Bahai Library Online

Chronology of the Bahá'í Faith

World Canada
   

Date 199-, sorted by date, descending

date event tags firsts
28 Dec
199-
In a message from the Universal House of Justice addressed to the Bahá'ís of the world, some laws of the Kitáb-i-Aqdas which had not yet been universally applied were put into effect. Those were the laws that directly foster the devotional life of the individual and of the community which pertained to obligatory prayer, fasting and recitation of the Greatest Name ninety-five times a day.
  • Those laws of the Kitáb-i-Aqdas that were not yet universally applicable were delineated in the message dated 8 February, 2001.
  • - Bahá'í World Centre; - Basic timeline, Expanded; - Gradual implementation of laws; Fasting; Greatest Name; Kitáb-i-Aqdas (Most Holy Book); Laws; Obligatory prayer
    1999 12 Dec
    199-
    A report titled Issues Pertaining to Growth, Retention and Consolidation in the United States by the National Teaching Committee of the United States was tabled. This report suggested areas of strategic focus to pursue in the individual and collective efforts to advance the process of entry by troops in the United States. While affirming all of the major strategic objectives set by the Universal House of Justice for this Plan, the report explored how those objectives could be met within the context of the specific challenges and opportunities faced by the believers.

    The report concluded by offering a series of specific suggestions in these areas: 1 .Achieving a new mindset about growth 2. Continued development of local and national outreach and follow-up 3 . Building our communities: dealing with diversity of many kinds 4. Development of Training Institutes 5. Improving local stewardship 6. Improving our discourse about teaching 7. The leadership of the Regional Bahá'í Councils

    A Word version of the full report is available here.

    Entry by troops; Wilmette, IL
    1999 1 - 8 Dec
    199-
    The Parliament hosted the second modern-day Parliament of the World's Religions in Cape Town, South Africa in December 1999, attended by 7,000+ global participants.

    The document A Call to Our Guiding Institutions served as the centrepiece for the working sessions of the Assembly. The Call—the result of a three-year drafting process—was addressed to eight of the world's most powerful and most influential institutions, inviting each to reflect on and redefine its role for a new century. [Capetown 1999]

    Cape Town, South Africa; Parliament of the World's Religions; South Africa
    1999 9 Nov
    199-
    The announcement by the Universal House of Justice of the creation of the Office of Correspondence at the World Centre to improve communication between the World Centre and the Bahá'í World by assisting the Secretariat of the House of Justice in responding to routine requests and inquiries made to the World Center and also to handle a broader range of such correspondence, over its own signature, following policies laid down for this purpose. [Universal House of Justice 9 November, 1999] - Bahá'í World Centre; Haifa, Israel; Office of Correspondence
    1999 Nov
    199-
    The publication of A Clarification of Some Issues Concerning Social and Economic Development in Local and National Communities prepared by the Office of Social and Economic Development at the Bahá'í World Centre. It was written to respond to a number of questions that have arisen over the previous few years. It touched on such issues as degrees of complexity in development activity, the relationship between teaching and development, and participation in development projects. - Bahá'í World Centre; Office of Social and Economic Development (OSED); Social and economic development
    1999 Sep
    199-
    The murder of Abdullah Mogharrabi in Dushanbe, Tajikistan. It was determined that he was killed for his religious beliefs. [One Country Jan-Mar 2002 Vol13 Issue 4] - Persecution; - Persecution, Deaths; Dushanbe, Tajikistan; Persecution, Tajikistan; Tajikistan
    1999 Sep
    199-
    September 1999 President Ṣāliḥ was again returned to office, this time in the country's first direct presidential elections and for a term lengthened to seven years. He had run virtually unopposed, as the YSP candidate was unable to secure the minimum number of votes necessary in the GPC-dominated parliament to stand in the election. Yemen; Yemen, Recent history
    1999 24 Aug
    199-
    Message from the Department of the Secretariat to the National Spiritual Assembly of the United States on behalf of the Universal House of Justice regarding the funding and deputization of Training Institutes. [Mess86-01p689-692, 24 August, 1999] - Bahá'í World Centre; Deputization; Funds; Training Institutes
    1999 15 - 18 Aug
    199-
    A conference was held Sidcot, Avon, United Kingdom, hosted jointly by the International Environmental Forum with the Bahá'í Agency for Social and Economic Development - UK. It brought together 44 participants from 13 countries on 5 continents, as well as internet connection with an additional 70 "electronic" conference participants in 29 countries, for a total of 114 participants from 38 countries, including 8 in Africa. [International Environment Forum web site]
  • See the website for a list of papers presented.
  • Bahá'í Agency for Social and Economic Development (United Kingdom); Conferences, Bahá'í; Sidcot School, England; Social and economic development; United Kingdom
    1999 4 Jul
    199-
    In a message addressed to selected National Spiritual Assemblies, the Universal House of Justice delineated the policies concerning the publication and translation of historical documents.

    Appendix I was a letter from the Department of the Secretariat Letter 4 May 1999 to an individual in response to an inquiry requesting (1) clarification of the policies governing access to sources at the Bahá'í World Centre and (2) regarding publication of primary source material available to people through other avenues.

    Appendix II Policies Governing Authorized and Provisional Translations of the Bahá'í Holy Writings into English and their Publication

    Appendix III Policies Governing the Publication and Translation of Bahá'í Historical Documents

    * Translation; - Bahá'í World Centre; - Publishing, Review; Publishing, Policy and practice; Translation, Policy; Translation, Provisional; Translation into English
    1999 4 Jul
    199-
    In a message from the Department of the Secretariat the Universal House of Justice clarified an issue related to publication of Bahá'í Sacred Texts. It was stated that it would not be proper to publish a full-text edition of a Bahá'í Sacred Text incorporating a study guide. [4 July 1999] - Bahá'í World Centre; - Study guides; Publishing, Policy and practice
    1999 21 Jun
    199-
    The passing of Meherangiz Munsiff in London (b. 23 November, 1923 Bombay, India) Born into a Bahá'í family she travelled in India with Martha Root at the age of 14 years. She was appointed Knight of Bahá'u'lláh for the French Cameroons. In addition she visited more than 150 countries to teach and assist in the development of Bahá'í communities and was known as a lecturer and an activist among the international humanitarian community. [BW99-00p308-309]
  • An autobiography Lifeline:A Life of Prayer and Service as Experienced by Meherangiz Munsiff, Knight of Baha'u'llah, was published by George Ronald Publishers in October of 2022. It was written by Meherangiz Munsiff, Jyoti Munsiff (her daughter), and Pixie MacCallum.
  • - Biography; - First Bahá'ís by country or area; London, England; Meherangiz Munsiff; United Kingdom first to pioneer to the French Cameroons
    1999 June
    199-
    The dedication of the first academic chair in Bahá'í studies in Israel at Hebrew University of Jerusalem with the appointment of Prof. Moshe Sharon. The position was made possible because of an anonymous donation. [Jerusalem Post, June 7, 1999, BWNS84] Bahá'í World News Service (BWNS); Chair in Bahá'í Studies; Donations; Firsts, other; Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Israel; Jerusalem, Israel; Moshe Sharon; Universities First academic chair in Bahá'í studies in Israel at Hebrew University of Jerusalem
    1999 5 May
    199-
    Firuz Kazemzadeh, Secretary for External Affairs for the National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of the United States, was appointed by President Clinton as a member of the United States Commission on International Religious Freedom. White House Press Release Firuz Kazemzadeh; Human rights; NSA; Religious freedom; United States (USA); United States Commissions; United States government
    1999 Ridván
    199-
    The Universal House of Justice announced in its Ridván Message that ....."(t)he further creation of national and regional training institutes, now numbering 344, has pressed this development forward, with the result that, apart from North America and Iran where numerous courses have been given, some 70,000 individuals have already completed at least one institute course." [Mess86-01p668]

    Further, in its message of 26 November 1999 it stated that "An impressive network of training institutes on a scale but dimly imagined at the start of the Plan has been established throughout the world. These nascent centres of learning have made significant strides in developing formal programmes and in putting into place effective systems for the delivery of courses. Reports indicate that the number of believers benefiting directly from training courses has climbed to nearly 100,000." [Message 26 November, 1999]

    - Bahá'í World Centre; - Institute process; Statistics; Training Institutes
    1999 Ridván
    199-
    National Spiritual Assembly of Macedonia was formed with its seat in Skopje. [Ridván Message 156]
    1999 Ridván
    199-
    National Spiritual Assembly of Estonia was formed with its seat in Tallinn. [BW99-00p44-45, Ridván Message 156]
  • The Regional Spiritual Assembly of the Baltic States (Latvia and Lithuania and Estonia) that had been formed in 1992 was dissolved.
  • Estonia; National Spiritual Assembly, formation
    1999 Ridván
    199-
    National Spiritual Assembly of Lithuania was formed. [BW99-00p44-45, Ridván Message 156]
  • The Regional Spiritual Assembly of the Baltic States (Latvia and Lithuania and Estonia) that had been formed in 1992 was dissolved.
  • Lithuania; National Spiritual Assembly, formation
    1999 Ridván
    199-
    National Spiritual Assembly of Latvia was formed. [BW99-00p44-45, Ridván Message 156]
  • The Regional Spiritual Assembly of the Baltic States (Latvia and Lithuania and Estonia) that had been formed in 1992 was dissolved.
  • Latvia; National Spiritual Assembly, formation; Riga, Latvia
    1999 19 Apr
    199-
    The Islamic Revolutionary Court in Isfahan sentenced Sina Hakiman (10 yrs), Farzad Khajeh Sharifabadi (7 yrs), Havivullhh Ferdosian Najafabadi (7 yrs) and Ziaullah Mirzapanah (3yrs) for crimes against national security. All four were among the thirty-six who were arrested in late September and in early October, 1998 in a concerted government crackdown against Bahá'í education in fourteen cities in Iran.
  • It was reported that over 500 homes were raided in an attempt to crack down on the Bahá'í Open University. Files, equipment and other property used by the University were seized. From report by Human Rights Watch Academic Freedom Committee.
  • * Persecution, Iran; - Persecution; - Persecution, Court cases; - Persecution, Education; Bahá'í Institute for Higher Education (BIHE); Court cases; Education; Human rights; Iran; Isfahan, Iran
    1999 7 Apr
    199-
    The Universal House of Justice distributed a compilation entitled Issues Related to the Study of the Bahá'í Faith. The compilation had been first published in Bahá'í Canada in May 1998.
  • See the complete history of this document at Bahai-Library.com.
  • See as well a follow-up to the "Issues Related to the Study of the Baha'i Faith" letter, a message from the Universal House of Justice dated 14 November 2005.
  • - Bahá'í World Centre; Bahá'í studies; Protection
    1999 19 Jan
    199-
    The National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of Russia formally received its re-registration documents under the new law on religious organizations that was passed by the Russian Parliament in the fall of 1997.
  • Formal recognition as a "centralized religious organization" entitled the community to full rights to teach and proclaim the Faith, publish and import literature, rent and own property, invite foreign nationals etc. [From "European Bulletin" Issue 60 February 1999]
  • National Spiritual Assembly; Russia; Russian Parliament
    1999 12 - 14 Jan
    199-
    During the World Faiths Development Dialogue continuation in Johannesburg, Matt Weinberg, director of research for the Office of Public Information of the Bahá'í International Community, presented a statement Religious Values and the Measurement of Poverty and Prosperity that addressed the question of how to measure the application of spiritual principles in development. [One Country] - BIC statements; Bahá'í International Community; Johannesburg, South Africa; Matt Weinberg; South Africa; World Faiths Development Dialogue (WFDD)
    1999 (In the year)
    199-
    The publication of Sacred Time; Babi and Baha'i History and Biography by John Wallbridge. The paper deals with stories of the early martyrs, the Bahá'í Faith in Turkey, and the Faith in Iran as well as miscellaneous topics. * Publications; Bábí history; Bahá'í history; John Walbridge; Lansing, MI
    1999 (in the year)
    199-
    Mona Foundation was founded in 1999. The Foundation supports grassroots educational initiatives that provide education to all children, increase opportunities for women and girls, and emphasize service to the community. The goal is to alleviate global poverty and support community led transformation such that no child ever goes to bed hungry, is lost to preventable diseases, or is deprived of the gift of education for lack of resources. The core belief is that the keys to alleviating poverty are universal education, gender equality, and community building.
  • The headquarters is located in Washington, DC with chapters in Los Angeles, Seattle, Portland and San Diego. There is a sister organization in Vancouver, Canada. [Website]
  • See Borgen Magazine for the Mona Foundation 20 years on.

    The following are the results of the foundation's work with partner organizations in 2020.

