iran | |
1850 29 Dec 185- |
Hujjat died of his wounds. [B187; BRR122; BW18:382]
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Hujjat; Zanjan upheaval; - Upheavals; Zanjan, Iran; Iran | |
1850 early Dec 185- |
Hujjat was wounded in the arm. His companions laid down their arms and rushed to his assistance. The royal forces took advantage of the lull to breach the fortifications. [B187; BBR121; DB569]
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Hujjat; Zanjan upheaval; - Upheavals; Zanjan, Iran; Iran | |
1850 Nov-Dec 185- |
Muhammad Khán, the commander of the government forces at Zanján, tried to deceive Hujjat into surrendering by drawing up a peace proposal. Hujjat, recalling Tabarsí and Nayríz, responded by sending children and old men to Muhammad Khán, who had them thrown into a dungeon. This signalled the beginning of the final month-long siege at Zanján. [B186–7; DB564–8] | Muhammad Khan; Hujjat; Zanjan upheaval; - Upheavals; Zanjan, Iran; Iran | |
1850 3 Oct 185- |
Two of Vahíd's companions were executed in Shíráz. | Vahid (Siyyid Yahyay-i-Darabi); Persecution, Iran; - Persecution, Deaths; - Persecution; Shíráz, Iran; Iran | |
1850 25 Aug 185- |
The arrival of 'Azíz Khán-i-Mukrí, commander-in-chief of Iran's army, in Zanján where the fighting began in May continues. He took charge of the operation. [BBR119; BW18:382; DB556]
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Aziz Khan-i-Mukri; Commander-in-chief; Zanjan upheaval; - Upheavals; Ashraf; Mothers; Persecution, Iran; - Persecution, Deaths; - Persecution; Zanjan, Iran; Iran | |
1850 Aug c. 185- |
Mullá Abu'l-Hasan-i-Ardikání (Hájí Amín), Hand of the Cause, became a Bábí. | Hájí Amin (Abu'l-Hasan-i-Ardikani); - Hands of the Cause | |
1850 Jul 185- |
The Faith of the Báb had spread to two countries at this point, Iran and Iraq. [MBW147]
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Statistics; Bábí history; Iran; Iraq; - Middle East | |
1850 11 Jul 185- |
The bodies were removed from the moat and taken to a silk factory. [B159–60; DB519]
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Báb, Martyrdom of; Báb, Remains of; Tabríz, Iran; Iran | |
1850 10 Jul 185- |
The Russian Consul had an artist make a sketch of the body of the Báb. [Bab159; DB518; TN28; Sunburst P128-129]
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Russian officials; - Consuls; Báb, Sketches of; Báb, Martyrdom of; * Báb, The (chronology); Tabríz, Iran; Iran | |
1850 9 Jul 185- |
Martyrdom of the Báb
In the morning the Báb was taken to the homes of the leading clerics to obtain the death-warrants. [Bab155; DB508]
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Báb, Martyrdom of; * Báb, The (chronology); Báb, Remains of; Holy days; Anís Zunízí (Mírzá Muhammad-`Alíy-i-Zunízí); Sam Khan; - Basic timeline, Condensed; - Basic timeline, Expanded; * Báb, The, Basic timeline; Persecution, Iran; - Persecution, Deaths; - Persecution; - Basic timeline, Expanded; Tabríz, Iran; Iran | |
1850 8 Jul 185- |
The Báb, divested of His turban and sash, was taken on foot to the barracks in Tabríz. Mírzá Muhammad-'Alíy-i-Zunúzí, Anís, threw himself at the feet of the Báb and asked to go with Him. [Bab153; DB507]
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* Báb, The (chronology); Báb, Martyrdom of; Turbans; Barracks; Anís Zunízí (Mírzá Muhammad-`Alíy-i-Zunízí); Persecution, Iran; - Persecution, Deaths; - Persecution; * Báb, The, Basic timeline; - Basic timeline, Expanded; Tabríz, Iran; Iran | |
1850 29 Jun 185- |
The Báb arrived in Tabríz. [BBR76]
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* Báb, The (chronology); * Báb, The, Basic timeline; - Basic timeline, Expanded; Tabríz, Iran; Iran | |
1850 29 Jun 185- |
Vahíd was martyred in Nayríz. [Bab182; BW18:381; DB495, 499; GPB42; RB1:265]
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Vahid (Siyyid Yahyay-i-Darabi); Persecution, Iran; - Persecution, Deaths; - Persecution; Nayriz, Iran; Tabríz, Iran; Iran | |
1850 Jun 185- |
The first known written Bábi marriage certificate was between Mírzá Muhammad Ja'far Khan and Tuba Khánum, the daughter of Vahid. It was signed and dated a few days before Vahid's martyrdom and was written in Vahid's handwriting. The dowry was set at one Vahid (19 mithqals of gold). [Vahid's Heroic Stand - Nayriz 1850 video at 11min 21seconds] | Mírzá Muhammad Jafar Khan; Tuba Khanum; Vahid (Siyyid Yahyay-i-Darabi); Marriage; Marriage certificate; Nayriz, Iran; Iran | first written Bábi marriage certificate |
1850 24 Jun 185- |
The severed heads of 13 Bábís arrived in Shíráz from Nayríz. They were raised on lances and paraded through the town. [B182; BW18:381] | Persecution, Iran; - Persecution, Deaths; - Persecution; Nayriz upheaval; - Upheavals; Shíráz, Iran; Nayriz, Iran; Iran | |
1850 21 Jun 185- |
End of the first Nayríz upheaval. [BBRXXIX, 112]
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Vahid (Siyyid Yahyay-i-Darabi); Nayriz upheaval; - Upheavals; Nayriz, Iran; Iran |
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