    • 2,286,575 students enrolled (in-class and online)
    • 3,145 teachers trained
    • 23,494 parents trained
    • 568 known service projects
    • 833 schools served
    • 3,246 known communities served (by schools or service projects)
    • 864,705 individuals impacted by the Mona Foundation outreach programs
  • - Social and Economic Development Organizations; Los Angeles, CA; Mona Foundation; Portland, OR; San Diego, CA; Seattle, WA; Vancouver, BC
    1999 ...and beyond
    199-
    Based on initial experiences, the Institute for Studies in Global Prosperity learned that many people – including many university students and young professionals were interested in exploring the concepts the Institute was working with, and were interested in developing the capacity to contribute to contemporary discourses through a framework that drew on insights from both science and religion. Therefore, the Institute initiated another line of action focused on raising capacity in university students and young adults to contribute to the discourse on science, religion and development, as well as to other discourses related to the betterment of society. The Institute now conducts a series of undergraduate and graduate seminars in a growing number of countries for this purpose.
  • Seminars for Undergraduate Students
  • Seminars for University Graduates
  • Institute for Studies in Global Prosperity (ISGP)
    1999 (in the year)
    199-
    The founding of the Institute for Studies in Global Prosperity (ISGP) as a non-profit organization to work in collaboration with the Bahá'í International Community and dedicated to building capacity in individuals, groups and institutions to contribute to prevalent discourses concerned with the betterment of society. One of the purposes of the Institute was to explore, with others, the complementary roles that science and religion – as co-evolving systems of knowledge and practice – must play in the advancement of civilization. Principles, concepts and approaches that are relevant to the advancement of civilization are to be explored through a process of study, reflection and consultation. [ISPG Web site; Bahaipedia; BWNS1266]
    • See various FaceBook pages including ISGP's The Forum.
  • In the Ridván 2001 Message it was stated that the Institute for the Studies in Global Prosperity, (was) a new agency operating under the aegis of the Bahá'í International Community. [Ridván 2001]
  • * Science; Bahá'í International Community; Institute for Studies in Global Prosperity (ISGP); New York, USA; Public discourse (discourses of society); United States (USA)
    1998 23 Nov
    199-
    The National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of the United States announced the results of the elections for their first Regional Councils. Four were elected in the regions corresponding to those mentioned in The Tablets of the Divine Plan. [Results of the First Regional Bahá'í Council Election] Regional Bahá'í Councils; Regional Council; Tablets of the Divine Plan; United States (USA)
    1998 6 - 8 Nov
    199-
    The 2nd International Conference of the Environment Forum was held in the Netherlands with wide electronic participation on the themes of sustainable consumption and the Earth Charter. The first theme of the conference, sustainable consumption, was introduced by a keynote address on "Sustainable Consumption and True Prosperity" by Arthur Dahl. [IEF 2nd Annual Conference ] - Conferences, International; Arthur Dahl; Conferences, Bahá'í; Conferences, Environment; Environment; International Environment Forum (IEF); Netherlands
    1998 29 Sep
    199-
    Starting this date until October 2nd, in Iran, the government raided some 500 private homes and the arrested some 30 faculty members in efforts to close the Bahá'í Institute for Higher Education, a decentralized university that aimed to give Bahá'í students access to the education they have been otherwise denied.
  • The Institute offered Bachelor's degrees in ten subject areas: applied chemistry, biology, dental science, pharmacological science, civil engineering, computer science, psychology, law, literature, and accounting. Within these subject areas, which were administered by five "departments," the Institute was able to offer more than 200 distinct courses each term.
  • In the beginning, courses were based on correspondence lessons developed by Indiana University, which was one of the first institutions in the West to recognize the Bahá'í Institute for Higher Education. Later on, course offerings were developed internally.
  • Teaching was done principally via correspondence, or, for specialized scientific and technical courses and in other special cases, in small-group classes that were usually held in private homes. Over time, however, the Institute was able to establish a few laboratories, operated in privately owned commercial buildings in and around Teheran, for computer science, physics, dental science, pharmacology, applied chemistry, and language study. The operations of these laboratories were kept prudently quiet, with students cautioned not to come and go in large groups that might give the authorities a reason to object.
  • Among other significant human rights conventions, Iran is a party to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, which was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on 16 December 1966. Parties to this Covenant "recognize the right of everyone to education" and more specifically that "higher education shall be made equally accessible to all, on the basis of capacity, by every appropriate means." ["The New York Times" article dated 29 October 1998, One Country Oct-Dec 1998 Vol 10 Issue 3]
  • On the 29th of October, 2019, IranWire featured a story on the BIHE and one of its graduates, Pedram Roushan, a physicist originally from Sari in Mazandaran province. On the 28th of August 2020 Pedram Roushan was featured in another IranWire article about his work with the Google Artificial Intelligence Quantum team. They had just published an article called Hartree-Fock on a superconducting qubit quantum computer in "Science Magazine".
  • * Persecution, Iran; - Persecution; - Persecution, Education; Bahá'í Institute for Higher Education (BIHE); Education; Human rights; Iran; Pedram Roushan
    1998 29 Jul
    199-
    The passing of actor and writer O. Z. Whitehead at the age of 87 in Dublin. (b. in New York City on 18 March 1911).
  • His most acclaimed performance and best remembered role remained that of Al in John Ford's classic 1940 film version of John Steinbeck's The Grapes of Wrath.
  • After the World Congress in 1963 he pioneered to the Irish Republic where, among other services to the Faith, he served on the National Spiritual Assembly.
  • He published three volumes of pen portraits, Some Early Bahá'ís of the West (1976), Some Bahá'ís to Remember (1983), and Portraits of Some Bahá'í Women (1996).
  • He is remembered as a champion of the Arts. [Bahá'í Studies Review Vol8, 1998]
  • See Robert Weinberg's O. Z. Whitehead (1911-1998):Actor and writer that was published in Bahá'í Studies Review No 8 in 1998.
  • - Biography; - Pioneers; Dublin, Ireland; Ireland; NSA; O. Z. Whitehead
    1998 21 Jul
    199-
    Mr. Ruhu'llah Rawhani, a 52-year-old medical supplies salesman was hanged in Mashhad solely for religious reasons. Later that morning, Mr. Rawhani's family was summoned to collect his body and required, despite their protests, to complete the burial within one hour, under the supervision of Government intelligence agents.
  • In 1984, Mr. Rawhani was arrested and imprisoned for more than a year. According to an account given by Mr. Rawhani's relatives in the Australian Bahá'í News, Mr. Rawhani was tortured during his first imprisonment. He was arrested a second time in the mid 1990's. The charge was apparently related to his work in the conduct of purely religious activities, such as prayer meetings and children's classes. He was released after 24 hours.
  • Mr. Rawhani was arrested for a third time in September 1997 and placed in solitary confinement in Mashhad. He had been accused of "converting" a woman from Islam to the Bahá'í Faith. The woman, however, denied that she had converted; she explained that her mother was a Bahá'í and that she herself had been raised as a Bahá'í. She was not arrested.
  • The killing of Mr. Rawhani was the first government execution of a Bahá'í in Iran in six years, and was coupled with the widespread arrest of some 32 Bahá'í educators in fourteen different cities throughout Iran in late September and early October. From the Daily Telegraph, August 2nd 1998. [One Country Jul-Sep 1998 Vol 10 Issue 2, One Country Oct-Dec 1998 Vol 10 Issue 3, Archives of Bahá'í Persecution in Iran]
  • See the message from the Universal House of Justice dated 29 September, 1998.
  • See the website of the Rowhani Bahá'í School that was established in the town of Luganville in Vanuatu in his memory. It began in 1999 with 7 students in small room above a stationary store and now (2021) has about 230 students from K to year 10.
  • * Persecution, Iran; - Persecution; - Persecution, Arrests; - Persecution, Deaths; - Persecution, Education; Iran; Luganville, Vanuatu; Mashhad, Iran; Rowhani Bahá'í School, Vanuatu; Vanuatu
    1998 17 Jul
    199-
    The International Criminal Court was established by the Rome Statue on this date and put into force by the United Nations on 1 July, 2002.
  • The Rome Statute established four core international crimes: genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and the crime of aggression. Those crimes "shall not be subject to any statute of limitations" (Article 29).
  • The ICC sits in the Netherlands at The Hague.
  • 120 countries have signed on to the treaty. some countries that are not members are: USA, Russia, India, Israel, and China. [Encyclopaedia Britannica]
  • International Criminal Court; Italy; Netherlands; Rome, Italy; The Hague, Netherlands
    1998 10 Jun
    199-
    In a message to the International Teaching Centre marking the 25th anniversary of its inauguration, the Universal House of Justice provided an overview of their duties and a general framework for their operations. The attachment was entitled Overview of Duties Exercised by the International Teaching Centre under the Guidance of the Universal House of Justice. [10 June 1998] - Bahá'í World Centre; International Teaching Centre
    1998 3 May
    199-
    The Universal House of Justice announced the election of Mr. Ali Nakhjavani, Mr. Glenford Mitchell, Mr. Adib Taherzadeh, Mr. Ian Semple, Mr. Peter Khan, Mr. Hushmand Fatheazam, Mr. Hooper Dunbar, Mr. Farzam Arbab and Mr. Douglas Martin. The membership remained unchanged from the previous election. [Mess86-01 264.1 p618] - Bahá'í World Centre; Universal House of Justice, Election of
    1998 Ridván
    199-
    The former Regional Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of the Czech and Slovak Republics was re-formed with the election of the new national assembly in Slovakia and the other became the National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of the Czech Republic with the seat remaining in Prague. [BW26 p34; BW27p55] Czech Republic; National Spiritual Assembly, formation; Prague, Czech Republic
    1998 Ridván
    199-
    Three new National Spiritual Assemblies were elected at Ridván, two in Malaysia, the National Spiritual Assembly of Sabah with its seat in Kota Kinabalu, and the National Spiritual Assembly of Sarawak with it seat in Kuching. A third was elected in Europe, in Slovakia with its seat in Bratislava. [Ridán Message 1998; BW26p34; BW27p57 &58]

    With these new assemblies, the number of National Spiritual Assemblies rose to 179. [Ridván 155]

    National Spiritual Assembly, formation; Sabah, Malaysia; Sarawak, Malaysia; Slovakia; Statistics
    1998 Ridván
    199-
    The National Spiritual Assembly was re-established in Liberia with its seat in Monrovia. [Ridán Message 1998]
  • The Assembly, which had been established as an independent national spiritual assembly in 1982, had been disbanded during the civil war which began in 1991 and was re-formed as this time when the civil war ended. [BW98-99p54-55]
  • Liberia; Monrovia, Liberia; National Spiritual Assembly, formation
    1998 Ridván
    199-
    The Universal House of Justice announced in its Ridvan Message the "ten of thousands of individuals have over the last two years completed at least one institute course." [Mess86-01p612] - Bahá'í World Centre; - Institute process; Growth; Statistics; Training Institutes
    1998 8 Apr
    199-
    The passing of Florence Virginia Wilson Mayberry (b. 18 September 1906 in Sleeper, Missouri) in Marshfield, Missouri. She became a Bahá'í in 1941 in Reno, Nevada. From 1954 to 1959 she served on the first Auxiliary Board for North America covering the Western States and Canada. While serving as an Auxiliary Board member, Florence was elected to the National Spiritual Assembly of the United States in 1959. Shortly after the Mayberry family pioneered to Mexico in 1961 where Mrs. Mayberry was elected to serve on the National Spiritual Assembly of that country and participated in the first International Bahá'í Convention in 1963. In 1968 she was appointed to the Continental Board of Counsellors for North America, then in 1973 she was appointed as one of three Counselors of the newly established International Teaching Center where she served for 10 years. [BW26p275]
  • Her autobiography, The Great Adventure was published by Nine Pines Publishing in 1994.
  • She was a mystery writer. She had a number of stories published in Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine.
  • Find a grave.
  • - Biography; - In Memoriam; Auxiliary board members; Counsellors; Florence Mayberry; International Teaching Centre; Marshfield, MO; Sleeper, MO
    1998 Apr
    199-
    The publication of the booklet Training Institutes by the Universal House of Justice. [TP323342] * Publications; - Bahá'í World Centre; - Institute process; Training Institutes; Training Institutes, documents
    1998 25 March
    199-
    The passing of former Universal House of Justice member (1963-1993) Mr. Hugh E Chance (b. 28 December, 1911 in Winfield, Kansas d. 25 March,1998 in Tisdale KS.). [BW97-98p271-272]
  • Mr Chance had been a member of the National Spiritual Assembly of the United States from 1961 to 1963.
  • Kansapedia.
  • He was the co-author of "A Crown of Beauty" with Eunice Braun which was published by George Ronald in 1982.
  • - Biography; - In Memoriam; Hugh Chance; Kansas, USA; Tisdale, KS; United States (USA)
    1998 2 - 13 Mar
    199-
    During the 42nd Session of the UN Commission on the Status of Women in March, the Bahá'í International Community presented its statement Empowering the Girl Child, which supported the girl child as a critical area of concern. [UN Women] - BIC statements; Bahá'í International Community; New York City, NY; United Nations; Women
    1998 18 -19 Feb
    199-
    World Faiths and Development Dialogue (WFDD) hosted an event at Lambeth Palace in London that brought together spiritual leaders from nine major religions as well as traditional development experts. This gathering was dedicated to discussing development in the context of how faith and development organizations can cooperate to improve development as a process that encompasses both the spiritual and material aspects of life.The Bahá'í International Community contributed a paper entitled Valuing Spirituality in Development: Initial Considerations Regarding the Creation of Spiritually Based Indicators for Development. [BIC History 1 January 1998]
  • Kiser Barnes, Counsellor and member of the International Teaching Centre represented the International Bahá'í Community. Accompanying him was Lawrence Arturo, Director of the Bahá'í International Office of the Environment in New York City and Bahá'í Representative to the United Nations on environmental and development issues. [One Country] .
  • - BIC statements; Bahá'í International Community; Kiser Barnes; Lawrence Arturo; London, England; United Kingdom; World Faiths Development Dialogue (WFDD)
    1998 Feb
    199-
    The Bahá'í Open University resumed activities after the seizure of much of their assets four months earlier by the Iranian government.

    The institute seemed to be a relatively safe alternative for non-Islamic students until this time when Iranian government agents arrested 36 BIHE faculty members. The Bahá'ís set up a network of more than 45 private libraries in Baha'i homes so that students could access textbooks discreetly. Raids occurring in 1998 led to officials seizing some of these libraries along with many of the photocopiers used to distribute assignments. [The Borgen Magazine 14 November 2021]

  • It is estimated that by 1998 the BIHE had approximately 150 professors and 900 students. ["Others" In Their Own Land 41min 39sec]
  • * Persecution, Iran; - Persecution; - Persecution, Education; Bahá'í Institute for Higher Education (BIHE); Iran
    1998 31 Jan
    199-
    The Spiritual Assembly of Budapest set up a marble plaque in the garden of the National Museum at the site where Amatu'l-Bahá Rúhiyyih Khánum planted a tree during her visit in 1993 to commemorate 'Abdu'l-Bahá's visit in 1913. The ceremony opened the National Spritual Assembly's campaign marking the eighty-fifth anniversary of the Bahá'í Faith in Hungary. [BW1997-98 p 103-104] `Abdu'l-Bahá, Second Western tour; `Abdu'l-Bahá, Travels of; Amatul-Bahá Ruhiyyih Khanum; Budapest, Hungary; Hungary; Trees
    1998 17 Jan
    199-
    The passing of Artemus Dwight Lamb (b. 20 January 1905 in Iowa, United States, d. San Salvador, El Salvador). He was buried in Cementerio Jardin Antiguo Cuscatlan, El Salvador. [Find a grave]

    He enrolled in the Bahá’í Faith in 1939 and left the United States in 1944 to pioneer to Punta Arenas, Chile, and later moved to Costa Rica. Mr. Lamb lived in Central America and Mexico for the rest of his life. From 1951 to 1961 he served first on the National Spiritual Assembly of Central America and the Antilles and then on the National Spiritual Assembly of Central America; from 1963 to 1968 he served as an Auxiliary Board member for the region; and from 1968 to 1985 he served on the Continental Board of Counsellors for the Americas. He wrote many booklets and pamphlets and in 2003 George Ronald published his much-loved book, The Odyssey of the Soul.

    At the time of his passing the Universal House of Justice described him as “dearly-loved,” “steadfast, noble-hearted, self-effacing” and recalled his “sterling achievements” in Latin America with “keen admiration.” [BW26p273-4]

    - In Memoriam; Artemus Lamb
    1997 24-26 Oct
    199-
    The International Environment Forum was launched at the first International Bahá'í Environment Conference in de Poort, Netherlands, with participants from nine countries, who were joined electronically by people from 21 countries participating in the e-mail version of the conference.
  • A Bahá'í Perspective on the Environment and Sustainable Development was presented by Michael Richards of the Overseas Development Institute in London.
  • At the conference, the objectives, activities and structure of the Forum were agreed and statutes adopted, and a governing board of five people was elected.
  • It is a Bahá'í-inspired non-governmental organization that linked together Bahá'ís and others interested in the fields of environment and sustainable development. Development of the Forum had been encouraged and guided by the Bahá'í International Community, although it had no formal link with the Bahá'í administration.
  • - BIC statements; - Conferences, International; - First conferences; Bahá'í International Community; Conferences, Bahá'í; De Poort, Netherlands; Environment; Groesbeek, Netherlands; International Environment Forum (IEF); Netherlands first International Bahá'í Environment Conference
    1997 1 Oct
    199-
    The release of the film Crossing Frontiers: Portrait of a World Citizen - Amatu'l-Baha Ruhiyyih Khanum by Badiyan Distribution. This video, on the life of the Hand of the Cause of God Amatu'l-Baha Ruhiyyih Khanum, explored the frontiers she crossed in her travels to over 185 countries promoting the essential teachings of the Bahá'í Faith. In the course of her travels she gave countless lectures, met many leading dignitaries, and was interviewed on radio, television and by the press throughout the world, continually promoting the teachings of the Bahá'í Faith. [9 Star Media]
  • The video has been made available on YouTube.
  • - Documentaries; - Film; Amatul-Bahá Ruhiyyih Khanum; Amatul-Bahá Ruhiyyih Khanum, Journeys of
    1997 - 2004
    199-
    The publication of the Bahá'í Journal UK. The first issue was published in 1997 and the last was Volume 20 No 5 published in January/February of 2004 where it was announced that the publication had been superseded by the UK Bahá'í Journal.
  • Scans of back issues can be found on Bahá'i Library.
  • Bahá'í Journal UK; United Kingdom
    1997 6 Jul
    199-
    Shahram Reza'i, a conscript in the army, was shot in the head by his superior officer at a military base near Rasht, Iran. The officer, who said the bullets were fired in error, was released a few days after a court excused him from paying the blood money normally required in such cases because the dead soldier was a Bahá'í. [One Country Jul-Sep 1998 Vol 10 Issue 2] * Persecution, Iran; - Persecution; - Persecution, Deaths; Court cases; Iran; Rasht, Iran
    1997 4 Jul
    199-
    Masha'llah Enayati, a 63-year-old man, died in custody while in prison in Isfahan after being severely beaten. [One Country Jul-Sep 1998 Vol 10 Issue 2] * Persecution, Iran; - Biography; - Persecution; - Persecution, Arrests; - Persecution, Deaths; Iran; Isfahan, Iran
    1997 30 May
    199-
    In its message of 30 May 1997 the Universal House of Justice announced that they have authorized the formation of "State Bahá'í Councils" or "Regional Teaching and Administrative Committees" to be called "Regional Bahá'í Councils. Their intention was to provide a balance between centralization and decentralization. This structure had been in place in some countries, notably India, for some years prior to this time. See 23 May, 1986. [TP87-90]
    For a synopsis of the letter see The Establishment of Regional Bahá'í Councils in Certain Countries, Their Characteristics and Functions.
    The distinguishing effects of the establishment of Regional Bahá'í Councils were the following:
  • It provided for a level of autonomous decision making on both teaching and administrative matters, as distinct from merely executive action, below the National Assembly and above the Local Assemblies.
  • It involved the members of Local Spiritual Assemblies of the area in the choice of the members of the Council, thus reinforcing the bond between it and the local believers while, at the same time, bringing into public service capable believers who were known to the friends in their own region.
  • It established direct consultative relationships between the Continental Counselors and the Regional Bahá'í Councils.
  • It offered the possibility of forming a Regional Bahá'í Council in an ethnically distinct region which covered parts of two or more countries. In such a situation the Council was designated to work directly under one of the National Assemblies involved, providing copies of its reports and minutes to the other National Assembly.
  • The greater degree of decentralization involved in the devolution of authority upon Regional Bahá'í Councils required a corresponding increase in the capacity of the National Spiritual Assembly itself to keep fully informed of what was proceeding in all parts of the territory over which it had ultimate jurisdiction.
  • - Bahá'í World Centre; Administration; Haifa, Israel; LSA; Local Spiritual Assemblies; NSA; National Spiritual Assemblies; Regional Bahá'í Councils; Regional Council; State Bahá'í Councils
    1997 27 Apr
    199-
    In the second parliamentary election in Yemen the GPC won a majority of the seats, Iṣlāḥ finished second, and the YSP (Yemen Socialist Party) virtually committed political suicide by boycotting the elections. Given its sizable majority, the GPC chose to rule alone, thereby making Iṣlāḥ the major opposition party in parliament. In late 1994 the plural executive had been abolished and President Ṣāliḥ reelected to a five-year term by parliament. Yemen; Yemen, Recent history
    1997 Ridván
    199-
    The Universal House of Justice restricted the formation of Local Spiritual Assemblies to the first day of Riḍván. This measure had the effect anticipated; there was a decrease in the number of these institutions but the fall was not drastic. [Message from the Universal House of Justice Ridván 2000]

    - Worldwide; Administration; Bahá'í Faith, Evolutionary nature of; Elections; Growth; LSA; Local Spiritual Assemblies; Maturity of humanity; Ridván; Statistics
    1997 Ridván
    199-
    The Universal House of Justice announced in its Ridván Message that nearly 200 Training Institutes had been established in the previous twelve months. [Mess86-01p580] - Bahá'í World Centre; - Institute process; Statistics; Training Institutes
    1997 Ridván
    199-
    The re-formation of the National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of Rwanda brought the total number of national spiritual assemblies to 175. [BW97-98p32] Kigali, Rwanda; National Spiritual Assembly, formation; Rwanda; Statistics
    1997 24 Mar - 16 May
    199-
    The nine member First Nations Travel Teaching Trip to the South Pacific, called "The Journey of Teech-ma" consisted of Canadian Bahá'ís from Kwakiutl, Nuu-Cha-Nuth, the Ojibway First Nations, a Yupik Bahá'í from Alaska and three non-Native Canadian friends. They shared their culture and their Faith with the Maori, other New Zealanders, the Aborigines and other Australians as well as the ne-Vanuatu peoples. See entry for 1994 (Summer). [SDSC370] - Aboriginal people; - First Nations, Canada; - Indigenous people; Australia; Canada; Maori people; New Zealand; Pacific; Travel Teaching; Vanuatu
    1997 15 Mar
    199-
    The Bahá'í International Community presented a statement The United Nations Decade for Human Rights Education during the 53rd Session of the UN Commission on Human Rights held in Geneva. This statement focused on educating children and youth to instill in them those virtues required for a progressive society. [BIC website 1 January 1997] - BIC statements; Bahá'í International Community; Geneva, Switzerland; Switzerland; United Nations
    1997 31 Jan
    199-
    The Universal House of Justice wrote all National Spiritual Assemblies, Continental Counsellors, and the International Teaching Centre about "advertisements...placed by the Covenant-breaker Joel Bray Marangella, seeking to revive his claim to be the "third Guardian of the Faith." [Reddit post]
  • Marganella died in 2013. [Bahaipedia]
  • - Bahá'í World Centre; Covenant-breaking; Joel Marangella
    1997 (In the year)
    199-
    The Tahirih Justice Center was founded to address the acute need for legal services of immigrant and refugee women who have fled to the U.S. to seek protection from human rights abuses.
  • The Center's founder, Ms. Layli Miller, created the Center after she was besieged by requests for legal assistance following her involvement in a high-profile case that set national precedent and revolutionized asylum law in the United States. The case was that of Fauziya Kassindja, a 17 year-old woman who fled Togo in fear of a forced polygamous marriage and a tribal practice known as female genital mutilation. After arriving in the U.S. and spending more than seventeen months in detention, Ms. Kassindja was granted asylum on June 13th, 1996 by the United States Board of Immigration Appeals in a decision that opened the door to gender-based persecution as a grounds for asylum. [Tahirih Justice Center]
  • For more on the Tahirih Justice Center see article in the Religion News Service.
  • Human rights; Layli Miller-Muro; Migration; Refugees; Tahirih Justice Center; United States (USA); Women
    1997 (In the year)
    199-
    In 1997 One Country launched its website that contained all the English issues of the newsletter published over the previous three years. [One Country Vol 23 Issue3, BW'86-92p539] - Newsletters; Bahá'í International Community; Internet; One Country (magazine); Websites
    1996 19 - 22 Sep
    199-
    The second European Bahá'í Conference on Law and International Order was held at the De Poort Conference Centre in Groesbeek, the Netherlands. The gathering featured Mohsen Enayat’s Dr. Aziz Navidi Memorial Lecture on “The Evolution of the World Order” and focused on the statement "Tuming Point for All Nations" and on the challenge of global governance. [BW25p86] Aziz Rohani; Conferences, Law; International Law; Law, International; Mohsen Enayat
    1996 1 Aug
    199-
    The Bahá'í International Community launched its first website. The site contained exclusively Baha'i International Community statements. Previously these statements had been hosted on an Internet Gopher server. [BIC History Launch of Official Website] Bahá'í International Community; New York City, NY first BIC website
    1996 22 Jul
    199-
    The ECOSOC in resolution 1996/6 (see p. 20) expanded the mandate of the Commission of the Status of Women and decided that it should take a leading role in monitoring and reviewing progress and problems in the implementation of the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action, and in mainstreaming a gender perspective in UN activities. Commission on the Status of Women (CSW); New York, USA; United Nations; United States (USA)
    1996 1 Jul
    199-
    The Bahá'í International Community launched the site "The Bahá'í World". Its stated purpose was to present "a collection of essays and articles that explore themes of relevance to the progress and well-being of humanity, highlight advancements in the worldwide Bahá'í community at the levels of thought and action, and reflect on the dynamic history of the Bahá'í Faith." It is one of the websites that continues the tradition initiated by Shoghi Effendi in 1926 when he began the publication of what came to be called "The Bahá'í World". Thirty-six volumes were published over to cover the period from 1925 to 2006, providing a public record of the Bahá'í international community's activities and achievements. [Ridván 1997]

    See 2019-05-23.

    - Bahá'í World Centre; - Bahá'í World volumes; Bahá'í World News Service (BWNS); Bahai.org; Bahá'í International Community; Internet; Websites
    1996 03 - 14 Jun
    199-
    The Bahá'í International Community and 150 Bahá'ís from many countries participated in the Second United Nations Conference on Human Settlements (Habitat II) and the parallel Non-Governmental Organization Forum in Istanbul. [BINS365:5]
  • The Bahá'í International Community presented a statement entitled Sustainable Communities in an Integrating World to the Plenary . [BIC History Habitat II]
  • - BIC statements; Bahá'í International Community; Istanbul, Turkey; Migration; Turkey; United Nations
    1996 May
    199-
    The closing of the Bahá'í discussion list called Talisman. It had been in operation since October 1994 and at one time had over 100 subscribers.

    Talisman eventually evolved into Talisman9 for 'free and open discussion of issues in the Bahá'í faith from an intellectual point of view', but welcomed criticism of Bahá'í institutions.

    Bahá'í-Studies was created by a Bahá'í sociologist at an American university for scholarly discussion of Baha'i academic and other issues.

    H-Bahai was initiated for academic discussion of Bábi and Bahá'í topics; membership was generally restricted to individuals with advanced degrees in fields relevant to Bahá'í studies. Somewhat later, Bridges was created for similar discussions, but with membership by invitation and restricted to Bahá'ís. [Seeking for Truth: Plausibility Alignment on a Bahá'í Email List by David Piff and Margit Warburg] iiiii. The current incarnation of Talisman is Tarikh, established 2003.

  • See as well 'The Baha'i Faith in America as Panopticon, 1963–1997', by J. Cole and 'Baha'i Leaders Vexed by On-line Critics', by K P Johnson
  • H-Bahá'í (email list); Talisman (email list)
    1996 Ridván
    199-
    National Spiritual Assemblies of Burundi and Rwanda were not able to form due to political instability in the region. The number of National Spiritual Assemblies remained at 174. [Riḍván 153 – To the Bahá'ís of the World] Burundi; National Spiritual Assembly, formation; Rwanda; Statistics
    1996 Ridván
    199-
    The National Spiritual Assembly of Moldova was formed. Moldova had been an independent republic following the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 and previously had been part of the National Spiritual Assembly of the Ukraine and Moldova. [BINS363:1–2; BW96-97p41]
  • The National Convention was attended by Knight of Bahá'u'lláh Annemarie Kruger. At that time she was a pioneer in Bulgaria and was in a very advanced age. [Candle 9]
  • See Candle9 28 July, 2008 for a history of the Faith.
  • The National Spiritual Assembly of the Ukraine was now an independent Assembly.
  • Moldova; National Spiritual Assembly, formation
    1996 Ridván
    199-
    The National Spiritual Assembly of São Tomé and Príncipe was formed with its seat in São Tomé. [BINS363:1; BW96-97p41; Mess86-01p474]
  • For picture see BINS366:9.
  • National Spiritual Assembly, formation; Principe; Sao Tome and Principe
    1996 Ridván (and after)
    199-
    The International Financial Collaboration programme was established by the Universal House of Justice to allow those national communities which are materially well endowed to assist other communities. Around 40 National Assemblies will be donors.
  • The programme is "... used to meet a variety of needs: the acquisition of land and buildings for national and local Baha'i Centres and for future Temple sites; the construction and renovation of Bahá'í properties, including the repair of buildings that suffered storm or earthquake damage; and the purchase of such items as an electricity generator, an office computer, and a motorcycle." They add further: "[b]eyond that, the bonds of unity between geographically distant national communities have been strengthened and the worldwide solidarity of the believers enhanced." [Letter from the Universal House of Justice to the National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of the United Kingdom dated 17 July 2011 quoted in the UK BAHA'I NEWS EMAIL SERVICE dated 11 August 2011]

    Update: In a message from the National Spiritual Assembly of the UK to all believers in the UK dated 20 January 2024, it was stated that their National Assembly of one of 57 donor National Spiritual Assemblies in this program. [GC-37891]

  • - Bahá'í World Centre; - Restoration and renovation; Funds; International Financial Collaboration programme; NSA; Property; Purchases and exchanges; Universal House of Justice
    1996 Ridván
    199-
    The terraces below the Shrine of the Báb were completed and opened to pilgrims. - Bahá'í World Centre; - Bahá'í World Centre; Arc project; Báb, Shrine of (Haifa); Terraces of the Shrine of the Báb (Haifa)
    1996 Ridván
    199-
    The Universal House of Justice made further clarifications on the subject of Training Institutes in the message addressed to the Bahá'ís of the World as well as in the regional messages. It placed the establishment and development of training institutes in the context of the far-reaching changes that would characterize the progress of the Faith in this period of Bahá'í history.
    "What the friends throughout the world are now being asked to do is to commit themselves, their material resources, their abilities and their time to the development of a network of training institutes on a scale never before attempted. These centers of Bahá'í learning will have as their goal one very practical outcome, namely, the raising up of large numbers of believers who are trained to foster and facilitate the process of entry by troops with efficiency and love." [Message from the Universal House of Justice Ridván 153, Training Institutes and Systematic Growth (Feb 2000), Mess86-01p489-490 para27-para30]
  • Also see [Extracts from Messages re training institutes]
  • - Bahá'í World Centre; - Institute process; Training Institutes; Training Institutes, documents
    1996 Ridván
    199-
    The Four Year Plan (1996-2000) was launched with its focus on a single aim: a significant advance in the process of entry by troops. This work would require the informed participation of a great many souls and in 1996, the Bahá'í world was summoned to take up the vast educational challenge this entailed. It was called to establish a network of training institutes focused on generating an increasing flow of individuals endowed with the necessary capacities to sustain the process of growth. [Ridván Message 2021]
  • See message addressed To the Conference of the Continental Boards of Counsellors dated 26 December 1995 concerning the Four Year Plan.
  • See message to the Bahá'ís of the World dated 31 December 1995 announcing the new Plan. It was announced that Training Institutes would be established and they will be charged with developing human resources. The Counsellors and the Auxiliary Board members will be intimately involved in the establishment and operation of these institutes. The two arms of the Administrative Order will collaborate in the overseeing of the budget and planning program content, developing curricula and delivering courses. Should there be a board of directors then Auxiliary Board Members may serve on these bodies.
  • The Universal House of Justice sent a Ridván message and Four Year Plan instructions to the Bahá'ís of the World and separate messages to eight regions.
  • Riḍván 153 – To the Bahá'ís of the World
  • Riḍván 153 – To the Followers of Bahá'u'lláh in North America: Alaska, Canada, Greenland and the United States
  • Riḍván 153 – To the Followers of Bahá'u'lláh in Australia, the Cook Islands, the Eastern Caroline Islands, the Fiji Islands, French Polynesia, the Hawaiian Islands, Indonesia, Japan, Kiribati, Korea, the Mariana Islands, the Marshall Islands, New Caledonia and the Loyalty Islands, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, the Philippines, Samoa, the Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, and the Western Caroline Islands
  • Riḍván 153 – To the Followers of Bahá'u'lláh in Africa
  • Riḍván 153 – To the Followers of Bahá'u'lláh in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Bangladesh, India, Nepal and Sri Lanka
  • Riḍván 153 – To the Followers of Bahá'u'lláh in Cambodia, Hong Kong, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Macau, Malaysia, Mongolia, Myanmar, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, and Vietnam
  • Riḍván 153 – To the Followers of Bahá'u'lláh in Western and Central Asia
  • Riḍván 153 – To the Followers of Bahá'u'lláh in Europe
  • Riḍván 153 – To the Followers of Bahá'u'lláh in Latin America and the Caribbean
  • See The Significance of the Four Year Plan (PDF)by Andrew Alexander.
  • For the definitive report see The Four Year Plan and the Twelve Month Plan, 1996-2001 Summary of Achievements prepared under the supervision of the International Teaching Centre.
  • See Training Institutes, a document prepared for and approved by the Universal House of Justice, April 1998.
    • The training institutes focused on generating an increasing flow of individuals endowed with the necessary capacities to sustain the process of growth. It was recognized that certain activities were a natural response to the spiritual needs of a population. Study circles, children's classes, devotional meetings, and later junior youth groups stood out as being of central importance in this regard, and when woven together with related activities, the dynamics generated could give rise to a vibrant pattern of community life. [Ridván Message 2021]
    See as well the publication The Four Year Plan: Messages of the Universal House of Justice
  • * Teaching Plans; - Bahá'í World Centre; Four Year Plan (1996-2000); Training Institutes
    1996 20 Apr
    199-
    The Three Year Plan is successfully completed.
    1996 23 – 24 Mar
    199-
    The first National Women's Seminar of Bulgaria was held in Sofia, organized by the European Task Force for Women. [BINS365:8] - First conferences; Bulgaria; Conferences, Bahá'í; Conferences, Women; Sofia, Bulgaria; Women The first National Women's Seminar of Bulgaria
    1996 3 Mar
    199-
    The establishment of the Ocean of Light School in Tonga. [OoL Website, BWNS195; Bahaipedia] - Bahá'í inspired schools; Bahá'í World News Service (BWNS); Tonga
    1996 9 - 11 Feb
    199-
    The first National Bahá'í Winter School of Belarus was held near Minsk. [BINS358:3] Belarus; First summer and winter schools; Minsk, Belarus; Winter schools first National Bahá'í Winter School of Belarus
    1996 Feb
    199-
    By this date, approximately 1,250 people had enrolled in the Bahá'í Faith in Guinea-Bissau as a result of the Luz Local Teaching Project and the William Sears project. [BINS356:8] Guinea Bissau; Teaching campaigns
    1996 15 Jan
    199-
    A Chair for Bahá'í Studies was inaugurated at the University of Lucknow. [BINS354:3] Chair in Bahá'í Studies; Firsts, other; India; Lucknow, India; Universities First Chair for Bahá'í Studies in Lucknow.
    1995 31 Dec
    199-
    In a message from the Universal House of Justice addressed – To the Bahá'ís of the World dated 31 December, 1995 the Four Year Plan was announced. * Teaching Plans; - Bahá'í World Centre; - Institute process; Four Year Plan (1995-1999)
    1995 Dec 28 – 30
    199-
    The first teaching conference of Lithuania was held in Vilnius, attended by Bahá'ís from five countries. [BINS355:1] - First conferences; Conferences, Bahá'í; Conferences, Teaching; Lithuania; Vilnius, Lithuania first teaching conference of Lithuania
    1995 26 Dec
    199-
    The Universal House of Justice clarified the functioning of the Continental Boards:
      "Fundamental to the work of the Counsellors is the understanding that all members of the Continental Board are responsible for the entire continent, and should, to the degree possible, endeavor to familiarize themselves with the conditions of the Cause in the countries therein. Through periodic reports from individual Counsellors, the Board is kept abreast of developments in all areas of the continent and is able to offer guidance to assist its members in the execution of their duties. Whereas no Counsellor should be regarded as having exclusive responsibility for any one territory, the detailed familiarity acquired by each through close interaction with the National Spiritual Assembly and Auxiliary Board members in a particular area is in fact a valuable asset to all the Counsellors on the Board."
    [26 December 1995]
    Counsellors
    1995 26 Dec
    199-
    Start of the Institute Process

    In its message of 26 December 1995 to the Conference of the Continental Boards of Counsellors the Universal House of Justice announced that a Four Year Plan would be rolled out at Ridván.

  • See as well the Ridván Message 153

    As the term "institute" has assumed various uses in the Bahá'í community, a word of clarification is needed. The next four years will represent an extraordinary period in the history of our Faith, a turning point of epochal magnitude. What the friends throughout the world are now being asked to do is to commit themselves, their material resources, their abilities and their time to the development of a network of training institutes on a scale never before attempted. These centres of Bahá'í learning will have as their goal one very practical outcome, namely, the raising up of large numbers of believers who are trained to foster and facilitate the process of entry by troops with efficiency and love.

  • * Teaching Plans; - Bahá'í World Centre; - Basic timeline, Expanded; - Institute process; Conferences, Counsellors; Counsellors; Four Year Plan (1995-1999); Haifa, Israel; Training Institutes
    1995 1 Dec
    199-
    The 51st Session of the UN Human Rights Commission was held. In January the Bahá'í International Community submitted Promoting Religious Tolerance addressed an individual's basic human right to follow his/her conscience in matters of religion and belief. - BIC statements; Bahá'í International Community; Geneva, Switzerland; Switzerland; United Nations
    1995 Oct – Dec
    199-
    More than a million people visited the Bahá'í House of Worship in India in this period. [BINS357:5] India; Lotus temple, New Delhi; Mashriqu'l-Adhkár, Delhi; New Delhi, India; Statistics
    1995 20 Oct
    199-
    The first local spiritual assembly in the Komi Republic was formed at Syktyvkar. [BINS357:8] Komi, Russia; Local Spiritual Assembly; Syktyvkar, Russia First local assembly formed in the Komi Republic.
    1995 Oct
    199-
    The publication of Turning Point For All Nations by the Bahá'í International Community, United Nations Office, in New York in commemoration of the 50th anniversary of the United Nations. It was a call for world leaders to define a role for the UN. [Turning Point for all Nations, en français] * Publications; - BIC statements; - Statements; Bahá'í International Community; New York, USA; Turning Point For All Nations (statement); United Nations; United States (USA)
    1995 4 - 15 Sep
    199-
    Fourth World Conference on Women was held at the Beijing International Conference Centre. It was one of the largest international meetings ever convened under United Nations auspices, some 17,000 people were registered including 5,000 delegates from 189 states and the European Union, 4,000 NGO representatives, and more than 3,200 members of the media. [BW95-96p151-158]
  • See Equality, Development, and Peace: Baha'is and the United Nations Fourth World Conference on Women and NGO Forum. [BW95-96p145-158]
  • The conference was called by the United Nations to review progress made toward implementation of the "Forward-looking Strategies for the Advancement of Women" adopted at the Third World Conference in Nairobi in 1985.
  • Seven Bahá'í delegations were accredited to the conference: the Bahá'í International Community, the National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of the United States, the Bahá'í community of the Netherlands, the Bahá'í community of Canada, l' Association Bahá'íe de Femmes (France), l' Association médicale Bahá'íe (France), and the National Bahá'í Office for the Advancement of Women (Nigeria).
  • By the end of the conference it was determined that much remains to be done, and a Declaration and Platform for Action was adopted aimed at launching a global campaign to bring women into full and equal participation in all spheres of public and private life worldwide. The Platform addressed twelve critical areas of concern: poverty, education, health, violence, armed conflict, economic structures, power sharing and decision-making, mechanisms to promote the advancement of women, human rights, the media, the environment, and the girl child.
  • The Greatness Which Might Be Theirs: Protection of Women's Rights
  • The BIC distributed the statement The Role of Religion in Promoting the Advancement of Women. The Bahá'í International Community and and the parallel Non-Governmental Organization Forum,
  • In year 2000, the follow-up documant for the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action entitled Beijing +5 Political Declaration and Outcome which reviewed progress towards the Platform for Action five years after its adoption.
  • See UN Women.
  • - BIC statements; Bahá'í International Community; Beijing, China; China; United Nations; Women
    1995 Sep
    199-
    The arrest and imprisonment of Mr. Zabihullah Mahrami in Yazd because of his adherence to the Bahá'í. He was given a life sentence. [Planet Bahá'í] * Persecution, Iran; - Persecution; - Persecution, Arrests; Iran; Yazd, Iran
    1995 30 Aug – 8 Sep
    199-
    Some 400-500 Bahá'í women and men from more than 50 countries around the world participated in the NGO Forum on Women at the Fourth United Nations International Conference on Women held in the resort city of Huairou some 50 kilometers north of Beijing.
  • See One Country Vol 7 Issue 2 for profiles of some of the attendees.
  • Bahá'í perspectives on equality were also shared with both Conference and Forum participants through distribution of The Greatness Which Might Be Theirs , a collection of Bahá'í International Community statements and essays by Bahá'ís reflecting on the Agenda and Platform for Action. The booklet's title is drawn from the words of `Abdu'l-Bahá: "As long as women are prevented from attaining their highest possibility, so long will men be unable to achieve the greatness which might be theirs."
  • See Towards the Goal of Full Partnership: One Hundred and Fifty Years of the Advancement of Women by Ann Boyles written in anticipation of the conference. It is a survey of the Bahá'í community's efforts to understand and practice the principle of equality between men and women. [BW93-94p237-275]
  • - BIC statements; Bahá'í International Community; Beijing, China; China; Huairou, China; United Nations; Women
    1995 Aug
    199-
    More than 7,000 people became Bahá'ís in Haiti in two weeks. [BINS348:3] Haiti; Mass conversion
    1995 Jul 26
    199-
    The inaugural meeting of the Association for Bahá'í Studies of Ghana was held in Accra. [BINS348:3] Accra, Ghana; Bahá'í Studies, Associations for; Ghana
    1995 Jul
    199-
    The first Bahá'í summer school of Lithuania was held in Ukmerge, attended by 20 people. [BINS346:1] First summer and winter schools; Lithuania; Ukmerge, Lithuania
    1995 8 - 11 Jun
    199-
    The First European Baha'i Conference on Law and International Order was held in De Poort, the Netherlands. The Dr Àziz Navidi Memorial Lecture, The Theme of Service in the Evolving World Order of Bahá'u'lláh was delivered 9 June by Kiser Barnes.

    For the proceedings see Law and International Order: Proceedings of the First European Bahá'í Conference on Law and International Order and for a review of the book by Joshua Lincoln see Bahá'í Library Online.

    - Conferences, International; - Europe; - First conferences; Conferences, Bahá'í; Conferences, Law; De Poort, Netherlands; Groesbeek, Netherlands; Laws; Netherlands first European Bahá'í Conference on Law and International Order
    1995 May 30 – Jun 1
    199-
    The first International Medical/Surgical Conference of Tirana was held under the auspices of Health for Humanity and the University of Tirana, attended by more than 400 Albanian physicians. [BINS343:2–3] - Conferences, International; Albania; Conferences, Bahá'í; Conferences, Health; Tirana, Albania
    1995 May 14
    199-
    The Universal House of justice representative Mr 'Alí Nakhjavání began his tour of major Bahá'í communities to discuss the significance of the Arc projects on Mount Carmel. - Bahá'í World Centre; `Alí Nakhjavání; Arc project; Funds
    1995 Ridván
    199-
    The National Spiritual Assembly of Eritrea was formed. [BINS341:2; BW24p15; Ridván Message 152]
  • A brief history of the Bahá'ís of Eritrea. [BW24p50]
  • Eritrea; National Spiritual Assembly, formation
    1995 Ridván
    199-
    The National Spiritual Assembly of Sicily was formed. [BINS341:1–2; BW24p15; Ridván Message 152]
  • A brief history of the Bahá'ís of Sicily. [BW24p52; BW24p43]
  • National Spiritual Assembly, formation; Sicily, Italy
    1995 Ridván
    199-
    The Bahá'í communities of Bophuthatswana, Ciskei, South Africa, and Transkei were merged into one community under the jurisdiction of the National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of South Africa, to reflect the political reunion of that region. [BW24p29; BW24p44] Bophuthatswana, South Africa; Ciskei, South Africa; National Spiritual Assembly, formation; South Africa; Transkei, South Africa
    1995 Ridván
    199-
    In 1992 the National Spiritual Assembly of The Ukraine, Belarus and Moldova formed. This Ridván Belarus left the union and so The National Spiritual Assembly of the Ukraine and Moldova was formed with its seat in Kyiv. [BW24p15] Kyiv, Ukraine; Moldova; National Spiritual Assembly, formation; Ukraine
    1995 Ridván
    199-
    The National Spiritual Assembly of the Ukraine and Moldova was formed with its seat in remaining in Kyiv. [BINS341:2; BW24p15; Ridván Message 152] Moldova; National Spiritual Assembly, formation; Ukraine
    1995 Ridván
    199-
    In 1992 the National Spiritual Assembly of The Ukraine, Belarus and Moldova was formed with the seat in Kyev. Belarus left the union this Ridván and formed The National Spiritual Assembly of Belarus. Counsellor member of the International Teaching Centre Hartmut Grossmann represented the Universal House of Justice.
  • A brief history of the Bahá'ís of Belarus. [BW24p48]
  • Belarus; National Spiritual Assembly, formation
    1995 Ridván
    199-
    The National Spiritual Assembly of Armenia was formed [BINS343:3; BW24p15; Ridván Message 152]
  • A brief history of the Bahá'ís of Armenia. [BW24p47]
  • Armenia; National Spiritual Assembly, formation
    1995 Ridván
    199-
    The National Spiritual Assembly of Georgia was formed with its seat in Tbilisi. [BINS341:1; BW24p15; Ridván Message 152]
  • A brief history of Georgia. [BW24p46]
  • Georgia; National Spiritual Assembly, formation; Tbilisi, Georgia
    1995 17 Mar
    199-
    The Universal House of Justice sent a message to the National Spiritual Assemblies of Belgium, Germany, the United Kingdom, Canada and the United States advising them that the flow of funds for the Arc Project was not sufficient to support the progress of the work and if $40M were not raised in the final Year of the Three Year Plan, there would be serious consequences for the Project. Universal House Member 'Alí Nakhjavani was asked to travel to inform the friends of the needs. The 35 day itinerary took him to London, New york City Washington D.C, Dallas, Los Angeles, Vancouver, Toronto, Chicago, Brussels and Frankfurt am Main.

    On June 20th the Universal House of Justice informed the same National Spiritual Assemblies that the entire sum had been ensured but that $10M annually would be required until the end of the century. [Ridván 152; Vineyard of the Lord No 11 p8; Sacred Stairway p66-67]

    - Bahá'í World Centre; Arc project; Funds; Haifa, Israel
    1995 Mar 3 – 12
    199-
    The Bahá'í International Community and Bahá'ís from many countries participated in the United Nations World Summit for Social Development and the parallel Forum '95 for non-governmental organizations in Copenhagen. The delegation from the Bahá'í International Community focused on concepts of world citizenship and global prosperity as a means of suggesting how the Conference's main concerns about social integration and the alleviation of poverty could be creatively addressed. [BINS337:1–2; SBBR14p250-251]
  • For a report of the Bahá'í involvement in the Summit see BW94–5:37–6.
  • For the text of The Prosperity of Humankind the Bahá'í International Community statement released at the Summit, see BW94–5 273–96.
  • For pictures see BW94–5:39, 43, 45.
  • A Summary Report on the World Summit for Social Development (PDF).
  • * Publications; - BIC statements; - Statements; Bahá'í International Community; Copenhagen, Denmark; Denmark; Prosperity of Humankind (statement); Social and economic development; United Nations Summits
    1995 Feb
    199-
    Jacinto Peynado, Vice President of the Dominican Republic, visited the Bahá'í World Centre. [BW94–5:77] - Bahá'í World Centre; Dominican Republic; Jacinto Peynado
    1995 23 Jan
    199-
    To respond to the increased attention given to the issues of social and economic development following the Earth Summit in Rio in 1992, the Universal House of Justice asked the Bahá'í International Community's Office of Public Information to prepare a statement on the concept of global prosperity in the context of the Bahá'í teachings. The statement is entitled The Prosperity of Humankind. [Mess86-01p417-8]

    Humanity has done well to articulate material indicators of development, and even to achieve a number of them. But focusing only on that which is quantifiable has obscured the critical importance of factors related to higher aspects of the human spirit, such as the value of relationships, the quality of one's character, and the coherence between principles and deeds. The need to bring such factors to the centre of the development discourse was outlined in The Prosperity of Humankind, which made clear that ideals require the force of spiritual commitment to cement them. The statement laid out an ambitious vision of humanity's capacity to take charge of the course of its development, and addressed a set of principles and concepts indispensable to the task, from reimagining collective decision-making to rearranging economic priorities. It called for "unconditioned recognition of the oneness of humankind" and "a commitment to the establishment of justice as the organizing principle of society". [BIC 3 March 2020]

    * Publications; - BIC statements; - Bahá'í World Centre; - Basic timeline, Expanded; - Statements; Bahá'í International Community; Prosperity of Humankind (statement); Social action; Social and economic development
    1995 Jan
    199-
    By decision of the National Spiritual Assembly of the United State, the Wilmette Institute was established as an agency of the National Assembly.

    "The Wilmette Institute is a center of Bahá'í learning. Its programs aim to facilitate study and dialogue on the teachings and principles of the Faith to help individuals and communities apply learning and advance human civilization."

  • In 1998, the Wilmette Institute moved to a largely online study approach in order to provide educational classes to a broader student body. [Wilmette Institute]
  • Bahá'í study centers; Chicago, IL; United States (USA); Wilmette, IL; Wilmette Institute
    1995 Jan
    199-
    The first meeting of the Association of Bahá'í Doctors and Health Professionals in India took place. [BW94–5:116] Bahá'í associations; Conferences, Health; India
    1995 Jan
    199-
    The first National Teaching Conference of Cambodia was held in Phnom Penh, attended by more than 50 Bahá'ís. [BINS334:2] - Conferences, National; - First conferences; Cambodia; Conferences, Bahá'í; Conferences, Teaching; Phnom Penh, Cambodia first National Teaching Conference of Cambodia
    1995 (In the year)
    199-
    Following the resignation of Galindo Pohl, the UNCHR appointed Maurice Copithorne, a Canadian lawyer, as the Special Rapporteur on Human Rights in Iran.
  • On 22 April 2002, the UNCHR voted not to renew the mandate of the Special Rapporteur, a decision condemned by Human Rights Watch (HRW) and the U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom (USCIRF).
  • The BIC paid tribute to him upon his passing on 14 February, 2019.
  • Bahá'í International Community; Maurice Copithorne; New York City, NY; Special Rapporteur on Human Rights in Iran; United Nations; United Nations
    1995 (In the year)
    199-
    The publication of Desinformation als Methode by Udo Schaefer, Nicola Towfigh and Ulrich Gollmer. This book was written in response to a pseudo-academic monograph on the Bahá'í Faith by an embittered ex-Bahá'í, Francesco Ficicchia, claiming to be the standard work on the Faith and published in Germany under church auspices. For over 15 years the accusations raised in Ficicchia's book largely shaped public and academic perception of the Bahá'í Faith in German-speaking Europe, damaging its reputation with a picture of an authoritarian cadre-dominated cult with totalitarian, fascist goals.
  • was translated from the German to English by Dr Geraldine Schuckelt and published in 2000 under the title Making the Crooked Straight; A Contribution to Bahá'í Apologetics and is available from George Ronald Publishers.
  • * Persecution, Iran; Germany; Nicola Towfigh; Propaganda; Propaganda, counter; Udo Schaefer; Ulrich Gollmer
    1995 (In the year)
    199-
    The Association for Latin American Bahá'í Writers and Authors was formed at the fifth Latin American Seminar for External Affairs in Cali, Colombia. [BINS336:2] Association for Latin American Bahá'í Writers and Authors; Cali, Colombia; Colombia; External affairs
    1994 15 Dec
    199-
    In a letter to an individual in response to a number of queries about the degree of authority of various types of writings and status of the documents prepared by the Research Department, the Department of the Secretariat delineated the process to obtain the classification of an authorized translation.
      ...a translation is regarded as authorized when it is approved by one or more translation committees appointed by the Universal House of Justice. While members of the Research Department may well, from time to time, be appointed to serve on such a translation committee, the authorization of new translations is currently not one of the responsibilities assigned to the Research Department by the House of Justice. Further, the approval of a translation does not mean that improvements or amendments cannot be made to it in the future.

    They go on to note that Shoghi Effendi did not regard his own translation of the Kitáb-i-Íqán as final but that it might assist others in their work.

    They also noted that translations into most other languages use the English translation rather than the original text. [15 December 1994]

    * Translation; - Bahá'í World Centre; Translation, Authorization; Translation, Policy
    1994 Dec 7 – 9
    199-
    The first World Press Exhibition was held by the Information and Public Relations Committees of the National Spiritual Assembly of El Salvador to mark the International Day of Peace. [BINS335:2] El Salvador; Exhibitions; Peace
    1994 1 Nov
    199-
    The publication of Olya's Story: A Survivor's Dramatic Account of the Persecution of Bahá'ís in Revolutionary Iran by Olya Roohizadegan. It was published by Oneworld Publications of London, UK
  • For a review see One Country Vol 6 issue 3 Oct-Dec 1994 p16->15
  • * Persecution, Iran
    1994 24 Oct
    199-
    The Supreme Court of India, in judgment to settle a religious dispute between Hindus and Muslims, cited the Bahá'í Faith as an example and the Teachings of the Faith as guidelines for resolving such disputes. [BW94-95p130-131; One Country]

    Background: On the 6th of December, 1992, the Babri mosque in the northern town of Ayodhya was razed by a group of Hindus because the mosque, built in 1528, had been erected on the spot where the Hindu deity Rama is said to have been born thousands of years earlier. The destruction enraged Muslims and ignited a grave crisis in India. Muslim and Hindu mobs attacked each other's houses of worship, homes and people in a number of cities, resulting in the death of hundreds and the destruction of property not only in India but in Pakistan, Bangladesh, and even in Britain. [Mess86-01p440]

      The Bahá'í community had issued a statement in English that highlighted a central theme: "Communal Harmony—India's Greatest Challenge." The issue of religious conflict and the importance of harmony and peacebuilding were emphasized. This statement was later translated into most of the official languages of India and distributed to Ministers, bureaucrats, district county workers, the superintendent of police, NGOS, and faith communities.

    The judges, in their ruling, quoted from the statement from the National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of India Communal Harmony: India's Greatest Challenge. [Mess86-01p441]

  • A timeline for the case.
  • - National Spiritual Assembly, statements; - Statements; Ayodhya, India; Communal harmony; Communalism; Conflict resolution; Ethnic divisions; India; New Delhi, India; Public discourse (discourses of society)
    1994 19 Oct
    199-
    The publication of In the Eyes of His Beloved Servants: The Second Bahá'í World Congress and Holy Year by J. Michael Kafes. This book captured the firsthand experiences of Bahá'ís from all around the world who participated in the Bahá'í World Congress at the Jacob Javits Convention Center in November 1992, as well as experiences Bahá'ís had during the Baha'i Holy Year. [from the book] Bahá'í World Congress, Second (1992); Holy Years; New York, USA; United States (USA)
    1994 1 Oct
    199-
    President Ali Abdallah Saleh was elected by Parliament to a 5-year term. However, he remained in office until 2012. Yemen; Yemen, Recent history
    1994 Oct
    199-
    The Bahá'í Health Association for Central and Eastern Europe and the European Bahá'í Dental Association were formed at the second Bahá'í Health Conference held at De Poort, Netherlands. [BW94–5:116] - Conferences, International; Bahá'í associations; Conferences, Bahá'í; Conferences, Health; Groesbeek, Netherlands; Netherlands
    1994 25 Sep
    199-
    The murder of Mr Esfandiar Bassari in Umtata, Transkei. He and his wife, Forough Bassari, were shot in an attack by gunmen. They had moved from Canada. Mr. Bassari was a hydro-geologist working with the Department of Agriculture and Forestry. [From a press release from the National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of South Africa dated 26 September, 1994] Esfandiar Bassari; Forough Bassari; Mthatha, South Africa; Transkei, South Africa
    1994 Sep 9 – 11
    199-
    The first National Youth Conference of Liberia was held, attended by 75 youth. [BW94–5:188–9]
  • For picture see BW94–5:189.
  • - First conferences; Conferences, Bahá'í; Conferences, Youth; Liberia; Youth First National Youth Conference of Liberia
    1994 Sep 5 – 13
    199-
    The Bahá'í International Community attended the United Nations International Conference on Population of Development and the parallel Non-Governmental Organizations' Forum in Cairo. [BINS328:1] Bahá'í International Community; Cairo, Egypt; Egypt; United Nations
    1994 28 Aug
    199-
    The publication of The Evolution of Institutional Capacity for Social and Economic Development prepared by the Office of Social and Economic Development. It described two types of organizational arrangements that emerged in the Bahá'í world capable of undertaking increasingly complex development efforts - training institutes and Bahá'í-inspired agencies. - Bahá'í World Centre; Office of Social and Economic Development (OSED); Social and economic development
    1994 Aug 4
    199-
    Shimon Peres, Israel's Minister of Foreign Affairs, made an official visit to the Bahá'í World Centre. [BW94–5:77] - Bahá'í World Centre; Haifa, Israel; Israel; Shimon Peres
    1994 (Summer)
    199-
    A Maoris teaching team visited British Columbia. The visit was reciprocated by The Journey of Teech-ma, the First Nations Travel Teaching Trip to the South Pacific. See entry for 24 March, 1997. [SDSC370] - First Nations, Canada; - Indigenous people; Australia; British Columbia, Canada; Canada; Maori people; New Zealand; Travel Teaching
    1994 Jul 28
    199-
    The World Forestry Charter Gatherings, established by Richard St. Barbe Baker in 1945, were re-instituted by the Bahá'í International Community's Office of the Environment at a luncheon at St James's Palace, London. [AWH75; BW94–5:112–13, 142–3; OC6,2:1; VV106]
  • For pictures see BW94–5:143 and OC6,2:1, 12.
  • Bahá'í International Community; Environment; London, England; Richard St. Barbe Baker; United Kingdom
    1994 Jul 22 – 23
    199-
    His Excellency France Albert René, President of the Republic of Seychelles, consulted with the Universal House of Justice. [BINS322:9; BW94–5:76–7] Prominent visitors; Seychelles
    1994 Jul 20 – 25
    199-
    The European Bahá'í Youth Council sponsored five regional 'Shaping Europe' conferences, in Berlin, Bucharest, St Petersburg, Barcelona and Wolverhampton, United Kingdom. [BINS323:3–5; BW94–5:177–8, 189] - Conferences, International; - Europe; Barcelona, Spain; Berlin, Germany; Bucharest, Romania; Conferences, Bahá'í; Conferences, Youth; Germany; Portugal; Romania; Russia; St. Petersburg, Russia; United Kingdom; Wolverhampton, England; Youth
    1994 Jul 6 – 10
    199-
    The first Children's Bahá'í Summer School of Pakistan was held in Abbottabad, attended by 13 children. [BINS324:5] Abbottabad, Pakistan; Pakistan; Summer schools first Children's Bahá'í Summer School of Pakistan
    1994 Jun 13
    199-
    The Prime Minister of Israel, Yitzhak Rabin, visited the Bahá'í World Centre to view the Terraces Project. [BW94–5:77] - Bahá'í World Centre; - Prime Ministers; Haifa, Israel; Israel; Prominent visitors; Yitzzhak Rabin
    1994 Jun 11 – 12
    199-
    The first Bahá'í conference to be held in the Republic of Georgia took place in Tbilisi, attended by over a hundred people from countries. [BINS319:5] Georgia; Tbilisi, Georgia first Bahá'í conference to be held in the Republic of Georgia
    1994 Jun
    199-
    The first National Youth School of Mongolia was held in Darkhan, attended by 34 youth. [BINS321:4] Darkhan, Mongolia; Mongolia first National Youth School of Mongolia
    1994 May 22
    199-
    The first Bahá'í Children and Youth Conference of Martinique was held in Fort-de-France, attended by 22 people. [BINS318:4–5] Conferences, Bahá'í; Conferences, Youth; Fort-de-France, Martinique; Martinique; Youth First Bahá'í Children and Youth Conference of Martinique
    1994 May
    199-
    An accord between northern and southern leaders of Yemen was signed in Amman but this could not stop the civil war. During these tensions, both the northern and southern armies–which had never integrated–gathered on their respective frontiers. Yemen; Yemen, Recent history
    1994 May 19
    199-
    The first National Bahá'í Conference of Armenia was held in Yerevan. [BINS318:5–6] - Conferences, National; Armenia; Conferences, Bahá'í; Yerevan, Armenia
    1995 May
    199-
    The National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of Canada presented a paper entitled A Bahá'í Perspective on the Future of Canadian Foreign Policy to the Special Joint Parliamentary Committee reviewing Canadian Foreign Policy. [A Bahá'í Perspective on the Future of Canadian Foreign Policy] - National Spiritual Assembly, statements; - Statements; - Statements; Canada; Foreign policy; National Spiritual Assembly of Canada
    1994 27 Apr
    199-
    Civil war (The War of Secession of 1994, May to early July) erupted in Yemen and ends in a victory for Saleh within three months. A major tank battle erupted in Amran, near San'a. Both sides accused the other of first aggression.
  • On 4 May, the southern air force bombed San'a and other areas in the north; the northern air force responded by bombing Aden.
  • President Saleh declared a 30-day state of emergency, and foreign nationals began evacuating the country.
  • Vice President al-Beidh was officially dismissed.
  • South Yemen fired Scud missiles into San'a, killing dozens of civilians.
  • Prime Minister Haidar Abu Bakr al-Attas was dismissed on May 10 after appealing for outside forces to help end the war.
  • Southern leaders seceded and declared the Democratic Republic of Yemen (DRY) on 21 May 1994. No international government recognized the DRY.
  • In mid-May, northern forces began a push toward Aden. The key city of Ataq, which allowed access to the country's oil fields. It was seized on May 24.
  • The United Nations Security Council adopted Resolution 924 calling for an end to the fighting and a cease-fire. A cease-fire was called on 6 June, but lasted only six hours; concurrent talks to end the fighting in Cairo collapsed as well.
  • The north entered Aden on 4 July. Supporters of Ali Nasir Muhammad greatly assisted military operations against the secessionists and Aden was captured on 7 July 1994. Most resistance quickly collapsed and top southern military and political leaders fled into exile.
  • Almost all of the actual fighting in the 1994 civil war occurred in the southern part of the country, despite air and missile attacks against cities and major installations in the north. Southerners sought support from neighbouring states and may have received military assistance from Saudi Arabia and Oman, which felt threatened by a united Yemen. The United States repeatedly called for a cease-fire and a return to the negotiating table. Various attempts, including by a UN special envoy and Russia, were unsuccessful to effect a cease-fire.
  • President Saleh now had control over all of Yemen. A general amnesty was declared, except for 16 southern figures accused of misappropriation of official funds.
  • YSP (Yemen Socialist Party) leaders within Yemen reorganized following the civil war and elected a new politburo in July 1994. However, much of its influence had been destroyed in the war.
  • Yemen; Yemen, Recent history
    1994 Ridván
    199-
    The National Spiritual Assembly of Cambodia was formed with its seat in Phnom Penh. [BINS317:1; BW93–4:82; BW94–5:25, 30–1; 26 November 1993]

    Hand of the Cause Amatu'l-Bahá Rúḥíyyih Khánum attended the inaugural convention as the representative of the Universal House of Justice. [Ridván 151]

    Cambodia; National Spiritual Assembly, formation; Phnom Penh, Cambodia first National Spiritual Assembly of Cambodia
    1994 Ridván
    199-
    With the formation of National Spiritual Assemblies in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan, the National Spiritual Assembly of Central Asia was re-named the National Spiritual Assembly of Turkmenistan with its seat in Ashgabat. The only remaining partner in that union without a National Spiritual Assembly was Kirgizia.[BW22p26; 26 November 1993; Ridván 151] Ashgabat; National Spiritual Assembly, formation; Turkmenistan
    1994 Ridván
    199-
    Counsellor member of the International Teaching Centre Lauretta King represented the House of Justice at the first National Convention of the Bahá'ís of Kyrgyzstan, (formerly part of the National Spiritual Assembly of Central Asia) held 23-24 April in Bishkek. The 150 adults, youth, and children gathered for the historic event expressed their "deepest gratitude and devotion to the Blessed Beauty, Bahá'u'lláh." [BW94-95p29; 26 November 1993; Ridván 151] Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan; Conventions, National; First conventions; International Teaching Centre; Kyrgyzstan; National Spiritual Assembly, formation first National Spiritual Assembly of Kyrgyzstan.
    1994 Ridván
    199-
    The National Spiritual Assembly of Central Asia (comprising of the Republics of Kazakhstan, Kirgizia, Tadzhikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan) the National Spiritual Assembly of Uzbekistan was formed with its seat in Tashkent. [BINS317:3–4; BW93–4:82; BW94–5:26, 29–30; 26 November 1993; Ridván 151]
  • For picture see BINS328:9 and BW94–5:30.
  • National Spiritual Assembly, formation; Tashkent, Uzbekistan; Uzbekistan first National Spiritual Assembly of Uzbekistan
    1994 Ridván
    199-
    The National Spiritual Assembly of Central Asia (comprising of the Republics of Kazakhstan, Kirgizia, Tadzhikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan) was dissolved and the National Spiritual Assembly of Tajikistan was formed with its seat in Dushanbe. Counsellor member of the International Teaching Centre, Shapoor Monadjem, represented the House of Justice at their Convention. [BINS317:3; BW93–4:82; BW94–5:26, 29–30; 26 November 1993; Ridván 151]
  • National Convention
  • Dushanbe, Tajikistan; National Spiritual Assembly, formation; Shapoor Monadjem; Tajikistan first National Spiritual Assembly of Tajikistan
    1994 Ridván
    199-
    With the dissolution of the National Spiritual Assembly of Central Asia which had been formed in 1992, the National Spiritual Assembly of Kazakhstan was formed with its seat in Astana. The 120 Bahá'ís gathered at the Convention were joined by Lauretta King, Counsellor member of the International Teaching Centre, who represented the Universal House of Justice for the occasion. [BINS317:2–3; BW93–4:82; BW94–5:25, 29–30; 26 November 1993; Ridván 151]
  • For picture see BW94–5:28.
  • Astana, Kazakhstan; Kazakhstan; Lauretta King; National Spiritual Assembly, formation first National Spiritual Assembly of Kazakhstan
    1994 Ridván
    199-
    The National Spiritual Assembly of Slovenia and Croatia was formed with its seat in Ljubljana, Slovenia. [BINS317:2; BW93–4:82; BW94–5:25, 3–6]
  • For picture see BINS320:9 and BW94–5:35.
  • Croatia; Ljubljana, Slovenia; National Spiritual Assembly, formation; Slovenia first National Spiritual Assembly of Slovenia and Croatia
    1994 Ridván
    199-
    The National Spiritual Assembly of Mongolia was formed with its seat in Ulaan Baatar. [BINS317:1–2; BW93–4:82; BW94–5:25, 31–2; 26 November 1993]

    Hand of the Cause Amatu'l-Bahá Rúḥíyyih Khánum attended the inaugural convention as the representative of the Universal House of Justice. [Ridván 151]

    Mongolia; National Spiritual Assembly, formation; Ulaan Baatar, Mongolia first National Spiritual Assembly of Mongolia
    1994 Ridván
    199-
    In its Ridván Message the Universal House of Justice announced the publication of Promoting Entry by Troops. - Bahá'í World Centre; - Compilations; Entry by troops
    1994 Mar 24
    199-
    The Dalai Lama visited the Bahá'í World Centre, the first time a head of a religion had visited the Shrine of the Báb. [BW93–4:78, CBN Vol 7 no 1 May/June 1994] - Bahá'í World Centre; - Bahá'í World Centre; - Buddhism; Báb, Shrine of (Haifa); Dalai Lama; Firsts, other; Interfaith dialogue; Prominent visitors; Tibet first time a head of a religion visited the Shrine of the Báb
    1994 Mar 13
    199-
    The murder of four Bahá'is, three adults and one youth, at the Bahá'í Centre in Mdantsane, Ciskel. Killed were Dr. Shamam Bakhshandegi, Houshmand Anvari and Vincent and Rias Razavi. The perpetrators were granted amnesty for the killings in May 2002. [BW93-4p147-150, 16 May 2000, SCBC, press release] Amnesty; Ciskei, South Africa; Mdantsane, South Africa; Murders; Opposition; South Africa
    1994 Feb 17 – 20
    199-
    The first Bahá'í ASEAN (Association of South East Asian Nations) Forum was held in Bangkok. [BINS312:6] Bangkok, Thailand; Thailand
    1994 Jan 30
    199-
    The first worldwide fireside on the Internet, 'Pioneering in Cyberspace the Bahá'í Faith and the Internet', was held, with a live audience in the Bahá'í Centre in New York City communicating electronically with people all over the United States and in two other countries. Firesides; Internet; New York, USA; United States (USA) first worldwide fireside on the Internet,
    1994 Jan
    199-
    The first winter school of Mongolia was held in Songino, near Ulaan Baatar. [BINS310:6] First summer and winter schools; Mongolia; Songino, Mongolia
    1994 (In the year)
    199-
    The founding of the Cambodian Organization for Research, Development and Education (CORDE) in Cambodia.
  • History.
  • Their programs include:
  • - Social and Economic Development Organizations; Cambodia; Cambodian Organization for Research, Development and Education
    1994 (In the year)
    199-
    His Highness King Malietoa Tanumafili II of Samoa received The Kitáb-i-Aqdas from Tongan Bahá'ís Sohrab and Soheyla Bolouri. [BINS314:9] Gifts; Kitáb-i-Aqdas (Most Holy Book); Malietoa Tanumafili II of Western Samoa; Samoa
    1993 24 – 26 Dec
    199-
    The first summer school of Angola was held in Luanda, attended by more than 20 Bahá'ís. [BINS309:1] Angola; First summer and winter schools; Luanda, Angola; Summer schools The first summer school of Angola
    1993 24 Dec
    199-
    It was announced in a Haifa weekly that the Municipality of Haifa had decided to implement a project for the restoration and development of the German Templar Colony under the auspices of the Land Authority of Israel, the Ministry of Tourism and the Municipality of Haifa and will be overseen by the Steering Committee of the City of Haifa. The Architect and the Project Manager of the Arc Project, Mr F Sahba was invited to serve as a member of this Committee and as the Chief Advisor of the Municipality of Haifa for the restoration project. In this capacity Mr Sahba proposed that the centreline of Ben Gurion Street be aligned with the Shrine of the Báb and the Terraces. At that time it was at a deviation of 1.86 meters. [Vineyard of the Lord No 1 January 1994 p7 and No 5 September 1994 p7] - Bahá'í World Centre; Arc project; Mount Carmel; Templer Society (German Templer colony)
    1993 8 Dec
    199-
    In Iran, death sentences were pronounced against two Bahá'ís on the grounds of their membership in the Bahá'í community. [BW93–4:141–2] * Persecution, Iran; - Persecution; - Persecution, Court cases; Iran
    1993 26 Nov
    199-
    The National Spiritual Assembly of the Marshall Islands signed a Memorandum of Understanding with the Majuro local government in which the operation of administration of five elementary schools was legally handed over to the National Spiritual Assembly.
  • President Amata Kabua was the first head of state to respond to the Peace Statement of the Universal House of Justice. [BINS307:4–5; BW93–4:101, CBN Vol 7 no 1 May/June 1994 p29]
  • Education; Marshall Islands; Promise of World Peace (statement); Recognition (legal)
    1993 29 - 31 Oct
    199-
    The founding conference of the Association for Bahá'í Studies in Russia was held in St Petersburg. [BINS305:5] - Conferences; Bahá'í Studies, Associations for; Conferences, Bahá'í; Russia; St. Petersburg, Russia
    1993 24 Oct
    199-
    The establishment of the India Hindi Bahá'í Academy (The Rashtriya Bahá'í Uchcha Shiksha Sansthan) in Lucknow (Uttar Pradesh).
  • It was a national institute for higher learning of the Bahá'í Faith.
  • There were three courses of study, a three year Advanced Bahá'í Studies course, a two year, post-graduate, Specialised Course and short courses for 3-5 days. The study scheme employed correspondence courses and campus contact, a programme for personal clarifications for the learners' difficulties. Two question papers were also sent to them in each semester.
  • The evaluation employed a two fold method: Viva voce examination based on the study materials and practical input in the field of service. Paper presentations, self reflection in the form of stories, songs, pictures, etc., and assignments in the active service of the Faith as well as making formal speeches all form a part of the final evaluation. [Bahá'í India website]
  • Bahá'í studies; Bahá'í study centers; India; Lucknow, India
    1993 16 Oct
    199-
    The passing of Marzieh Nabíl Carpenter Gail, the second child and eldest daughter of the first Persian-American marriage in the Bahá'í Faith between Persian diplomat Ali-Kuli Khan and Boston debutante Florence Breed. (b. 1 April, 1908) [BW1993-1994p320-321, Find a grave]
    • See AY91 for 'Abdu'l-Bahá's praise of her as a child and confirmation and promises for the future. He commented that she had átish (fire) and namak (salt). [AY93]
    • Photo of 'Abdu'l-Bahá with the children of Ali-Kuli Khan and Florence.
    • A translator (Arabic and Persian into English) and author. Poet Roger White would say of his friend: "She is the first lady of Bahá'í literature and I and many writers are indebted to her for leading the way."
    • Translations include: The Seven Valleys and the Four Valleys (1945) and The Secret of Divine Civilization (1957) with her father; Memorials of the Faithful (1971); Selections from the Writings of 'Abdu'l-Bahá (1976) with a Committee at the Bahá'í World Centre; My Memories of Bahá'u'lláh (1982).
    • Author of a dozen Bahá'í and non-Bahá'í books in addition to countless essays, articles, and short stories. Her remembrances of 'Abdu'l-Bahá are contained in The Sheltering Branch (1959), and those of His Exalted Sister in Khanum: The Greatest Holy Leaf (1981).
    • Many of her essays and pioneering stories are contained in Dawn Over Mount Hira (1976) and Other People, Other Places (1982). As well she wrote "Six Lessons in Islam" (1953), Summon Up Remembrance (1987), Arches of the Years (1991) and, "Bahá'í Glossary" (1955). [Bahá'í Studies Review, Vol 6, 1996]
    • See Obituary: Marzieh Nabil Carpenter Gail (1908-1993): Translator and Author, "Patron Saint" of Women Bahá'í Scholars by Constance M. Chen.
    • Bahaipedia.
    • For a more complete list of her writings and translations see Bahai-library. iiiii
    • See also Notes on Marzieh Gail
    - Biography; - Births and deaths; - In Memoriam; `Alí Kulí Khán; Bahá'í scholars; Florence Breed; Marzieh Gail; San Francisco, CA; United States (USA)
    1993 Oct
    199-
    The first European Bahá'í Medical Conference was held in De Poort, Netherlands, attended by people from 26 countries. [BW93–4:104–5] - Conferences, International; - Europe; - First conferences; Conferences, Bahá'í; Conferences, Health; De Poort, Netherlands; Groesbeek, Netherlands; Netherlands The first European Bahá'í Medical Conference
    1993 Oct
    199-
    The Australian Bahá'í community and the Arrente Aboriginal tribe co-sponsored an intercultural celebration of indigenous peoples, 'Heart of Australia Calling' in Alice Springs to mark UN International Year for the World's Indigenous Peoples. [BW93–4:90] - Indigenous people; Alice Springs, Australia; Australia
    1993 (Fall)
    199-
    The estimated figures for the total number of individual tablets written by Bahá'u'lláh, 'Abdu'l-Bahá and Shoghi Effendi were as follows but it is known that many texts were lost, stolen, or destroyed, and many others are still held in private hands.
  • Bahá'u'lláh:
    • 7,160 tablets archived
    • 15,000 total estimated to have been written
    Shoghi Effendi translated about a thousand pages into English in his lifetime. Gleanings contains 166 extracts, Prayers and Meditations 184, but some tablets provided more than one extract, so the total number of tablets that the Guardian used was less than the sum of the extracts in the two books (350). Since this writing the Universal House of Justice has overseen production of The Kitáb-i-Aqdas: The Most Holy Book (1993), Summons of the Lord of Hosts (2002), Gems of Divine Mystery (2002), The Tabernacle of Unity (2006) and Days of Remembrance (2007), still a relatively small percentage of the total revelation — have been partially translated and published in English.
  • 'Abdu'l-Bahá:
    • 15,549 tablets archived
    • 30,800 total estimated to have been written
  • Shoghi Effendi:
    • 16,370 letters archived
    • 30,100 total estimated to have been written
    ["Bahá'í Archives: Preserving and Safeguarding the Sacred Texts," in 'Andalíb magazine, 12.48 (Fall 1993) found at: Numbers of Tablets revealed: notes by Robert Stockman and Juan Cole]
  • * `Abdu'l-Bahá, Writings and talks of; * Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; Missing, lost or destroyed Writings; Shoghi Effendi, Works of; Shoghi Effendi, Writings of; Statistics
    1993 16 Sep
    199-
    The document Bahá'í Social and Economic Development: Prospects for the Future, prepared at the World Centre, was approved for publication by the Universal House of Justice for use by the Office of Social and Economic Development (OSED) in orienting and guiding the work in this area. Most central to this vision was the question of capacity building. That activities should start on a modest scale and only grow in complexity in keeping with available human resources was a concept that gradually came to influence development thought and practice. [Message from the Universal House of Justice dated 26 November, 2012] * Publications; - Bahá'í World Centre; Bahá'í Faith, Evolutionary nature of; Capacity building; Growth; Haifa, Israel; Office of Social and Economic Development (OSED); Social action; Social and economic development
    1993 28 Aug - 5 Sep
    199-
    The first time that many religious representatives met with each other was at the World Parliament of Religions in Chicago in 1893. The goals of this gathering were: (1) to show "what and how many important truths the various Religions hold and teach in common;" (2) to discover "what light Religion has to throw on the great problems of the present age;" and (3) "to bring the nations of the earth into a more friendly fellowship, in the hope of securing permanent international peace."

    At the first modern Parliament held in Chicago an Assembly of 250 religious and spiritual leaders endorsed a groundbreaking document, Towards a Global Ethic: An Initial Declaration. One of the speakers was His Holiness the 14th Dalai Lama. [Chicago 1993]

    Chicago, IL; Parliament of the World's Religions; United States (USA)
    1993 26 Aug
    199-
    The Hungarian Bahá'í Community was registered by the Budapest Court. [www.bahai.hu] Budapest, Hungary; Hungary; Recognition (legal)
    1993 Aug
    199-
    The first International Bahá'í Youth Conference of Belarus was held, attended by 164 people from 16 countries. [BINS299:8; BINS306:7; BW93–4:123] - Conferences, International; - Europe; Belarus; Conferences, Bahá'í; Conferences, Youth; Youth First International Bahá'í Youth Conference of Belarus
    1993 Jul 25 – 30
    199-
    The first summer school of Albania was held in Gdem, attended by about 400 Bahá'ís. [BINS299:3] Albania; First summer and winter schools; Gdem, Albania
    1993 Jul
    199-
    The first Bahá'í Youth Symposium of the Marshall Islands was held in Majuro, attended by youth from six island groups. [BW93–4:124] Majuro, Marshall Islands; Marshall Islands
    1993 Jul
    199-
    A section of the Bahá'í cemetery in Tihrán was bulldozed to make way for the construction of an Islamic cultural centre. [BW93–4:140]
  • It was first thought that about two thousand Bahá'í graves were desecrated but later revealed that 15,000 graves were destroyed. [BW93–4:140; BW94–5:133]
  • * Persecution, Iran; - Persecution; - Persecution, Destruction; Iran; Tehran, Iran
    1993 12 Jun
    199-
    The Honourable Sir Julius Chan, KBE, Deputy Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea consulted with the Universal House of Justice on the future role of his country as an emerging nation and on the destiny of the Pacific region. [BINS297:9; BW93–4:78]
  • For pictures see BINS297:9 and BW93–4:78
  • Haifa, Israel; Julius Chan, Sir; Pacific; Papua New Guinea; Prominent visitors; Universal House of Justice
    1993 10 – 25 Jun
    199-
    The Bahá'í International Community and Bahá'ís from 11 countries participated in the United Nations World Conference on Human Rights in Vienna and the parallel meetings for non-governmental organizations. [BINS298:1–2]
  • The representatives from the Bahá'í International Community highlighted the importance of recognizing the universal nature of human rights.
  • A joint statement entitled Promoting Religious Tolerance was presented by the Bahá'í international Community.
  • - BIC statements; Austria; Bahá'í International Community; Human rights; United Nations conferences; Vienna, Austria
    1993 Jun
    199-
    The bodies of Bahá'ís buried in the Bahá'í section of a Tihrán cemetery were exhumed and taken by lorry to unknown destinations. [BW93–4:153] * Persecution, Iran; - Persecution; - Persecution, Other; Cemeteries and graves; Iran; Tehran, Iran
    1993 23 May
    199-
    The first general conference of Health for Humanitarian association of health professionals sponsored by the National Spiritual Assembly of the United States, was held in Evanston, Illinois. [BINS298:7; BW93–4:104] Conferences, Health; Evanston, IL; Illinois, USA; United States (USA)
    1993 23 May
    199-
    The following Counsellors were appointed to the International Teaching Centre for a five-year term: Mr. Kiser Barnes, Mr. Hartmut Grossmann, Mrs. Lauretta King, Mrs. Joan Lincoln, Mr. Shapoor Monadjem, Mr. Donald Rogers, Mr. Fred Schechter, Mrs. Kimiko Schwerin, Mrs. Joy Stevenson. Retiring members were: Mr. Mas'úd Khamsí and Mr. Peter Vuyiya. [From a message from the Universal House of Justice dated the 13th of May, 1993] - Bahá'í World Centre; Counsellors; Donald Rogers; Fred Schechter; Hartmut Grossmann; International Teaching Centre, Members of; Joan Lincoln; Joy Stevenson; Kimiko Schwerin; Kiser Barnes; Lauretta King; Masud Khamsi; Peter Vuyiya; Shapoor Monadjem; Universal House of Justice
    1993 29 Apr - 2 May
    199-
    The seventh Bahá'í International Convention at the World Centre. Those elected to the Universal House of Justice were: Mr. Ali Nakhjavani, Mr. Glenford Mitchell, Mr. Adib Taherzadeh, Mr. Ian Semple, Mr. Peter Khan, Mr. Hushmand Fatheazam, Mr. Hooper Dunbar, Mr. Farzam Arbab and Mr. Douglas Martin. [BINS295, BW93-4p51-58]
  • Hugh Chance and David Ruhe announced their retirement. Mr. Chance had served since 1963 and Dr. Ruhe since 1968. [BINS295, BS93-4p57]
  • For a report of the Convention see BW93–4:51–8.
  • For pictures see BW93–4:52, 53, 54, 57.
  • Dr. Farzam Arbab, born in Iran, obtained his doctorate in physics at the University of California, Berkeley. He was the representative for the Rockefeller Foundation in Colombia (1974 to 1983) and the president of the FUNDAEC development foundation there. He was a member of the National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of Colombia and a Continental Counsellor before being appointed to the International Teaching Centre.
  • Mr. Douglas Martin, born in Canada, held degrees in business administration and in history, and was an author and editor. He was a member of the National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of Canada, serving as its chief executive officer from 1965 to 1985 when he was appointed Director-General of the Office of Public Information at the Bahá'í World Centre. [BWNS208]
  • - Bahá'í World Centre; Adib Taherzadeh; `Alí Nakhjavání; Bahá'í World News Service (BWNS); Conventions, International; David Ruhe; Douglas Martin; Elections; Farzam Arbab; Glenford Mitchell; Haifa, Israel; Hooper Dunbar; Hugh Chance; Hushmand Fatheazam; Ian Semple; Peter Khan; Universal House of Justice, Election of; Universal House of Justice, Members of
    1993 Ridván
    199-
    The first person resident on Norfolk Island to become a Bahá'í enrolled. [BINS293:8] - First Bahá'ís by country or area; Norfolk Island The first person resident on Norfolk Island to become a Bahá'í
    1993 Ridván
    199-
    The Local Spiritual Assembly of Leipzig, Germany, was re-formed 56 years after its dissolution during the time the Faith was banned. [BW93–4:82] Germany; Leipzig, Germany; Local Spiritual Assembly, re-formed
    1993 Ridván
    199-
    The Local Spiritual Assembly of Tbilisi (Tiflis), Georgian Republic, was re-formed. [BINS298:8; BW93–4:82]
  • An assembly existed in the city in the 1930s. [BW93–4:82]
  • Georgia; Local Spiritual Assembly, re-formed; Tbilisi, Georgia The Local Spiritual Assembly of Tbilisi (Tiflis), Georgian Republic
    1993 Ridván
    199-
    The Three Year Plan (1993-1996) was launched. [VV142]
  • For statistics about the Bahá'í Faith at the beginning of the Plan see BW92–93p311–314 and BW93–94p323–326.
  • The objectives of the Three Year Plan. [Message 30 September 1992]
  • See BW95-96p65-68 for a summary of the achievements of the Three Year Plan.
  • * Teaching Plans; Statistics; Three Year Plan (1993-1996)
    1993 15 Apr
    199-
    The passing of Knight of Bahá'u'lláh Stanley Theodore Bagley, (b.2 February, 1912 in Bertrand, Missouri). He had been a pioneer to Belgium, France, Guadeloupe, Martinique, the United States as well as Sicily where he and his family, wife Florence, son Gerry and daughters Susan and Carol, received the Knighthood for their service. [BW93-94p319; BWIM63-65] - Biography; - Births and deaths; - In Memoriam; - Knights of Bahá'u'lláh; Belgium; France; Guadeloupe; Martinique; Sicily, Italy; Stanley Bagley; United States (USA)
    1993 10 – 12 Apr
    199-
    The first Bahá'í Congress of Catalunya took place in Barcelona. [BW92–3:146] Barcelona, Spain; Catalonia, Spain; Spain The first Bahá'í Congress of Catalunya
    1993 10 Apr
    199-
    The passing of Roger White, writer, editor and "poet laureate" of the Bahá'í community, in Richmond, British Columbia (b. in Toronto on 2 June 1929).
  • Served at the World Centre for some twenty years as a secretary and as manager of the publishing department when many important new volumes were published. Under the supervision of the Universal House of Justice, he was responsible for compiling and publishing volumes XIV to XIX of The Bahá'í World, as well as editing the invaluable compendium of volumes I to XII, published in 1981.
  • Published, at his own expense, a book of poetry called Summer Window for which he did the drawing on the front cover.
  • Another Song, Another Season (1979), The Witness of Pebbles (1981) and a tender and eloquent novel which presented a semi-fictionalized account of the early days of the Bahá'í Faith in Paris, A Sudden Music, was also published by George Ronald in 1983.
  • This was followed by a biographical tribute to the poet Emily Dickinson in the form of more than 100 poems: One Bird, One Cage, One Flight (Naturegraph, 1983).
  • A short, historical account of the martyrdom of 'Alí-Asghár of Yazd entitled The Shell and the Pearl was published by George Ronald in 1984.
  • Occasions of Grace (George Ronald, 1992) was published after he retired from service in Haifa in 1991 following a major heart surgery.
  • He returned to Canada and was diagnosed with terminal cancer shortly after.
  • His last two collected works of poetry were Notes Postmarked the Mountain of God (New Leaf, 1992) and The Language of There (New Leaf, 1992).
  • He also completed the text for Raghu Rai's photographic celebration of the Bahá'í House of Worship in New Delhi, Forever in Bloom. [Bahá'í Studies Review, Vol7, 1997]
  • See Bahá'í World 1994-95 pg249 for an article by Anne Boyles entitled "The Language of the Heart: Arts in the Bahá'í World Community" for mention of Roger White.
  • See The Journal of Bahá'í Studies Vol. 26 no 1-2, 2016 p91 "Reflections on the Art of My Poetry" by John Hatcher. It is based on a telephone interview with him shortly before his passing.
  • For obituary see BW92-93p276
  • Find a grave.
  • - Biography; - In Memoriam; - Poetry; British Columbia, Canada; Canada; Lotus temple, New Delhi; Mashriqu'l-Adhkár, Delhi; Richmond, BC; Roger White
    1993 Apr
    199-
    The Bahá'í community of Hungary celebrated the 80th anniversary of the visit of 'Abdu'l-Bahá with a conference. In a park near the National Museum in Budapest a plaque was erected to commemorate the talk that 'Abdu'l-Baha gave at that site on the 14th of April, 1913. Some 350 Bahá'ís from 30 countries attended.
  • A tree was planted by Rúhíyyih Kh´num. [www.bahai.hu, SCSC369, 372]
  • At this time there were more than 200 believers in Hungary.
  • `Abdu'l-Bahá, Travels of; Budapest, Hungary; Hungary; Memorials
    1993 21 Mar
    199-
    The presentation of the first Race Unity Award by the National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of Canada. Canada; National Spiritual Assembly; Race; Race unity first Race Unity Award
    1993 13 Mar
    199-
    Three Bahá'ís were assassinated at the Bahá'í Centre in Mdantsane, Ciskei, in a racially-motivated attack. [BW93–4:147–50] Assassinations; Ciskei, South Africa; Mdantsane, South Africa; Racism; South Africa
    1993 8 Mar
    199-
    The Bahá'í International Community presented the joint statement entitled Rights of the Child to the 49th session of the United Nations Commission on Human Rights. Agenda item 24. (a): Status of the Convention on the Rights of the Child. The Statement was signed by the following non-governmental organizations in Consultative Status with the United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC): Anti-Slavery International, Disabled Peoples' International, International Association of Penal Law, International Council of Jewish Women, International Council of Women, International Educational Development, International Movement for Fraternal Union among Races and Peoples, Human Rights Advocates, Planetary Citizens, Women's International League for Peace and Freedom. Bahá'í International Community; Geneva, Switzerland; Rights of the Child
    1993 Mar
    199-
    The English translation of the Kitáb-i-Aqdas was published. [BW92–3:44] [CBN vol 5 no 10 Mar93 pg1] [CoB310-13 UHJ Message 5Mar93] [VV142]
  • For the significance of its publication see BW92–3:45–6.
  • For its place in Bahá'í literature see BW92-3p45-6, p105-118.
  • This date also marks the first publication in the West of Questions and Answers, a document comprising exclusively of answers Bahá'u'lláh revealed in response to questions about the laws of the Kitáb-i-Aqdas. See Chronology 1910.
  • * Publications; * Translation; - Bahá'í World Centre; - Basic timeline, Condensed; - Basic timeline, Expanded; Kitáb-i-Aqdas (Most Holy Book); Su'al va Javab (Questions and Answers, Kitáb-i-Aqdas); Zaynu'l-Muqarrabín (Mullá Zaynul-ʻÁbidín)
    1993 22 Feb
    199-
    At the 49th session of the UN Commission on Human Rights, the United Nations in Geneva released a report providing evidence that the Iránian Government had established a secret plan approved by Irán's highest ranking officials including both President Hashemi Rafsanjani and Ayatollah Khomeini's successor, Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei, to oppress and persecute the Bahá'í community both in Irán and abroad. Galindo Pohl, special representative in charge of monitoring the human rights situation in Iran, highlights the contents of the secret document written by Iran's Supreme Revolutionary Cultural Council. [BW92–3:139; BW94–5:134] [from Bahá'í Community of Canada Department of Public Affairs press release dated 25 February, 1993] - Persecution; `Alí Khamenei; Bahá'í International Community; Galindo Pohl; Geneva, Switzerland; Hashemi Rafsanjani; Human rights; Iran; Iran Memorandum; Switzerland; United Nations; United Nations
    1993 20 Feb
    199-
    The first National Youth Conference of Hungary was held in Debrecen, attended by 60 youth. [BINS289:3] Conferences, Bahá'í; Conferences, Youth; Debrecen, Hungary; Hungary; Youth First National Youth Conference of Hungary
    1993 19 – 21 Feb
    199-
    The first Bahá'í Winter School of Slovenia and Croatia, the first Bahá'í school to be held in Slovenia, took place in Mozirje, Slovenia, attended by 20 adults and seven children. [BINS289:5–6] Croatia; First summer and winter schools; Mozirje, Slovenia; Slovenia; Winter schools
    1993 16 Feb
    199-
    A stamp featuring the Seat of the Universal House of Justice was issued by the Philatelic Service of the Israel Postal Authority. [BW92–3:142]
  • For picture see BW92–3:143.
  • Israel; Stamps (philately); Universal House of Justice, Seat of (Haifa)
    1993 31 Jan
    199-
    The opening of the Banani School with 65 students in Chisamba, Lusaka, Zambia. At the time of the school's inauguration on the 18th of May, 1996 there were 120 students, a library, a multimedia computer lab, a swimming pool, and a school bus. It was inaugurated by the William Mmutle Masetlha Foundation under the direction of the National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of Zambia and named after Hand of the Cause Musa Banani. The Primary School was inaugurated on 22 August, 2001. Today the Banani International School is a private, not for profit residential school for 150 girls from Grades 6 through 12. [Website; Wikipedia; Bahaipedia] - Bahá'í inspired schools; Banani International School, Zambia; Banani School, Zambia; Chisamba, Zambia; Lusaka, Zambia; Zambia
    1993 29 – 31 Jan
    199-
    The first Latin American Bahá'í Social and Economic Development Seminar took place in Santa Cruz, Bolivia. [BINS308:2; BW92–3:139] - First conferences; Bolivia; Conferences, Bahá'í; Latin America; Santa Cruz, Bolivia; Social and economic development First Latin American Bahá'í Social and Economic Development Seminar
    1993 19 Jan
    199-
    The Bahá'í Chair for World Peace at the University of Maryland was inaugurated. It was situated in the College of Behavioral and Social Sciences. [BW92–3:140–1]

    The Bahá'í Chair for World Peace is an academic program that conducts and publishes research with a diverse group of scholars on global issues. The organization's purpose is to study worldwide challenges and discuss solutions that could advance peace and promote tolerance.
    In addition to conducting academic research and releasing publications, the chair hosts events at the University of Maryland that are available to students, university staff and the general public.
    Although the chair was inspired by the spiritual teachings of the Bahá'í faith's focus on humanity's unity, the program emphasizes science-based analysis along with the values the Faith provides. [Unwind Magazine]

    Bahá'í Chair for World Peace; Maryland, USA; United States (USA); University of Maryland
    1993 17 Jan
    199-
    The first World Religion Day commemoration to be held in Mozambique took place in Maputo. [BINS290:5; BW92–3:140] Maputo, Mozambique; Mozambique; World Religion Day first...The first World Religion Day commemoration to be held in Mozambique

    only 200 results shown; trying narrowing your search

    Home divider Site Map divider Series divider Chronology
    searchAuthor divider Title divider Date divider Tags
    Links divider About divider Contact divider RSS divider New
    smaller font
    larger font